Digital Commons Network^™

Injury And Injury Prevention In United States Para Swimming: A Mixed-Methods Approach, Jay Salerno, Stephanie Tow, Elizabeth A. Regan Dpt, Phd, Stephen Bendziewicz, Matthew Mcmillan, Shana Harrington Pt, Phd

Faculty Publications

Background

Para swimming has experienced increased participation in recent years. Injury and injury prevention research on Para swimmers is lacking compared to swimmers without impairment.

Purpose

This study aimed to gather data in Para swimmers on typical injuries, injury prevention programs, and attitudes toward injury and injury prevention in this population.

Study Design

Cross-sectional, mixed-methods design evaluating injuries, injury management, and injury prevention in elite Para swimmers in United States (U.S.).

Methods

Para swimmers on the U.S. Paralympics Swimming National teams at multiple competition levels were invited to complete an online survey. Qualitative interviews with six U.S. Paralympics National team …

Search Full Text Options Here 3 Of 3 Heat-Mitigated Design And Lorentz Force-Based Steering Of An Mri-Driven Microcatheter Toward Minimally Invasive Surgery, Martin Francis Phelan Iii, Mehmet Efe Tiryaki, Jelena Lazovic, Hunter Gilbert, Metin Sitti

Faculty Publications

Catheters integrated with microcoils for electromagnetic steering under the high, uniform magnetic field within magnetic resonance (MR) scanners (3-7 Tesla) have enabled an alternative approach for active catheter operations. Achieving larger ranges of tip motion for Lorentz force-based steering have previously been dependent on using high power coupled with active cooling, bulkier catheter designs, or introducing additional microcoil sets along the catheter. This work proposes an alternative approach using a heat-mitigated design and actuation strategy for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-driven microcatheter. A quad-configuration microcoil (QCM) design is introduced, allowing miniaturization of existing MRI-driven, Lorentz force-based catheters down to 1-mm …

A Survey Of Blind Modulation Classification Techniques For Ofdm Signals, Anand Kumar, Sudhan Majhi, Guan Gui, Hsiao-Chun Wu, Chau Yuen

Faculty Publications

Blind modulation classification (MC) is an integral part of designing an adaptive or intelligent transceiver for future wireless communications. Blind MC has several applications in the adaptive and automated systems of sixth generation (6G) communications to improve spectral efficiency and power efficiency, and reduce latency. It will become a integral part of intelligent software-defined radios (SDR) for future communication. In this paper, we provide various MC techniques for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals in a systematic way. We focus on the most widely used statistical and machine learning (ML) models and emphasize their advantages and limitations. The statistical-based blind …

A Survey Of Blind Modulation Classification Techniques For Ofdm Signals, Anand Kumar, Sudhan Majhi, Guan Gui, Hsiao-Chun Wu, Chau Yuen

Faculty Publications

Blind modulation classification (MC) is an integral part of designing an adaptive or intelligent transceiver for future wireless communications. Blind MC has several applications in the adaptive and automated systems of sixth generation (6G) communications to improve spectral efficiency and power efficiency, and reduce latency. It will become a integral part of intelligent software-defined radios (SDR) for future communication. In this paper, we provide various MC techniques for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals in a systematic way. We focus on the most widely used statistical and machine learning (ML) models and emphasize their advantages and limitations. The statistical-based blind …

Historical And Legal Considerations In Development Of A For-Credit Internship Program, Nichole Zumbach Harken, Shelley Price-Williams

Faculty Publications

Background: This research outlines important factors in the development of a for-credit internship program by providing a historical context of internship work dating back to the original case of Walling v. Portland Terminal (1947), which outlined acceptable non-paid work of trainees, to more current applications of these labor laws in Wang v. Hearst (2016) and Glatt v. Foxlight Pictures (2016) then connects those legal precedents with current research in best practices.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine legal implications on for-credit internship programs and create recommendations based on United States law. Methodology/Approach: This work uses peer-reviewed research …

Cu2+ And Cu3+ Acceptors In Β-Ga2O3 Crystals: A Magnetic Resonance And Optical Absorption Study, Timothy D. Gustafson, Nancy C. Giles, Brian C. Holloway, Christopher A. Lenyk, J. Jesenovec, J. S. Mccloy, M. D. Mccluskey, Larry E. Halliburton

Faculty Publications

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption are used to characterize Cu²⁺ (3d⁹) and Cu³⁺ (3d⁸) ions in Cu-doped β-Ga₂O₃. These Cu ions are singly ionized acceptors and neutral acceptors, respectively (in semiconductor notation, they are Cu⁻ and Cu⁰ acceptors). Two distinct Cu²⁺ EPR spectra are observed in the as-grown crystals. We refer to them as Cu²⁺(A) and Cu²⁺(B). Spin-Hamiltonian parameters (a g matrix and a ^63,65Cu hyperfine matrix) are obtained from the angular dependence of each spectrum. Additional electron-nuclear double resonance …

The Effects Of Team Surface-Level Diversity On Creativity & Innovation, Roman Mitchell

Faculty Publications

During the last 20 years, the global marketplace has become more competitive due to increased globalization, aggressive market competition, and changing customer demands. This has forced organizations to assemble teams with diverse knowledge, skills, and abilities to remain competitive. However, previous meta-analytic investigations examining the relationship between team surface-level diversity (i.e., race or gender identity), creativity, and innovation have indicated a small negative relationship. Despite the said positive effects of team diversity, theory and empirical evidence suggests that increased surface-level team diversity leads to decreased team collaboration, team cohesion, and diminished creativity and innovation (Bell, 2007).

This study explores the …

Offshore Spreading Of A Supercritical Plume Under Upwelling Wind Forcing: A Case Study Of The Winyah Bay Outflow, Alexander E. Yankovsky, Douglas Cahl, George Voulgaris

Faculty Publications

In this study, we present observations of the Winyah Bay (WB) plume (SC, United States) formed by high freshwater discharge and a moderate upwelling-favorable wind acting continuously for ∼1.5 days prior to the shipboard survey. If a similar wind forcing persists over a longer period, the plume turns upstream (against its natural propagation) and curves offshore forming a “filament” with minimal transverse spreading, as seen in numerous satellite images. The observed plume comprises a train of tidal sub-plumes undergoing rotational adjustment and being transported offshore by Ekman dynamics. The WB outflow is supercritical in terms of the interior Froude number. …

Dominance Of Diffusive Methane Emissions From Lowland Headwater Streams Promotes Oxidation And Isotopic Enrichment, Andrew L. Robison, Wilfred M. Wollheim, Clarice R. Perryman, Annie R. Cotter, Jessica E. Mackay, Ruth K. Varner, Paige Clarizia, Jessica G. Ernakovich

Faculty Publications

Inland waters are the largest natural source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere, yet the contribution from small streams to this flux is not clearly defined. To fully understand CH4 emissions from streams and rivers, we must consider the relative importance of CH4 emission pathways, the prominence of microbially-mediated production and oxidation of CH4, and the isotopic signature of emitted CH4. Here, we construct a complete CH4 emission budgets for four lowland headwater streams by quantifying diffusive CH4 emissions and comparing them to previously published rates of ebullitive emissions. We also examine the isotopic composition of CH4 along with the …

Characteristics Of Brown Carbon In Western United States Wildfires, Linghan Zeng, Jack E. Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Joseph M. Katich, Joshua P. Schwarz, Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, Tom Ryerson, Carsten Warneke, Anne E. Perring, Glenn S. Diskin, Joshua P. Digangi, John B. Nowak, Richard H. Moore, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Demetrios Pagonis, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, Lu Xu, Rodney J. Weber

Faculty Publications

Brown carbon (BrC) associated with aerosol particles in western United States wildfires was measured between Jul. and Aug. 2019 onboard the NASA DC-8 research aircraft during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) study. Two BrC measurement methods are investigated; highly spectrally-resolved light absorption in solvent (water and methanol) extracts of particles collected on filters and in-situ bulk aerosol particle light absorption measured at three wavelengths (405, 532, 664 nm) with a photo acoustic spectrometer (PAS). A light absorption closure analysis for wavelengths between 300 and 700 nm was performed. The combined light absorption of …

Future Of Winter In Northeastern North America: Climate Indicators Portray Warming And Snow Loss That Will Impact Ecosystems And Communities, Elizabeth Burakowski, Alix Contosta, Danielle Grogan, Sarah Nelson, Sarah Garlick, Nora Casson

Faculty Publications

Winters in northeastern North America have warmed faster than summers, with impacts on ecosystems and society. Global climate models (GCMs) indicate that winters will continue to warm and lose snow in the future, but uncertainty remains regarding the magnitude of warming. Here, we project future trends in winter indicators under lower and higher climate-warming scenarios based on emission levels across northeastern North America at a fine spatial scale (1/16°) relevant to climate-related decision making. Under both climate scenarios, winters continue to warm with coincident increases in days above freezing, decreases in days with snow cover, and fewer nights below freezing. …

An Exploratory Study On The Microbiome Of Northern And Southern Populations Of Ixodes Scapularis Ticks Predicts Changes And Unique Bacterial Interactions, Deepak Kumar, Latoyia P. Downs, Abdulsalam Adegoke, Erika Machtinger, Kelly Oggenfuss, Richard S. Ostfeld, Monica Embers, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

The black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) is the primary vector of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease in North America. However, the prevalence of Lyme borreliosis is clustered around the Northern States of the United States of America. This study utilized a metagenomic sequencing approach to compare the microbial communities residing within Ix. scapularis populations from northern and southern geographic locations in the USA. Using a SparCC network construction model, we performed potential interactions between members of the microbial communities from Borrelia burgdorferi–infected tissues of unfed and blood-fed ticks. A significant difference in bacterial composition …

The Mediating Effect Of Depression On The Relation Between Interpersonal Needs And Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese Transgender Women, Ruijie Chang, Chengbo Zeng, Shan Qiao Ph.D., Huwen Wang, Chen Xu, Xiaoyue Yu, Tiecheng Ma, Ying Wang, Xiaoming Li Ph.D., Yong Cai

Faculty Publications

Background: Transgender women are at high risk of depression and suicidal ideation. The interpersonal theory of suicide proposes that suicidal ideation could be a consequence of high interpersonal needs (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness). The current study tests this theory and investigates whether depression could mediate the relationship between interpersonal needs and suicidal ideation among transgender women in Shenyang, China.

Methods: A total of 198 transgender women were recruited by snowball sampling. A cross-sectional study was conducted through a structured questionnaire. Suicidal ideation, depression, and interpersonal needs were assessed. Path analysis was used to carry out the research goals and …

Effect Of Defects Part I: Degradation Of Constitutive Coefficients As An Input To The Composite Failure Model With Microvoids And Porosity, Vahid Tavaf, Sourav Banerjee

Faculty Publications

It is always challenging to provide appropriate material properties for a composite progressive failure model. The nonstandard percentage reduction method that is commonly used to degrade the material constants with micro-scale defects generates tremendous uncertainty in failure prediction. The constitutive matrix is composed of multiple material constants. It is not necessary that all constants degrade either equally or linearly due to a certain state of material defects. With this very concern in mind, this article presents a guideline for using a quantified perturbation for each coefficient appropriately. It also presents distribution of effective material properties (EMPs) in unidirectional composite materials …

Search For Continuous Gravitational Waves From 20 Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsars In O3 Ligo Data, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams

Faculty Publications

Results are presented of searches for continuous gravitational waves from 20 accreting millisecond x-ray pulsars with accurately measured spin frequencies and orbital parameters, using data from the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The search algorithm uses a hidden Markov model, where the transition probabilities allow the frequency to wander according to an unbiased random walk, while the J-statistic maximum-likelihood matched filter tracks the binary orbital phase. Three narrow subbands are searched for each target, centered on harmonics of the measured spin frequency. The search yields 16 candidates, consistent with a false alarm probability of …

Search For Continuous Gravitational Waves From 20 Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsars In O3 Ligo Data, R. Abbott

Faculty Publications

Results are presented of searches for continuous gravitational waves from 20 accreting millisecond x-ray pulsars with accurately measured spin frequencies and orbital parameters, using data from the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The search algorithm uses a hidden Markov model, where the transition probabilities allow the frequency to wander according to an unbiased random walk, while the J-statistic maximum-likelihood matched filter tracks the binary orbital phase. Three narrow subbands are searched for each target, centered on harmonics of the measured spin frequency. The search yields 16 candidates, consistent with a false alarm probability of …

Reply To Komatsu Et Al.: From Local Social Mindfulness To Global Sustainability Efforts?, Niels J. Van Doesum, Ryan O. Murphy, Marcello Gallucci, Efrat Aharonov-Majar, Ursula Athenstaedt, Wing Tung Au, Liying Bai, Robert Böhm, Inna Bovina, Nancy R. Buchan, Xiao-Ping Chen, Kitty B. Dumont, Jan B. Engelmann, Kimmo Eriksson, Hyun Euh, Susann Fiedler, Justin Friesen, Simon Gächter, Camilo Garcia, Roberto González, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Field Observational Constraints On The Controllers In Glyoxal (Chocho) Reactive Uptake To Aerosol, Dongwook Kim, Changmin Cho, Seokhan Jeong, Soojin Lee, Benjamin A. Nault, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, Jason C. Schroder, Jose L. Jimenez, Rainer Volkamer, Donald R. Blake, Armin Wisthaler, Alan Fried, Joshua P. Digangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sally E. Pusede, Samuel R. Hall, Kirk Ullmann, L. Gregory Huey, David J. Tanner, Jack E. Dibb, Christoph J. Knote, Kyung-Eun Min

Faculty Publications

Glyoxal (CHOCHO), the simplest dicarbonyl in the troposphere, is a potential precursor for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and brown carbon (BrC) affecting air quality and climate. The airborne measurement of CHOCHO concentrations during the KORUS-AQ (KORea–US Air Quality study) campaign in 2016 enables detailed quantification of loss mechanisms pertaining to SOA formation in the real atmosphere. The production of this molecule was mainly from oxidation of aromatics (59 %) initiated by hydroxyl radical (OH). CHOCHO loss to aerosol was found to be the most important removal path (69 %) and contributed to roughly ∼ 20 % (3.7 µg sm−3 ppmv−1 …

Gibbs–Duhem Relation For Phase-Field Models Of Polymeric Mixtures, Rami Alhasan, Douglas R. Tree

Faculty Publications

Phase-field models are relatively inexpensive field-based models capable of capturing the nonequilibrium multiphase behavior of polymers and other soft materials. With their rise in popularity over the past several years, questions have arisen concerning the thermodynamic consistency of some model formulations. In doing so, researchers have employed several different forms of the Gibbs–Duhem equation─a classical thermodynamic relationship used to assess consistency─leading to questions about the correct form of this expression for inhomogeneous mixtures. In this paper, we derive a generalized Gibbs–Duhem relation that is valid for phase-field models. The key to the derivation is the recognition that the functional derivatives …

Detoxification Of Copper And Chromium Via Dark Hydrogen Fermentation Of Potato Waste By Clostridium Butyricum Strain 92, Vira Hovorukha, Olesia Havryliuk, Galina Gladka, Antonina Kalinichenko, Monika Sporek, Jan Stebila, Dmitri Mavrodi, Ruslan Mariychuk, Oleksandr Tashyrev

Faculty Publications

The accumulation of various types of waste containing both organic and inorganic metal-containing compounds is extremely hazardous for living organisms. The possibility of polymer degradation, biohydrogen synthesis, and metal detoxification via the dark fermentation of model potato waste was investigated. For this purpose, the strict anaerobic strain was isolated and identified as Clostridium butyricum. The high efficiency of dark hydrogen fermentation of potatoes with yield of hydrogen in 85.8 ± 15.3 L kg⁻¹ VS_potato was observed. The copperand chromium salts solutions were added to the culture fluid to obtain the concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg …

Unmanned Aerial Remote Sensing Of Coastal Vegetation: A Review, Grayson R. Morgan, Michael E. Hodgson, Cuizhen Wang, Steven R. Schill

Faculty Publications

Coastal wetlands contribute greatly to our coasts economically and ecologically. The utility of coastal wetland vegetation, along with the multitude of dynamic forces they encounter, suggests the need of regular monitoring for sustainable management. While traditional in situ survey methods and remote sensing from space and manned platforms have provided means to monitor and study the coastal zone thus far, the recent developments of small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) fill a small void between traditional in situ survey methods and the high spatial resolution of manned aircraft imagery. As an on-demand personal remote sensing device, an sUAS can be deployed …

Towards A Quantum Notion Of Covariance In Spherically Symmetric Loop Quantum Gravity, Rodolfo Gambini, Javier Olmedo, Jorge Pullin

Faculty Publications

The covariance of loop quantum gravity studies of spherically symmetric space-times has recently been questioned. This is a reasonable worry, given that they are formulated in terms of slicing-dependent variables. We show explicitly that the resulting space-times, obtained from Dirac observables of the quantum theory, are covariant in the usual sense of the way-they preserve the quantum line element-for any gauge that is stationary (in the exterior, if there is a horizon). The construction depends crucially on the details of the Abelianized quantization considered, the satisfaction of the quantum constraints, and the recovery of standard general relativity in the classical …

Towards A Quantum Notion Of Covariance In Spherically Symmetric Loop Quantum Gravity, Rodolfo Gambini, Javier Olmedo, Jorge Pullin

Faculty Publications

The covariance of loop quantum gravity studies of spherically symmetric space-times has recently been questioned. This is a reasonable worry, given that they are formulated in terms of slicing-dependent variables. We show explicitly that the resulting space-times, obtained from Dirac observables of the quantum theory, are covariant in the usual sense of the way-they preserve the quantum line element-for any gauge that is stationary (in the exterior, if there is a horizon). The construction depends crucially on the details of the Abelianized quantization considered, the satisfaction of the quantum constraints, and the recovery of standard general relativity in the classical …

Characterizing Middle School Students' Physical Literacy Development: A Self-Determination Theory-Based Pilot Intervention In Physical Education, Yang Liu, Senlin Chen

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Positive youth development (PYD) can be achieved through effective and purposeful instructions in physical education (PE) and other relevant experiences both in and beyond schools. Students' PYD is associated with their physical literacy (PL) development, which has become a primary emphasis of PE, especially in the United States, in recent years. This study aimed to (a) characterize middle school students' physical literacy (PL) and (b) capture their PL developing trajectories in light of receiving a self-determination theory (SDT)-based pedagogical workshop, with the long-term vision on PYD. Methods: Participants (N = 226) completed the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL-2) …

Self-Relabeling For Noise-Tolerant Retina Vessel Segmentation Through Label Reliability Estimation, Jiacheng Li, Ruirui Li, Ruize Han, Song Wang

Faculty Publications

Background Retinal vessel segmentation benefits significantly from deep learning. Its performance relies on sufficient training images with accurate ground-truth segmentation, which are usually manually annotated in the form of binary pixel-wise label maps. Manually annotated ground-truth label maps, more or less, contain errors for part of the pixels. Due to the thin structure of retina vessels, such errors are more frequent and serious in manual annotations, which negatively affect deep learning performance.

Methods In this paper, we develop a new method to automatically and iteratively identify and correct such noisy segmentation labels in the process of network training. We consider …

Improved Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly Of The Glanville Fritillary Butterfly (Melitaea Cinxia) Integrating Pacific Biosciences Long Reads And A High-Density Linkage Map, Olli-Pekka Smolander, Daniel Blande, Virpi Ahola, Pasi Rastas, Jaakko Tanskanen, Juhana Kammonen, Vicencio Oostra, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Suvi Ikonen, Tad Dallas, Michelle F. Dileo, Anne Duplouy, Iihan Cem Duru, Pauliina Halimaa, Aapo Kahilainen, Suyog S. Kuwar, Sirpa O. Kärenlampi, Elvira Lafuente, Shiqi Luo, Jenny Makkonen, Abhilash Nair, Narua De La Paz Celorio-Mancera, Ville Pennanen, Annukka Ruokolainen, Tarja Sundell, Arja I. Tervahauta, Victoria Twort, Erik Van Bergen, Janina Österman-Udd, Lars Paulin, Mikko J. Frilander, Petri Auvinen, Marjo Saastamoinen

Faculty Publications

Background

The Glanville fritillary (Melitaea cinxia) butterfly is a model system for metapopulation dynamics research in fragmented landscapes. Here, we provide a chromosome-level assembly of the butterfly's genome produced from Pacific Biosciences sequencing of a pool of males, combined with a linkage map from population crosses.

Results

The final assembly size of 484 Mb is an increase of 94 Mb on the previously published genome. Estimation of the completeness of the genome with BUSCO indicates that the genome contains 92–94% of the BUSCO genes in complete and single copies. We predicted 14,810 genes using the MAKER pipeline and …

Electromagnetic Multi–Gaussian Speckle, Milo W. Hyde Iv, Olga Korotkova

Faculty Publications

Generalizing our prior work on scalar multi-Gaussian (MG) distributed optical fields, we introduce the two-dimensional instantaneous electric-field vector whose components are jointly MG distributed. We then derive the single-point Stokes parameter probability density functions (PDFs) of MG-distributed light having an arbitrary degree and state of polarization. We show, in particular, that the intensity contrast of such a field can be tuned to values smaller or larger than unity. We validate our analysis by generating an example partially polarized MG field with a specified single-point polarization matrix using two different Monte Carlo simulation methods. We then compute the joint PDFs of …

Too Much Is Never Enough: Constructing Electricity Market Demand, Todd S. Aagaard, Andrew N. Kleit

Faculty Publications

Some regions of the United States have created institutions known as capacity markets in an effort to use competitive market forces to ensure adequate electricity supply at lowest cost. But capacity markets are driven more by political and bureaucratic judgments than by competition. The manner in which the capacity market is designed to determine demand exemplifies this observation. As there is no natural demand for capacity, Regional Transmission organizations (RTOs) administratively create demand in capacity markets. RTOs derive capacity demand from three components: the capacity requirement based on forecasted peak demand plus an additional margin, the net cost of new …

Current Methods And Future Directions In Avian Diet Analysis, Brandon D. Hoenig, Allison M. Snider, Anna M. Forsman, Keith A. Hobson, Steven C. Latta, Eliot T. Miller, Michael J. Polito, Luke L. Powell, Samantha L. Rogers, Thomas W. Sherry, David P.L. Toews, Andreanna J. Welch, Sabrina S. Taylor, Brady A. Porter

Faculty Publications

Identifying the composition of avian diets is a critical step in characterizing the roles of birds within ecosystems. However, because birds are a diverse taxonomic group with equally diverse dietary habits, gaining an accurate and thorough understanding of avian diet can be difficult. In addition to overcoming the inherent difficulties of studying birds, the field is advancing rapidly, and researchers are challenged with a myriad of methods to study avian diet, a task that has only become more difficult with the introduction of laboratory techniques to dietary studies. Because methodology drives inference, it is important that researchers are aware of …

Instructional Design Framework For Construction Materials Training, Hazem Jadallah, Carol J. Friedland, Isabelina Nahmens, Charles Pecquet, Charles Berryman, Yimin Zhu

Faculty Publications

The construction industry is suffering, in part, from a lack of training programs offered to the construction workforce. Unfortunately, most construction training and education research focuses on university student education. Integrating education science theory into construction workforce training has the potential to improve industry training but there is a dearth of studies that present details of this integration process. To address this gap, a training framework was developed to educate material stakeholders on material properties, selection, and installation. This framework is based on andragogical and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles. An assessment method evaluates training agendas to improve upon …