Digital Commons Network^™

Investigation Of Eating Disorder Risk And Body Image Dissatisfaction Among Female Competitive Cheerleaders, Allison B. Smith, Jennifer L. Gay, Eva V. Monsma, Shawn M. Arent Phd, Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Mark A. Sarzynski Ph.D., Faha, Facsm, Dawn M. Emerson Ph.D., Lat, Atc, Toni Torres-Mcgehee Phd, Lat, Atc

Faculty Publications

Social agents associated with cheerleading environments are increasingly linked to body image dissatisfaction (BID) and eating disorders (ED). This study examined ED risk across team type, squad type, and position. An additional purpose determined BID in clothing type (daily clothing, midriff uniform, and full uniform), and meta-perceptions from the perspective of peers (MP peers), parents (MP parents), and coaches (MP coaches). Female cheerleaders (n = 268) completed an online survey which included demographics, the Eating Attitudes Test-26, and pathogenic behavior questions. Body image perceptions were assessed by using the Sex-Specific Figural Stimuli Silhouettes. Overall, 34.4% of cheerleaders (n …

Association Between Sensation-Seeking Behaviors And Concussion-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceived Norms, And Care-Seeking Behaviors Among Collegiate Student-Athletes, Christine E. Callahan, Melissa K. Kossman, Jason P. Mihalik, Stephen W. Marshall, Paula Gildner, Zachary Y. Kerr, Kenneth L. Cameron, Megan N. Houston, Martin Mrazik, Johna K. Register-Mihalik

Faculty Publications

There are limited data connecting personality and behavioral tendencies and traits related to concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors and minimal research exists surrounding the relationship between risky behaviors, sensation-seeking, and concussion-related outcomes. This study examined the association between sensation-seeking and a student-athlete’s concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, perceived social norms, and concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors (intention to disclose concussion symptoms, perceived control over symptom disclosure, self-removal from play due to concussion symptoms, continued play with concussion symptoms, and disclosure of all concussions at the time of injury). The current study utilized a retrospective cohort of collegiate student-athletes at a single National Collegiate Athletic Association Division …

“Truth Is The Only Ground”: How Journalism Contributes To Good Government, Edward L. Carter

Faculty Publications

Now, after twenty years of teaching journalism as a college professor and fifteen years of periodically representing journalists as a lawyer, I believe the viability of our system of government at local, state, and national levels depends more than ever on good journalism. But amid rapid and unsettling social and technological change, journalism and government are degenerating. Journalists and public officials need to do better, and I believe informed community members should influence reforms and innovations while insisting on adherence to core values. Doing so will require community members to set aside some selfish interests and ask the same of …

Phenanthrene: Establishing Lower And Upper Bounds To The Binding Energy Of A Very Weakly Bound Anion, Elisabeth Gruber, Siegfried Kollotzek, Stefan Bergmeister, Fabio Zappa, Milan Ončák, Paul Scheier, Olof E. Echt

Faculty Publications

Quite a few molecules do not form stable anions that survive the time needed for their detection; their electron affinities (EA) are either very small or negative. How does one measure the EA if the anion cannot be observed? Or, at least, can one establish lower and upper bounds to their EA? We propose two approaches that provide lower and upper bounds. We choose the phenanthrene (Ph) molecule whose EA is controversial. Through competition between helium evaporation and electron detachment in He_nPh^- clusters, formed in helium nanodroplets, we estimate the lower bound of the vertical detachment energy …

Recovery Strategies In Endurance Athletes, Robyn Braun-Trocchio, Austin J. Graybeal, Andreas Kreutzer, Elizabeth Warfield, Jessica Renteria, Kaitlyn Harrison, Ashlynn Williams, Kamiah Moss, Meena Shah

Faculty Publications

In order to achieve optimal performance, endurance athletes need to implement a variety of recovery strategies that are specific to their training and competition. Recovery is a multidimensional process involving physiological, psychological, emotional, social, and behavioral aspects. The purpose of the study was to examine current implementation, beliefs, and sources of information associated with recovery strategies in endurance athletes. Participants included 264 self-identified endurance athletes (male = 122, female = 139) across 11 different sports including placing top three overall in competition (em>n= 55) and placing in the top three in their age group or division (n = …

An Efficient Deep Learning Model To Detect Covid-19 Using Chest X-Ray Images, Somenath Chakraborty, Beddhu Murali, Amal K. Mitra

Faculty Publications

The tragic pandemic of COVID-19, due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 or SARS-CoV-2, has shaken the entire world, and has significantly disrupted healthcare systems in many countries. Because of the existing challenges and controversies to testing for COVID-19, improved and cost-effective methods are needed to detect the disease. For this purpose, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a strong forecasting method for detecting COVID-19 from chest X-ray images. In this paper, we used a Deep Learning Method (DLM) to detect COVID-19 using chest X-ray (CXR) images. Radiographic images are readily available and can be used effectively for COVID-19 …

Effects Of Positive And Negative Emotion On Picture Naming For People With Mild To Moderate Aphasia: A Preliminary Investigation, Tyson G. Harmon, Courtney Nielsen, Corinne Loveridge, Camille Williams

Faculty Publications

Purpose: To investigate how emotional arousal and valence affect confrontational naming accuracy and response time in people with mild to moderate aphasia compared with adults without aphasia. We hypothesized that negative and positive emotions would facilitate naming for people with aphasia but lead to slower responses for adults with no aphasia.

Method: Eight participants with mild to moderate aphasia, 15 older adults, and 17 young adults completed a confrontational naming task across three conditions (positive, negative, neutral) in an ABA case series design. Immediately following each naming condition, participants self-reported their perceived arousal and pleasure. Accuracy and response time were …

Measurement Of The Nucleon F N2 / F P2 Tructure Function Ratio By The Jefferson Lab Marathon Tritium/Helium-3 Deep Inelastic Scattering Experiment, D. Abrams, H. Albataineh, B. S. Aljawrneh, S. Alsalmi, D. Androic, K. Aniol, W. Armstrong, J. Arrington, H. Atac, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, X. Bai, J. Bane, S. Barcus, A. Beck, V. Bellini, H. Bhatt, D. Bhetuwal, D. Biswas, D. Blyth, Roberto Petti, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The ratio of the nucleon F₂ structure functions, F ⁿ₂ / F ^p₂ is determined by the MARATHON experiment from measurements of deep inelastic scattering of electrons from ³H and ³He nuclei. The experiment was performed in the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab using two high-resolution spectrometers for electron detection, and a cryogenic target system which included a low-activity tritium cell. The data analysis used a novel technique exploiting the mirror symmetry of the two nuclei, which essentially eliminates many theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the ratio. The results, which cover the Bjorken …

Connecting The Dots: Transmission Of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease From The Marquesas To The Dry Tortugas, Thomas Dobbelaere, Daniel M. Holstein, Erinn M. Muller, Lewis J. Gramer, Lucas Mceachron, Sara D. Williams, Emmanuel Hanert

Faculty Publications

For the last 7 years, Florida's Coral Reef (FCR) has suffered from widespread and severe coral loss caused by stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD). First observed off the coast of Miami-Dade county in 2014, the outbreak has since spread throughout the entirety of FCR and some areas of the Caribbean. However, the propagation of the disease through FCR seemed to slow down when it reached the western end of the Marquesas in August 2020. Despite being present about 30 km (similar to 20 miles) from the Dry Tortugas (DRTO), SCTLD was not reported in this area before May 2021. …

The Number Of Tree Species On Earth, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Peter B. Reich, Javier G.P. Gamarra, Tom Crowther, Cang Hui, Albert Morera, Jean Francois Bastin, Sergio De-Miguel, Gert Jan Nabuurs, Jens Christian Svenning, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Cory Merow, Brian Enquist, Maria Kamenetsky, Junho Lee, Jun Zhu, Jinyun Fang, Douglass F. Jacobs, Bryan Pijanowski, Arindam Banerjee, Robert A. Giaquinto, Giorgio Alberti, Angelica Maria Almeyda Zambrano, Esteban Alvarez-Davila, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Valerio Avitabile, Gerardo A. Aymard, Radomir Balazy, Chris Baraloto, Jorcely G. Barroso, Meredith L. Bastian, Philippe Birnbaum, Robert Bitariho

Faculty Publications

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South …

Hippocampal Ensembles Represent Sequential Relationships Among An Extended Sequence Of Nonspatial Events, Babak Shahbaba, Lingge Li, Forest Agostinelli, Mansi Saraf, Keiland W. Cooper, Derenik Haghverdian, Gabriel A. Elias, Pierre Baldi, Norbert J. Fortin

Faculty Publications

The hippocampus is critical to the temporal organization of our experiences. Although this fundamental capacity is conserved across modalities and species, its underlying neuronal mechanisms remain unclear. Here we recorded hippocampal activity as rats remembered an extended sequence of nonspatial events unfolding over several seconds, as in daily life episodes in humans. We then developed statistical machine learning methods to analyze the ensemble activity and discovered forms of sequential organization and coding important for order memory judgments. Specifically, we found that hippocampal ensembles provide significant temporal coding throughout nonspatial event sequences, differentiate distinct types of task-critical information sequentially within events, …

Early-Stage Studies To Larger-Scale Trials: Investigators’ Perspectives On Scaling-Up Childhood Obesity Interventions, L. Von Klinggraeff, Roddrick Dugger, A. D. Okely, D. Lubans, R. Jago, S. Burkart

Faculty Publications

Background

Pilot/feasibility studies play an important role in the development and refinement of behavioral interventions by providing information about feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy. Despite their importance and wide-spread use, the approaches taken by behavioral scientists to scale-up early-stage studies to larger-scale trials has received little attention. The aim of our study was to understand the role that pilot studies play in the development and execution of larger-scale trials.

Methods

We conducted interviews with childhood obesity researchers who had published pilot behavioral interventions and larger-scale trials of the same or similar interventions. Questions were asked about the role of pilot …

Search Full Text Options Here 2 Of 4 Kmt-2021-Blg-0912lb: A Microlensing Super Earth Around A K-Type Star, Cheongho Han, Ian A. Bond, Jennifer C. Yee, Weicheng Zang, Michael D. Albrow

Faculty Publications

Aims. The light curve of the microlensing event KMT-2021-BLG-0912 exhibits a very short anomaly relative to a single-lens single-source form. We investigate the light curve for the purpose of identifying the origin of the anomaly.

Methods. We model the light curve under various interpretations. From this, we find four solutions, in which three solutions are found under the assumption that the lens is composed of two masses (2L1S models), and the other solution is found under the assumption that the source is comprised of binary stars (1L2S model). The 1L2S model is ruled out based on the contradiction that the …

Tale Of A Non-Interacting Additive In A Lithium-Ion Electrolyte: Effect On Ionic Speciation And Electrochemical Properties, J C. Rushing, C M. Stern, N Elgrishi, D G. Kuroda, J C. Rushing

Faculty Publications

New lithium electrolytes compatible with high energy density cells are critical for lithium metal battery applications, but dendrite formation associated with the use of dilute organic electrolytes complicates their realization. High-concentration electrolytes mitigate some of the issues of the electrolytes but introduce additional problems, such as low conductivity and high cost. Hence, pseudo-concentrated electrolytes, wherein a co-solvent is added to a dilute electrolyte, have been presented as a possible alternative to both dilute and concentrated electrolytes. However, the effect that the co-solvent has on the electrolyte properties at both macroscopic and microscopic levels is unknown. Here, a study of the …

Tale Of A Non-Interacting Additive In A Lithium-Ion Electrolyte: Effect On Ionic Speciation And Electrochemical Properties, J C. Rushing, C M. Stern, N Elgrishi, D G. Kuroda, J C. Rushing

Faculty Publications

New lithium electrolytes compatible with high energy density cells are critical for lithium metal battery applications, but dendrite formation associated with the use of dilute organic electrolytes complicates their realization. High-concentration electrolytes mitigate some of the issues of the electrolytes but introduce additional problems, such as low conductivity and high cost. Hence, pseudo-concentrated electrolytes, wherein a co-solvent is added to a dilute electrolyte, have been presented as a possible alternative to both dilute and concentrated electrolytes. However, the effect that the co-solvent has on the electrolyte properties at both macroscopic and microscopic levels is unknown. Here, a study of the …

Concurrent Identification And Characterization Of Protein Structure And Continuous Internal Dynamics With Redcraft, Hanin Omar, Aaron Hein, Casey A. Cole, Homayoun Valafar

Faculty Publications

Internal dynamics of proteins can play a critical role in the biological function of some proteins. Several well documented instances have been reported such as MBP, DHFR, hTS, DGCR8, and NSP1 of the SARS-CoV family of viruses. Despite the importance of internal dynamics of proteins, there currently are very few approaches that allow for meaningful separation of internal dynamics from structural aspects using experimental data. Here we present a computational approach named REDCRAFT that allows for concurrent characterization of protein structure and dynamics. Here, we have subjected DHFR (PDB-ID 1RX2), a 159-residue protein, to a fictitious, mixed mode model of …

Moral Disengagement Mechanisms Predict Cyber Aggression Among Emerging Adults, Taylor R. Nocera, Eric R. Dahlen, Alison Poor, Jacqueline Strowd, Amanda Dortch, Erica C. Van Overloop

Faculty Publications

The Internet has given rise to many new communication tools (e.g., social media, text messaging), which, while beneficial in many respects, have become a means for aggressing against others. As evidence of the adverse correlates of cyber aggression mounts, improved understanding of the mechanisms that facilitate electronic aggression is needed. Moral disengagement (i.e., cognitive processes through which individuals disengage from their moral values) has been shown to predict cyber aggression when assessed as a unitary construct. The present study investigated the eight moral disengagement mechanisms measured by the Moral Disengagement Measure (Detert et al., 2008) and their relationships to four …

Alluvial Connectivity In Multi‐Channel Networks In Rivers And Estuaries, Willem Sonke, Maarten G. Kleinhans, Bettina Speckmann, Wout M. Dijk, Matthew Hiatt

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Disclaiming Disability, Nicole Buonocore Porter

Faculty Publications

In the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) Amendments Act of 2008, Congress ordered the courts to broadly interpret the definition of disability under the ADA. For the most part, courts have followed that instruction, but there are still too many instances in which they have not. One particularly pernicious error made by courts is relying on a plaintiff’s statement “disclaiming” her disability — that is, testifying that she does not consider herself “disabled” — to hold that she does not meet the statutory definition of disability, and therefore loses her claim. This Article addresses this error. Specifically, after cataloguing this …

Muddy Waters: Fair Use Implications Of Google V. Oracle America, Inc., Gary Myers

Faculty Publications

The United States Supreme Court ruling in Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc. ended a long-running dispute between two giant technology companies. The case, which first began in 2010, has received considerable attention and commentary with regard to the scope of copyright protection for software and then about the contours of the fair use defense. The Court ultimately left the software copyright questions for another day, but it did render an important decision on fair use, the first major precedent on this important topic since 1994.

The Court’s fair use ruling provides important guidance on the scope of fair use …

A Bayesian Phase I/Ii Biomarker-Based Design For Identifying Subgroup-Specific Optimal Dose For Immunotherapy, Beibei Guo, Yong Zang

Faculty Publications

Immunotherapy is an innovative treatment that enlists the patient's immune system to battle tumors. The optimal dose for treating patients with an immunotherapeutic agent may differ according to their biomarker status. In this article, we propose a biomarker-based phase I/II dose-finding design for identifying subgroup-specific optimal dose for immunotherapy (BSOI) that jointly models the immune response, toxicity, and efficacy outcomes. We propose parsimonious yet flexible models to borrow information across different types of outcomes and subgroups. We quantify the desirability of the dose using a utility function and adopt a two-stage dose-finding algorithm to find the optimal dose for each …

Intact, Commercial Lithium-Polymer Batteries: Spatially Resolved Grating-Based Interferometry Imaging, Bragg Edge Imaging, And Neutron Diffraction, A J. Brooks, D S. Hussey, K Ham, D L. Jacobson, A J. Brooks, N Kardjilov, L G. Butler

Faculty Publications

We survey several neutron imaging and diffraction methods for non-destructive testing and evaluation of intact, commercial lithium-ion batteries. Specifically, far-field interferometry was explored as an option to probe a wide range of autocorrelation lengths within the batteries via neutron imaging. The dark-field interferometry images change remarkably from fresh to worn batteries, and from charged to discharged batteries. When attempting to search for visual evidence of battery degradation, neutron Talbot-Lau grating interferometry exposed battery layering and particle scattering through dark-field imaging. Bragg edge imaging also reveals battery wear and state of charge. Neutron diffraction observed chemical changes between fresh and worn, …

Predator-Pest Dynamics Of Arthropods Residing In Louisiana Soybean Agroecosystems, Scott T. Lee, Chaoyang Li, Jeffrey A. Davis

Faculty Publications

Over the past two decades, management practices within Louisiana soybean production have shifted. Successful application of an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy requires an understanding of how these changes have affected predator-pest dynamics. Surveys monitoring foliage-foraging arthropod populations in soybean took place across six locations within Louisiana over six years (2012–2014 and 2015–2018). Temporal associations of pest groups, defoliating and piercing-sucking, and predator groups relating to soybean phenology were observed. Additionally, soybean maturity groups (III, IV, and V) were also evaluated to delineate potential differences. Results indicated higher abundances of piercing-sucking pests compared to defoliating pests across both datasets (2012–2014 …

Optimal Eco-Compensation For Forest-Based Carbon Sequestration Programs: A Case Study Of Larch Carbon Sink Plantations In Gansu, Northwest China, Wei Yew Chang, Zhuolun Li, Kefei Lu, Sun J. Chang

Faculty Publications

This study investigated the potential financial benefits that private forest famers can derive when participating in a larch carbon sink plantation project in the northwestern Chinese province of Gansu. A decision matrix was developed to help forest farmers justify participation in forest carbon sink projects relative to the traditional land-use goal of timber production under various carbon trading prices, site conditions, and contract terms. The results showed that when the carbon trading price is at the theoretically optimal carbon price (CNY 110/tCO2e, equivalent to USD 17/tCO2e), Chinese business entities are willing to pay for forest carbon credits under the current …

Revisiting Forest Certification In Sri Lanka: The Forest Management And Export Wood-Based Manufacturing Sector Perspectives, Priyan Perera, Rajitha Lakshan Rupasinghe, Devin Weerasekera, Richard Vlosky, Rangika Bandara

Faculty Publications

There are discussions and debates surrounding forest certification in developing coun-tries. In this study, we surveyed 50 forest-based companies in Sri Lanka (43 wood-based manufacturers and 7 plantation companies) to ascertain their participation in forest certification, current and future forest certification trends, as well as their satisfaction with the performance of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification in its economic, environmental, and social aspects, using an importance–performance analysis (IPA). Study results indicate that certified companies typically focus on exports and supplying raw materials for value-added exporters. The customer demand/signaling mechanism appears to be the primary driver of FSC certification in Sri …

Interpretation And Inference For Altmetric Indicators Arising From Sparse Data Statistics, Lawrence Smolinsky, Bernhard Klingenberg, Brian D. Marx

Faculty Publications

In 2018 Bornmann and Haunschild (2018a) introduced a new indicator called the Mantel-Haenszel quotient (MHq) to measure alternative metrics (or altmetrics) of scientometric data. In this article we review the Mantel-Haenszel statistics, point out two errors in the literature, and introduce a new indicator. First, we correct the interpretation of MHq and mention that it is still a meaningful indicator. Second, we correct the variance formula for MHq, which leads to narrower confidence intervals. A simulation study shows the superior performance of our variance estimator and confidence intervals. Since MHq does not match its original description in the literature, we …

Snapshots Of Pre-Glacial Paleoenvironmental Conditions Along The Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica: New Palynological And Biomarker Evidence, Meghan Duffy, Emily J. Tibbett, Catherine Smith, Sophie Warny, Sarah J. Feakins, Gilles Escarguel, Rosemary Askin, Amy Leventer, Amelia E. Shevenell

Faculty Publications

The Aurora Subglacial Basin (ASB) catchment contains 3–5 m of sea-level equivalent ice volume that drains to the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica via the Totten Glacier system. Observed thinning and retreat of Totten Glacier indicate regional sensitivity to oceanographic and atmospheric warming. Paleoclimate studies of climatically sensitive catchments are required to understand the evolution of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) and its outlet glacier systems. Recent seismic and sediment studies from the Sabrina Coast document the evolution of the EAIS in the ASB catchment, suggesting that the region has long been sensitive to climatic changes. This study presents new …

Introduction To Theory Of High-Harmonic Generation In Solids: Tutorial, Lun Yue, Mette B. Gaarde

Faculty Publications

High-harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has emerged in recent years as a rapidly expanding and interdisciplinary field, attracting attention from both the condensed-matter and the atomic, molecular, and optics communities. It has exciting prospects for the engineering of new light sources and the probing of ultrafast carrier dynamics in solids, and the theoretical understanding of this process is of fundamental importance. This tutorial provides a hands-on introduction to the theoretical description of the strong-field laser–matter interactions in a condensed-phase system that give rise to HHG. We provide an overview ranging from a detailed description of different approaches to calculating the …

Study Protocol: Randomised Controlled Hybrid Type 2 Trial Evaluating The Scale-Up Of Two Arts Interventions For Postnatal Depression And Parkinson’S Disease, Tayana Soukup, Rachel Davis, Maria Baldellou Lopez, Andy Healey, Carolina Estevao, Daisy Fancourt, Paola Dazzan, Carmine Pariante, Hannah Dye, Tim Osborn, Rebecca Bind, Kristi Sawyer, Lavinia Rebecchini, Katie Hazelgrove, Alexandra Burton, Manonmani Manoharan, Rosie Perkins, Aleksandra Podlewska, Ray Chaudhuri, Fleur Derbyshire-Fox, Alison Hartley, Anthony Woods, Nikki Crane

Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Research on the benefits of 'arts' interventions to improve individuals' physical, social and psychological well-being is growing, but evidence on implementation and scale-up into health and social care systems is lacking. This protocol reports the SHAPER-Implement programme (Scale-up of Health-Arts Programmes Effectiveness-Implementation Research), aimed at studying the impact, implementation and scale-up of: Melodies for Mums (M4M), a singing intervention for postnatal depression; and Dance for Parkinson's (PD-Ballet) a dance intervention for Parkinson's disease. We examine how they could be embedded in clinical pathways to ensure their longer-term sustainability. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A randomised two-arm effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 trial …

Deep Learning Of High-Resolution Aerial Imagery For Coastal Marsh Change Detection: A Comparative Study, Grayson R. Morgan, Cuizhen Wang, Zhenlong Li, Steven R. Schill, Daniel R. Morgan

Faculty Publications

Deep learning techniques are increasingly being recognized as effective image classifiers. Aside from their successful performance in past studies, the accuracies have varied in complex environments, in comparison with the popularly of applied machine learning classifiers. This study seeks to explore the feasibility of using a U-Net deep learning architecture to classify bi-temporal, high-resolution, county-scale aerial images to determine the spatial extent and changes of land cover classes that directly or indirectly impact tidal marsh. The image set used in the analysis is a collection of a 1-m resolution collection of National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) tiles from 2009 and …