Digital Commons Network^™

Five Views Of Church-State Relations In Contemporary American Thought, Carl H. Esbeck

Faculty Publications

Views concerning the appropriate relationship between church and state are rapidly becoming almost as numerous as America's religious sects. The Constitution's treatment of religious liberty, thought by many to be a matter long settled, has now erupted into a many-sided debate. Not only lawyers, judges and legal commentators are involved; historians and sociologists, theologians and ecclesiastics, political theorists and statesmen also participate in the debate. It is part of a much larger struggle over a redefinition, or for some a reclamation, of the role of religion in American public life. At times this debate focuses on discrete environments, such as …

Factors Related To Blood Pressure In A Biracial Adolescent Female Population, M. Liebman, L. F. Chopin, E. Carter, A. J. Clark, G. W. Disney, M. Hegsted, M. A. Kenney, Z. A. Kirmani, K. L. Koonce, M. K. Korslund

Faculty Publications

Blood pressure levels, anthropometric parameters, and dietary intakes were assessed in 1981 and 1983 in a population of black (n = 236) and white (n = 296) adolescent girls, aged 14 and 16 years in 1983. The 14-year-old black girls exhibited significantly higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures than whites in both years. Body weight and Quetelet index were more strongly associated with blood pressure than were height and triceps skinfold thickness. Correcting blood pressures for weight, Quetelet index, 2-year changes in height, and age at menarche decreased in each case (but did not negate) the observed race differences …

Surface Effects On The Diamagnetic Susceptibility And Other Properties Of A Low-Temperature Electron Gas, Lipo Wang, R. F. Oconnell

Faculty Publications

A general formulation is developed for determining the free energy of a Fermi gas contained in an arbitrary smooth external potential barrier and in a weak magnetic field, in the low-temperature limit. The Wigner phase-space formalism of quantum mechanics is used as a calculational tool. Explicit formulas are given, which enable one to compute surface and temperature effects on various physical properties (susceptibility, specific heat, etc.) of the system. Some simple examples are constructed for the diamagnetic-susceptibility calculation, which show that the corrections depend on the form of the surface potential barrier and the size of the material, but, in …

Internal Control Evaluation: A Computational Model Of The Review Process, Rayman D. Meservy, Andrew D. Bailey Jr, Paul E. Johnson

Faculty Publications

This study investigated the strategies by which experienced auditors evaluate systems of internal accounting controls. The research method included: (1) observations, using concurrent protocols, of a small sample of practicing auditors performing the internal control evaluation task; (2) extensive interviews with one of the practicing auditors; (3) formalization of auditor processes as a computational model; and (4) validation of the model. The simulation model was Im· plemented as an expert system and tuned to one auditor. The model output consists of a trace of the model processing including: (1) rec• ommendatlons for specific controls to be compliance tested; and (2) …

Auditing, Artificial Intelligence And Expert Systems, Andrew D. Bailey, Rayman D. Meservy, Gordon L. Duke, Paul E. Johnson, William Thompson

Faculty Publications

This paper will provide the reader with an introduction to the field of financial auditing and the applicability of Decision Support Systems (DSS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Expert Systems (ES) to that field of endeavor. The paper will also discuss a continuing research project concerning the application of DSS/AI/ES techniques to the evaluation of internal accounting controls. The reader will find that the evaluation of internal accounting controls is a critical step in every financial audit and that it is an area in which the auditor exhibits substantial expertise. It is thus an area of work particularly suited to the …

California's Foreclosure Statutes: Some Proposals For Reform, Cynthia Mertens

Faculty Publications

Spurred by the harsh economics of the Great Depression, California enacted several statutes designed to protect pledgors of real property from unfair and often ruinous deficiency judgments. This legislation includes Code of Civil Procedure sections 580a,the fair value section, 580b,the purchase-money anti-deficiency statute, 580d; the nonjudicial foreclosure anti-deficiency statute, and 726, the "one-action" rule. Three decades of judicial interpretation, however, have created a body of case law which fails to advance the legislative purposes upon which the courts purportedly base their decisions.

The time has come for California to substantially revise its Depression-era anti-deficiency legislation in order to express and …

Simmering On The "Backburner": The Challenge Of Yarbrough, Gerald F. Uelmen

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Economic Development In Indian Country: What Are The Questions?, Frank Pommersheim

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Law Of Confessions: Part I, Paul C. Giannelli

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Sharon Vs Time: The Criminal Responsibility Under International Law For Civilian Massacres, Linda A. Malone

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Computer Applications In Marketing: An Annotated Bibliography Of Computer Software, Jim Burrow, Faye Schwamman

Faculty Publications

This bibliography contains annotations of 95 items of educational and business software with applications in seven marketing and business functions. The annotations; which appear in alphabetical order by title; provide this information: category (related application); title; date; source and price; equipment; supplementary materials; description (content review; evaluation of educational complexity and quality); use level; and length. The marketing and business functions by which the software is categorized are: product development; pricing/finance; promotion; distribution; operating; management/decision making; and business basics. A contents index enables users to locate the relevant entries for each category. Software is suitable for secondary and postsecondary marketing …

Constitutionalism And The Rule Of Law, Noel B. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

Constitutionalism is the practical science of designing and balancing institutions of public power and authority so as to prevent monopolies of power or the emergence of tyranny. In spite of continuing attempts to ground constitutions in moralistic political theories, they are best understood as formalizations of citizenry agreements to manage their affairs under the rule of law following rules formulated by their legislatures and applied by their judges, all of which are to be selected through established procedures. The emergence of rule of law in primitive societies and in early modern European politics is noted, and the chief contributors to …

Parallel-Plate Electrochemical Reactor Model: A Method For Determining The Time-Dependent Behavior And The Effects Of Axial Diffusion And Axial Migration, T. V. Nguyen, C. W. Walton, Ralph E. White, J. Van Zee

Faculty Publications

A method is presented for determining the effects of time dependence, axial diffusion, and axial migration in aparallel-plate electrochemical reactor (PPER). The method consists of formulating the governing equations and applying a numerical integration technique to solve a set of time-dependent, nonlinear, coupled, multidimensional equations. This formulation reveals that the steady-state performance of the PPER depends on the cell potential and three dimensionless groups. Predictions of the concentration, potential, and local current distributions in a PPER are presented for the electrowinning of copper from an aqueous, hydrochloric acid solution. These predictions show that axial diffusion and axial migration are significant …

Simple Models For Diaphragm-Type Chlorine/Caustic Cells I. Dynamic Behavior, John Van Zee, Ralph E. White, A T. Watson

Faculty Publications

A simple model of the dynamic behavior of a diaphragm-type chlorine/caustic cell is presented. The model is based upon measurable diaphragm properties and the mass transfer of hydroxyl ion through the diaphragm. The anolyte is modeled simply as a region in which the OH^– ion concentration is fixed, the diaphragm is modeled as a plug-flow reactor with an electrochemical reaction occurring at the catholyte/diaphragm interface where the cathode is placed, and the catholyte is modeled as a completely stirred flow reactor. Analytical integration of the governing equations for thesemodels yields two mathematical expressions: one for the concentration distribution of …

Parallel Plate Electrochemical Reactor Model: Material Balance Closure And A Simplification, M J. Mader, C W. Walton, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

A material balance closure calculation is presented to test the consistency of a previously published model of a parallelplate electrochemical reactor. New expressions are used in this procedure to calculate the average concentration of species i and the average current density for reaction j from the predicted concentration and potential distributions. Also, the previously presented model equations are simplified by assuming that the axial concentration gradient for species i can be approximated by a step change from the known feed concentration to the unknown outlet concentration. This one-step model provides a qualitative evaluation of cell performance and adds insight into …

When Lawyer And Client Meet: Observations Of Interviewing And Counseling Behavior In The Consumer Bankruptcy Law Office, Gary Neustadter

Faculty Publications

What happens when lawyer and client first meet? How do they talk, how do they listen, what do they say, and what do they do? The answers to these questions are generated, and then lost, in thousands of law offices daily. There is thus a treasure of information, but it is mostly hidden from our view by legal barriers that protect privacy and confidentiality and by other barriers, economic, psychological, and logistical, that inhibit or preclude third party observation of lawyer-client contact. This Article reports an exploratory journey in search of that treasure, a journey into six law offices in …

Judicial Review Of Administrative Discretion, Charles H. Koch Jr.

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Status Of Independent Agencies After Bowsher V. Synar, Paul R. Verkuil

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

When Doctrines Collide: Corporate Negligence And Respondeat Superior When Hospital Employees Fail To Speak Up, I. Trotter Hardy

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Defining A Water Ethic Through Comprehensive Reform: A Suggested Framework For Analysis, Lynda L. Butler

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Righting Past Wrongs: When Affirmative Action May Be Reverse Discrimination, Neal Devins

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Limiting Losses Attributable To Nonrecourse Debt: A Defense Of The Traditional System Against The At-Risk Concept, Glenn E. Coven

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Discovery Against The Defense: Tilting The Adversarial Balance, Robert P. Mosteller

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Policy Analysis Of Fee-Shifting Rules Under The Internal Revenue Code, Gary Myers, Richard L. Schmalbeck

Faculty Publications

Until recently, the costs of litigating federal tax cases were borne exclusively by the parties who incurred them, regardless of whether the government or the taxpayer prevailed in the litigation. This practice reflects the application to tax disputes of the ‘American rule’ against fee shifting. Although the American rule continues to be predominant in the tax area, it has been modified in important respects. An explicit fee-reimbursement rule, benefiting prevailing taxpayers in cases in which the government is found to have acted unreasonably, was added to the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) by the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of …

How Successfully Can The States' Item Veto Be Transferred To The President?, Louis Fisher, Neal Devins

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Rights Without Remedies: Judicial Review Of Underinclusive Legislation, Bruce K. Miller, Neal Devins

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Congressional Power And Free Speech: Levy’S Legacy Revisited, William W. Van Alstyne

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Kass: A Knowledge-Based Auditor Support System, Ramayya Krishnan, Rayman D. Meservy, Vandana Gadh

Faculty Publications

This paper describes the design of a knowledge-based system to assist auditors in the evaluatation of internal accounting controls and focusses on the logic-based language AL that has been developed as a knowledge representation formalism. Interesting features of AL include a declarative approach to modeling accounting systems and the means to explicitly describe authority structures typically used to enforce internal controls.

The Union Of Legal And Political Theory, Noel B. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

This paper explores the social science concept of conventions as a way of understanding law that would bridge the enduring gap between natural law and legal positivist legal theories. It further finds in the conventionalist approach a promising account of the rule of law—both in how it may be characterized and in how it can be assessed in particular legal systems.

The Final Report Of The Cooperative Grinnell-Newburg Community School District And University Of Northern Iowa Mathematics Project, Edward C. Rathmell

Faculty Publications

This project was designed to study the effects of an inservice model on the quantity and quality of developmental mathematics instruction provided by participating teachers. Participants were seven teachers of students in grades from 2 to 6 who had volunteered for the project after being selected as potential lead teachers in mathematics. The inservice consisted of teacher observations; group inservice on effective teaching; individual planning and recommendations for becoming more effective; demonstration teaching; and more observations together with feedback and discussion. The results indicate that these seven elementary teachers increased the quantity of their developmental instruction to about half of …