Digital Commons Network^™

International Payments And Five Foundations Of Wire-Transfer Law, Raj Bhala

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Measurement Of The F2 Structure Function In Deep Inelastic E+P Scattering Using 1994 Data From The Zeus Detector At Hera, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. R. Okrasinski, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, P. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti, G. Levi

Faculty Publications

We present measurements of the structure function F2 in e+p scattering at HERA in the range 3.5 GeV2 < Q2 < 5000 GeV2. A new reconstruction method has allowed a significant improvement in the resolution of the kinematic variables and an extension of the kinematic region covered by the experiment. At Q2 < 35 GeV2 the range in x now spans 6.3 · 10-5 < x < 0.08 providing overlap with measurements from fixed target experiments. At values of Q2 above 1000 GeV2 the x range extends to 0.5. Systematic errors below 5% have been achieved for most of the kinematic region. The structure function rises as x decreases; the rise becomes more pronounced as Q2 increases. The behaviour of the structure function data is well described by next-to-leading order perturbative QCD as implemented in the DGLAP evolution equations. © Springer-Verlag 1996.

Measurement Of Elastic Ω Photoproduction At Hera, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. R. Okrasiński, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, P. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti, G. Levi

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Measurement Of The Diffractive Cross Section In Deep Inelastic Scattering, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. R. Okrasinski, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, P. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam

Faculty Publications

© Springer-Verlag 1996. Diffractive scattering of γ∗p → X + N, where N is either a proton or a nucleonic system with MN < 4 GeV has been measured in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at HERA. The cross section was determined by a novel method as a function of the γ∗p c.m. energy W between 60 and 245 GeV and of the mass MX of the system X up to 15 GeV at average Q2 values of 14 and 31 GeV2. The diffractive cross section dσdi f f /dMX is, within errors, found to rise linearly with W. Parameterizing the W dependence by the form dσdi f f /dMX ∞ (W2)(2αIP - 2) the DIS data yield for the pomeron trajectory αIP = 1.23±0.02(stat)±0.04(syst) averaged over t in the measured kinematic range assuming the longitudinal photon contribution to be zero. This value for the pomeron trajectory is substantially larger than αIP extracted from soft interactions. The value of αIP measured in this analysis suggests that a substantial part of the diffractive DIS cross section originates from processes which can be described by perturbative QCD. From the measured diffractive cross sections the diffractive structure function of the proton F2D(3) (β,Q2, xIP) has been determined, where β is the momentum fraction of the struck quark in the pomeron. The form F2D(3) = constant·(1/xIP)a gives a good fit to the data in all β and Q2 intervals with a = 1.46 ± 0.04(stat) ± 0.08(syst).

Antitrust Balancing In A (Near) Coasean World: The Case Of Franchise Tying Contracts, Alan J. Meese

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Ghosts Of Homer Plessy, Rodney A. Smolla

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

On The Future Of Integration Between Skills And Ethics Teaching: Clinical Legal Education In The Year 2010, James E. Moliterno

Faculty Publications

Twelve years ago Anthony G. Amsterdam looked into the 21st century for a description of clinical legal education. With the decided advantage of being that much closer to the turn of the century, I think I will take a similar stab. This essay is less a contradiction of Amsterdam's predictions than it is a supplement with the advantages of the passage of time. I will adopt his 21st-century perspective and look at clinical legal education from the vantage point of the year 2010.

Model Equations From Gyrokinetic Theory For A Non-Neutral Plasma To Include Temperature Effects And Applications To A Plasma Of Infinite Length, S. Neil Rasband

Faculty Publications

Gyrokinetic equations are derived for applications to non-neutral plasmas in constant, straight magnetic fields wherein E X B drift velocities are of the same order as thermal velocities. The ratio of the E X B rotation frequency to the cyclotron frequency and the ratio of the gyroradius to a plasma scale length are assumed to be of order epsilon and terms are retained in the gyrokinetic expansion to second order to include finite-Larmor-radius (FLR) effects. A mode equation is obtained for a non-neutral plasma in the infinite-length approximation. The singularities of this equation are compared and contrasted with the familiar …

Chemical Structure Of Coal Tar During Devolatilization, Thomas H. Fletcher, Mathew Watt

Faculty Publications

Three coals of different rank were pyrolyzed in a drop-tube reactor at a maximum temperature of 900 K and a residence time of 160 ms. The coal and char were analyzed with solid-state ¹³C NMR. The tar was dissolved in deuterated methylene chloride. It was found that the tar was only partially soluble in CD₂Cl₂. The nonsoluble tar portion was analyzed in the same manner as the coal and char, while the soluble tar portion was analyzed using a recently developed high-resolution 13CNMRtechnique developed for liquid phases. The tar structure was found to be significantly …

A Computational Method For Determining Global Fuel-No Rate Expressions. Part 1, Wei Chen, L Douglas Smoot, Thomas H. Fletcher, Richard D. Boardman

Faculty Publications

Global chemical reaction rates used in the modeling of NO_x formation in comprehensive combustion codes have traditionally been obtained through correlation of experimental data. In this paper, a computational approach for obtaining global rates is presented. Several premixed flames were simulated, and sensitivity analysis of species concentration profiles was used to suggest global pathways in fuel-nitrogen conversion to NO. Based on these analyses, the global reaction rates were formulated. The predicted species concentration profiles and their derivatives were then used in the determination of the global rate constants. The correlation of rate constants for the two fuel-NO global rates …

Branching Fractions And Oscillator Strengths For Fe Ii Transitions From The 3d6(5D)4p Subconfiguration, Scott D. Bergeson, K. L. Mullman, M. E. Wickliffe, J. E. Lawler

Faculty Publications

New experimental branching fractions and transition probabilities are reported for 56 transitions in Fe II. The branching fractions are measured with a Fourier transform spectrometer and also with a high-resolution grating spectrometer on a n optically thin hollow cathode discharge. Highly accurate experimental radiative lifetimes from the recent literature provide the normalization required to convert our branching fractions into absolute transition probabilities. Results are compared with experimental and theoretical values in the literature. Our new transition probabilities will establish the absolute scale for relative absorption oscillator strengths of vacuum ultraviolet lines measured using a new high-sensitivity absorption experiment at the …

The Book Of Numbers At Qumran: Texts And Context, Dana M. Pike

Faculty Publications

In this paper I examine the significance of the book of Numbers for the covenant community at Qumran. By way of background, I will relate the reason I chose this topic. My assignment as an editor of fragments for DJD is to prepare about sixty plates of miscellaneous and mainly unidentified fragments from Cave 4 at Qumran for publication. While some of these fragments have been identified and have been or will be published by others, I have well over 1,000 fragments with which to work. Most are quite small. Andrew Skinner, a colleague of mine at Brigham Young University, …

High-Sensitivity Absorption Spectroscopy In Fe Ii, Scott D. Bergeson, K. L. Mullman, J. E. Lawler

Faculty Publications

We report the first measurements of UV oscillator strengths (ƒ-values) in Fe II from a high-sensitivity absorption experiment developed at the University of Wisconsin. The accuracy of our measurements is demonstrated by our reproducing well-known ƒ-value ratios in Fe I and Fe II. The first laboratory ƒ-value measurement of the 160.845 nm transition in Fe II is presented and compared to values in the literature. While this paper focuses on Fe II, the high-sensitivity absorption method that we have developed is applicable to essentially every element in the periodic table, for both neutral and ionized species, over a broad range …

On The Information Content Of Calls Of Convertible Securities, Anthony K. Byrd, William T. Moore

Faculty Publications

Negative stock price reactions to conversion-forcing calls of convertible bonds and preferred stocks are reexamined, and most of the sample firms are shown to exhibit full price recovery by the end of the conversion period. In addition, analysts' earnings forecasts, both short-term and long-term, are found to be revised upward following call announcements for convertible bonds and preferred stocks. The combined findings cast doubt on the established belief that such capital structure decisions signal negative information about firm value.

Conversion Of Coal Tar To Soot During Coal Pyrolysis In A Post-Flame Environment, Thomas H. Fletcher, Jinliang Ma, Brent W. Webb

Faculty Publications

Coal pyrolysis experiments were performed in the postflame region of a CH4/H2/air flat-flame burner operating under fuel-rich conditions, where the temperature and gas compositions were similar to those in the near-burner region of a large-scale coal-fired furnace. Volatiles released from the coal particles formed a cloud of soot particles at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. The soot particles in the cloud were collected at different residence times using a water-cooled, nitrogen-quenched suction probe. Test variables included the reaction temperature and coal type. Soot yields in terms of weight percentage of dry ash-free coal were measured based on bulk …

Diphthongization In Spanish Derivational Morphology: An Empirical Investigation, David Eddington

Faculty Publications

The alternation between the mid-vowels / e/, /o/ and the diphthongs /je/ and /we/ is widespread in Spanish, and several rule-based analyses claim to account for it. However, they are founded on a small body of evidence. These analyses are evaluated against data from a large corpus, and cannot account for the non-discrete nature of diphthongization as evidenced in the corpus. The corpus data suggest that diphthongization has a gradient relationship to the derivational suffixes. · A nonderivational account, based on Bybee's model (1985, 1988, 1991), better embodies the scalar relationship between diphthongization and the suffixes. This relationship was tested …

Health Insurance And Early Retirement: Evidence From The Availability Of Continuation Coverage, Jonathan Gruber, Brigitte C. Madrian

Faculty Publications

The dramatic postwar decline in the labor force participation of older men in the United States has motivated a sizable body of literature on retirement behavior. Three factors, in particular, have been studied extensively: the growth of the Social Security program (see, for example, Burtless 1986; Burtless and Moffitt 1984; Diamond and Hausman 1984; Hausman and Wise 1985; Sueyoshi 1989), the increased availability and generosity of private pensions (Stock and Wise 1990a, 1990b), and the expansion of federal disability insurance (Bound and Waidmann 1992). One potentially important factor that until recently has not received much attention is the availability of …

1996-97 Supreme Court Preview: Mock Arguments In Clinton V. Jones, Michael J. Gerhardt, Rodney A. Smolla

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Treaties And Other Formal International Acts On The Customary Law Of Human Rights, Arthur M. Weisburd

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Kinetic Analysis Of The Fate Of Nitric Oxide Synthesized By Macrophages In Vitro, Randy S. Lewis, Snait Tamir, Steven R. Tannenbaum, William M. Deen

Faculty Publications

To investigate the fate of nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by activated macrophages, the concentrations of NO and its principal reaction products, nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-), were measured as a function of time in suspension cultures of RAW264.7 macrophages attached to microcarrier beads. Synthesis of NO became evident 2-5 h after stimulation of the cells, and steady concentrations of NO were achieved after about 9 h. The appearance of NO in the extracellular fluid coincided with the appearance of NO2- and NO3-, which were formed thereafter at approximately equal and constant rates. Using a kinetic model based on rate constants …

Measurement Of The Diffractive Structure Function In Deep Inelastic Scattering At Hera, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, H. Zhang, R. Ayad, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, P. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, M. Chiarini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, C. Nemoz

Faculty Publications

This paper presents an analysis of the inclusive properties of diffractive deep inelastic scattering events produced in ep interactions at HERA. The events are characterised by a rapidity gap between the outgoing proton system and the remaining hadronic system. Inclusive distributions are presented and compared with Monte Carlo models for diffractive processes. The data are consistent with models where the pomeron structure function has a hard and a soft contribution. The diffractive structure function is measured as a function of xℙ, the momentum fraction lost by the proton, of β, the momentum fraction of the struck quark with respect to …

Measurement Of The Proton Structure Function F 2 At Low X And Low Q 2 At Hera, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, H. Zhang, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, P. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, M. Chiarini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, C. Nemoz, F. Palmonari

Faculty Publications

We report on a measurement of the proton structure function F 2 in the range 3.5×10-5≤x≤4×10-3 and 1.5 GeV2≤Q 2≤15GeV2 at the ep collider HERA operating at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=300GeV. The rise of F 2 with decreasing x observed in the previous HERA measurements persists in this lower x and Q 2 range. The Q 2 evolution of F 2, even at the lowest Q 2 and x measured, is consistent with perturbative QCD. © 1996 Springer-Verlag.

Dynamics Of Binary Liquids In Pores, J.C. Lee

Faculty Publications

A computer simulation is performed to study the dynamics of binary liquids in the pores of Vycor glasses. The pores are modeled with glass walls that form randomly interconnected tunnels. When the relaxation is probed with a particular wavelength, the time autocorrelation function depends on whether or not there is a significant periodic or quasiperiodic structure in the distribution of the walls with that wavelength. If there is not, the relaxation may be fitted as the sum of an exponential term and a nonexponential activated term. If there is, the relaxation shows a long-lasting tail that can be fitted by …

Quantifying Liability Under The Architect's Standard Of Care, Murray H. Wright, David E. Boelzner

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Observation Of Beam-Induced Changes In The Polarization Of Balmer-Α Radiation Emitted Following Beam--Tilted-Foil Transmission, Wang Qi, David D. Allred, Larry V. Knight, Douglas L. Harper, Royal G. Albridge, Norman H. Tolk

Faculty Publications

Measurements of the circular polarization of Balmer-α radiation emitted by excited hydrogen atoms, following the transmission of (20-50)-keV protons through thin, tilted amorphous carbon foils, exhibit markedly unexpected behavior as a function of exposure of the foil to the proton beam. Specifically, the circular polarization changes from an initially well understood tilt-angle dependence to a behavior which, for low tilt angles, gives the opposite handedness of circular polarization from that predicted. In addition, the degree of alignment, indicated by the linear Stokes parameter M/I, is enhanced also as a function of dose. These changes in the tilt-angle dependence of the …

Measurement Of Αsfrom Jet Rates In Deep Inelastic Scattering At Hera, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, H. Zhang, R. Ayad, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, P. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, M. Chiarini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, C. Nemoz

Faculty Publications

Jet production in deep inelastic scattering for 120 < Q2< 3600 GeV2has been studied using data from an integrated luminosity of 3.2 pb-1collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Jets are identified with the JADE algorithm. A cut on the angular distribution of parton emission in the γ*-parton centre-of-mass system minimises the experimental and theoretical uncertainties in the determination of the jet rates. The jet rates, when compared to O(αs2) perturbative QCD calculations, allow a precise determination of αs(Q) in three Q2-intervals. The values are consistent with a running of ifαs(Q), as expected from QCD. Extrapolating to Q = MZ0αs(MZ0) = 0.117 ± 0.005 (stat)-0.005+0.004(systexp) ± 0.007 (systtheory). © 1995.

Oxidative Phosphorylation And The Realkalinization Of Intracellular Ph During Recovery From Anoxia In Artemia Franciscana Embryos, Kurt E. Kwast, Joseph I. Shapiro, Bernard B. Rees, Steven C. Hand

Faculty Publications

The contribution of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to the realkalinization of intracellular pH (pHi) and resynthesis of purine nucleotides during recovery from anoxia was investigated in embryos of Artemia franciscana by assessing the sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to pH, calculating proton consumption by oxidative phosphorylation, and measuring changes in pHi using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. Following short-term anoxia, pHi increased from 6.7 to 7.7 during 20 min of aerobic recovery and was temporally correlated with a large increase in ATP. State 3 respiration rates of isolated mitochondria were not substantially compromised at the acidic pH corresponding to the pHi during anoxia …

Piecing Together The Past, Eugene Ulrich, James Vanderkam, Catherine M. Murphy

Faculty Publications

Nearly fifty years ago, some Bedouin shepherds stumbled upon a cache of ancient texts in caves near the Dead Sea, thirteen miles east of Jerusalem.

It soon became clear that this was the largest and most significant collection of manuscripts ever discovered in Palestine.

Finds Included the oldest witnesses to the Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts of Jewish scripture-the Christian Old Testament-along with nonbiblical manuscripts certain to illuminate the tumultuous period of the destruction of the Second Temple and the time of Christ. The singularity of these texts has brought about one of the most protracted and painstaking endeavors of …

An Empirical Test Of The Rational Actor Theory Of Litigation, Donald R. Songer, Charles M. Cameron, Jeffrey A. Segal

Faculty Publications

This article examines the decisions of litigants in criminal cases to appeal decisions from the U.S. Courts of Appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court. Using a random sample of search and seizure cases from 1962 through 1990 and a measure of the likelihood that the appeals court decision will be reversed if cert is granted, we demonstrate that litigants behave as if they rationally consider costs and benefits in their decisions to appeal. Given the extraordinary number of cases decided by lower federal courts vis-g-vis the number of cases the Supreme Court can decide, we argue that such behavior is …

Integrating Reconstructed Scatterometer And Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Data For Tropical Forest Inventory, David G. Long, Perry J. Hardin

Faculty Publications

A scientific effort is currently underway to assess tropical forest degradation and its potential impact on Earth's climate. Because of the large continental regions involved, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery and its derivative vegetation index products with resolutions between 1 and 12 km are typically used to inventory the Earth's equatorial vegetation. Archival AVHRR imagery is also used to obtain a temporal baseline of historical forest extent. Recently however, 50-km Seasat-A Scatterometer (SASS) Ku-band imagery (acquired in 1978) has been reconstructed to = 4-km resolution, making it a supplement to AVHRR imagery for historical vegetation assessment. In order …