Digital Commons Network^™

Nitrogen Transformations In Coal During Pyrolysis, Simon R. Kelemen, Martin L. Gorbaty, P J. Kwiatek, Thomas H. Fletcher, Mathew Watt, Mark S. Solum, Ronald J. Pugmire

Faculty Publications

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to identify and quantify the changes in organically bound nitrogen forms present in the tars and chars of coals after pyrolysis. For fresh coal, pyrrolic nitrogen is the most abundant form of organically bound nitrogen, followed by pyridinic, quaternary, and amino types. Some of the quaternary nitrogen species initially present in coal are lost upon mild pyrolysis, prior to hydrocarbon devolatilization. These quaternary species are attributed to pyridinic or basic nitrogen species associated with hydroxyl groups from carboxylic acids or phenols. A portion of the quaternary nitrogen species is lost at the very earliest …

A Review Of Federal Sentencing Treatises And Periodicals, Michael M. O'Hear

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The First Amendment In Its Third Century: Three Wisconsin Pieces To The Constitutional Puzzle, Peter K. Rofes

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Does The Fda Have Authority To Regulate Human Cloning?, Elizabeth Price Foley, Elizabeth C. Price

Faculty Publications

Examines the FDA's statutory authority to regulate human cloning.

What’S Good For General Motors: Corporate Speech And The Theory Of Free Expression, Howard M. Wasserman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Bankruptcy Review Commission Recommendation On Classification Of Claims In Chapter 11, Scott F. Norberg

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Family Generativity And Generative Counseling: Helping Families Keep Faith With The Next Generation, David C. Dollahite, Brent D. Slife, Alan J. Hawkins

Faculty Publications

Counselors who are concerned with strengthening and healing relationships between generations can draw on the concept of generativity to assist them. This chapter invites counselors to grant a more prominent place for generativity in clinical work with families by (a) presenting the concept of family generativity as a logical extension of the generativity concept and (b) presenting some initial ideas on the new approach to clinical work designed to help families develop and sustain family generativity, which we call generative counseling. Generative counseling is illustrated by use of a clinical example, which is introduced briefly in a subsequent section …

Interlocutory Appeals From Orders Denying Qualified Immunity: Determining The Proper Scope Of Appellate Jurisdiction, Kathryn R. Urbonya

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Hang On To Your Hats! Terry Into The Twenty-First Century, Eric L. Muller

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Measurement Of The He Ground State Lamb Shift Via The Two-Photon 1 1S-2 1S Transition, Scott D. Bergeson, A. Balakrishnan, K. G. H. Baldwin, T. B. Lucatorto, J. P. Marangos, T. J. Mcilrath, T. T. O'Brian, S. L. Rolston, C. J. Sansonetti, Jesse Wen, N. Westbrook, C. H. Cheng, E. E. Eyler

Faculty Publications

We have extended two-photon Doppler-free spectroscopy to the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region, to accurately measure the He 1¹S-2¹S transition at 120 nm. Our result is 4984872315(48) MHz. This yields a ground state Lamb shift of 41104(48) MHz, in fair agreement with theory and other experiments. This approach has the potential for significantly better accuracy once improvements in the laser and the wavelength metrology are implemented.

Is Sound Just Noise, Joshua D. Coval, Tyler Shumway

Faculty Publications

This paper analyzes the information content of the ambient noise level in the Chicago Board of Trade's 30-year Treasury Bond futures trading pit. Controlling for a variety of other variables, including lagged price changes, trading volumes, and news announcements, we find that the sound level conveys information which is highly economically and statistically significant. In particular, we find increases in the sound level precede periods of high price volatility and increased trading volumes. Increases in the sound level also presage the placement of block trades and relative increases in customer-driven trading. Our results add to our understanding of the market …

4qmiscellaneous Fragments: Progress And Problems, Dana M. Pike, Andrew C. Skinner

Faculty Publications

Our comments constitute a preliminary report on our assignment to publish a group of fragments from Cave 4 that are designated 4Q Miscellaneous and Unidentified.

Spanish Diphthongization As A Non-Derivational Phenomenon, David Eddington

Faculty Publications

In a previous study on derivational morphology (Eddington 1996), the alternation between the unstressed mid-vowels /e/ and lo/, and the stressed diphthongs /je/ and /we/ was seen to escape straigh tforward explanation in rule-based a nalyses. Diphthongization in Spanish was instead attributed to the influence of other lexical items which contain the same derivational suffix.

The purpose of the present study is twofold. First, an experiment was carried out to test the validity of the findings of the previous study. Spanish speakers completed a questionn aire in which they decided between neologisms containing mid-vowels or diphthongs (e.g. hielo 'ice'+ -azo …

Measurement Of The T Distribution In Diffractive Photoproduction At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, M. Chiarini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci

Faculty Publications

Photon diffractive dissociation, γp → Xp, has been studied at HERA with the ZEUS detector using ep interactions where the virtuality Q2 of the exchanged photon is smaller than 0.02 GeV2. The squared four-momentum t exchanged at the proton vertex was determined in the range 0.073 < \t\ < 0.40 GeV2 by measuring the scattered proton in the ZEUS Leading Proton Spectrometer. In the photonproton centre-of-mass energy interval 176 < W < 225 GeV and for masses of the dissociated photon system 4 < Mx < 32 GeV, the t distribution has an exponential shape, dN/d\t\ ∝ exp (-b\t\), with a slope parameter b = 6.8 ± 0.9 (stat.) +1.2-1.1 (syst.) GeV-2.

Elastic And Proton-Dissociative Ρ0 Photoproduction At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, M. Chiarini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci

Faculty Publications

Elastic and proton-dissociative ρ0 photoproduction (γp → p0p, γp → ρ0N, respectively, with p0 → π+π-) has been studied in ep interactions at HERA for photon-proton centre-of-mass energies in the range 50 < W < 100 GeV and for |t| < 0.5 GeV2, where t is the square of the four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex; the results on the proton-dissociative reaction are presented for masses of the dissociated proton system in the range M2N < 0.1W2. For the elastic process, the π+π- invariant mass spectrum has been investigated as a function of t. As in fixed target experiments, the ρ0 resonance shape is asymmetric; this asymmetry decreases with increasing |t|, as expected in models in which the asymmetry is ascribed to the interference of resonant and non-resonant π+π- production. The cross section has been studied as a function of W; a fit to the resonant part with the form Wa gives a = 0.16 ± 0.06 (stat.) +0.11-0.15 (syst.). The resonant part of the γp → π+π-p cross section is 11.2 ± 0.1 (stat.) +1.1-1.2 (syst.) μb at 〈W〉 = 71.7 GeV. The t dependence of the cross section can be described by a function of the type Aρ exp (-bρ|t| + cρt2) with bρ = 10.9 ± 0.3 (stat.) +1.0-0.5 (syst.) GeV-2 and cρ = 2.7 ± 0.9 (stat.) +1.9-1.7 (syst.) GeV-4. The t dependence has also been studied as a function of W and a value of the slope of the pomeron trajectory α IP′ = 0.23 ± 0.15 (stat.) +0.10-0.07 (syst.) GeV-2 has been deduced. The ρ0 spin density matrix elements r0400 r041-1 and ℜe[r0410] have been measured and found to be consistent with expectations based on s-channel helicity conservation. For proton-dissociative π+π- photoproduction in the ρ0 mass range, the distributions of the two-pion invariant mass, W and the polar and azimuthal angles of the pions in the helicity frame are the same within errors as those for the elastic process. The t distribution has been fitted to an exponential function with a slope parameter 5.8 ± 0.3 (stat.) ± 0.5 (syst.) GeV-2. The ratio of the elastic to proton-dissociative ρ0 photoproduction cross section is 2.0 ± 0.2 (stat.) ± 0.7 (syst.).

Dijet Cross Sections In Photoproduction At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

Dijet cross sections are presented using photoproduction data obtained with the ZEUS detector during 1994. These measurements represent an extension of previous results, as the higher statistics allow cross sections to be measured at higher jet transverse energy (ETjet). Jets are identified in the hadronic final state using three different algorithms, and the cross sections compared to complete next-to-leading order QCD calculations. Agreement with these calculations is seen for the pseudorapidity dependence of the direct photon events with ETjet > 6 GeV and of the resolved photon events with ETjet > 11 GeV. Calculated cross sections for resolved photon processes with 6 …

Measurement Of Jet Shapes In Photoproduction At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

The shape of jets produced in quasi-real photon-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies in the range 134-277 GeV has been measured using the hadronic energy flow. The measurement was done with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Jets are identified using a cone algorithm in the η - φ plane with a cone radius of one unit. Measured jet shapes both in inclusive jet and dijet production with transverse energies EjetT > 14 GeV are presented. The jet shape broadens as the jet pseudorapidity (ηjet) increases and narrows as EjetT increases. In dijet photoproduction, the jet shapes have been measured separately for samples …

Teaching Law Students Through Individual Learning Styles, Robin A. Boyle, Rita Dunn

Faculty Publications

(Excerpt)

Teaching can be rewarding, but it can also be frustrating when some students fail to grasp the material. Professor Robin A. Boyle of St. John’s University School of Law has been teaching Legal Research and Writing in small sections of approximately twenty to thirty students for four years. She, like many of her similarly exasperated colleagues, has repeated the same course content by using either lecture or collaborative learning, and has observed some students doing well, whereas others continued to perform poorly. Then, Dr. Rita Dunn was introduced to the law school faculty and suggested that law professors incorporate …

All Or Nothing, Or Maybe Cooperation: Attorney General Power, Conduct, And Judgment In Relation To The Work Of An Independent Counsel, John Q. Barrett

Faculty Publications

This Article considers the allocation of power under the independent counsel law between the Attorney General along with the Department of Justice and the independent counsel whose appointment the Attorney General has triggered. Although the law explicitly transfers much of an Attorney General's lawful power to an independent counsel, it does not go far enough in reallocating that power. Thus, it leaves a fundamental gap between what the current statute purports independent counsel to be and what it actually empowers independent counsel to accomplish. After an introduction in Part I, Part II of this article reviews the current legal provisions, …

Deciding The Stop And Frisk Cases: A Look Inside The Supreme Court's Conference, John Q. Barrett

Faculty Publications

In our system of constitutional decision-making, the Supreme Court makes law as an institution in its formal written opinions. The Court and its individual members make their official legal marks in the printed pages of the United States Reports. In June 1968, in Terry v. Ohio and Sibron v. New York, the two decisions that approved the constitutionality under the Fourth Amendment of police stop and frisk practices, the Court filled many official pages with rich discussion. Over the ensuing thirty years, these Court and individual opinions have shaped the course of constitutional analysis in our courts and guided the …

State Of Ohio V. Richard D. Chilton And State Of Ohio V. John W. Terry: The Suppression Hearing And Trial Transcripts, John Q. Barrett

Faculty Publications

This appendix to Deciding the Stop and Frisk Cases: A Look Inside the Supreme Court’s Conference, 72 St. John’s L. Rev. 749 (1998), includes Biographical Information on the Participants in the Case; and transcripts of the complete pretrial and trial proceedings in the 1964 criminal prosecutions of Richard Chilton and John Terry, arranged by Prof. Barrett to create the organization reflected in the Table of Contents at the beginning of the appendix. Footnotes were added to provide citations and, in a few instances, to clarify the text. Bracketed material was added to correct obvious slips of the tongue or the …

Resurrecting The Dodo: The Unfortunate Re-Emergence Of The Puffery Defense In Private Securities Actions, Jennifer O'Hare

Faculty Publications

The conventional wisdom is that the puffery defense is inapplicable in securities regulation. However, appellate courts in almost every federal circuit have recently used the puffery defense to dismiss private securities fraud actions that were based on vague statements of corporate optimism. This Article demonstrates that the courts have misused the puffery defense and have improperly insulated companies from liability for their misrepresentations. It contends that the assumptions justifying the use of the puffery defense are not present in securities transactions and that the federal securities laws have expressly rejected the very doctrine underlying the puffery defense-caveat emptor. Arguing that …

Measurement Of The Diffractive Structure Function FD(4)2 At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, M. Chiarini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci

Faculty Publications

This paper presents the first analysis of diffractive photon dissociation events in deep inelastic positron-proton scattering at HERA in which the proton in the final state is detected and its momentum measured. The events are selected by requiring a scattered proton in the ZEUS leading proton spectrometer (LPS) with xL > 0.97, where xL is the fraction of the incoming proton beam momentum carried by the scattered proton. The use of the LPS significantly reduces the contamination from events with diffractive dissociation of the proton into low mass states and allows a direct measurement of t, the square of the four-momentum …

Bias And The Probability Of Generalization, Tony R. Martinez, D. Randall Wilson

Faculty Publications

In order to be useful, a learning algorithm must be able to generalize well when faced with inputs not previously presented to the system. A bias is necessary for any generalization, and as shown by several researchers in recent years, no bias can lead to strictly better generalization than any other when summed over all possible functions or applications. This paper provides examples to illustrate this fact, but also explains how a bias or learning algorithm can be “better” than another in practice when the probability of the occurrence of functions is taken into account. It shows how domain knowledge …

Unfolding Of The Period-Two Bifurcation In A Fiber Laser Pumped With Two Modulation Tones, Scott Glasgow, T. C. Newell, A. Gavrielides, V. Kovanis, D. Sukow, T. Erneux

Faculty Publications

The effect of a small second frequency component on a pump modulated neodymium fiber laser is investigated experimentally and theoretically. This term, whose frequency is exactly half the primary driver, incites an unfolding of the attractor. It breaks the period two pitchfork bifurcation and splits the period one orbit. The modification of the bifurcation diagram is studied analytically by employing a map derived from the class B laser rate equations. We determine specific conditions and scaling laws for this phenomenon. Our analytical predictions are in good agreement with recorded experimental data.

Local Data Assimilation In Specification Of Open Boundary Conditions, Igor Shulman

Faculty Publications

A data assimilation approach to specify open boundary conditions is proposed. The boundary values are determined from the solution of the special optimization problem: minimization of the difference between the model and reference boundary values under the integral constraints on the open boundary. These constraints represent the energy, momentum, and mass fluxes through the open boundary. Reference values represent the a priori knowledge about the boundary values. They might be derived from observations, results of another model run, or from another approach to the specification of open boundary conditions. Optimized open boundary conditions are presented in detail for the barotropic …

Pant-Legs And Pathology: The Marriage Of Individual And Family Assessment, Steven M. Harris, Dean M. Busby

Faculty Publications

Bowen family systems theory suggests that individuals who report high levels of individual pathology will also report having been raised in families characterized by high conflict and low adaptability. Combining individual and family assessment measures, or using one type of measure to understand the results of the other may be possible through the application of systems theory. Therapeutic implications of the study reported here indicate that practitioners should consider the value of focusing on family of origin processes before a primary focus on isolated traumatic events guides the direction of therapy.

A Search For Excited Fermions In E+P Collisions At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, I. Gialas, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

Using the ZEUS detector at HERA, we have searched for heavy excited states of electrons, neutrinos, and quarks in e+p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 300 GeV. With an integrated luminosity of 9.4 pb-1, no evidence was found for electroweak production and decay of such states. Limits on the production cross section times branching ratio and on the characteristic couplings, f/Λ, are derived for masses up to 250 GeV. For the particular choice f/Λ = 1/Mf*, we exclude at the 95% confidence level excited electrons with mass between 30 and 200 GeV, excited electron neutrinos with mass between 40 …

A 110,000‐Year History Of Change In Continental Biogenic Emissions And Related Atmospheric Circulation Inferred From The Greenland Ice Sheet Project Ice Core, L. David Meeker, Paul A. Mayewski, Mark S. Twickler, Sallie I. Whitlow, Debra A. Meese

Faculty Publications

The 110,000‐year record of ammonium concentrations from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core provides the basis for an analysis of terrestrial biological production and atmospheric circulation patterns involved in the transport of biologically produced ammonium to the Greenland atmosphere. The directly measured concentration series was selected for analysis, rather than that of estimated ammonium flux, after a detailed analysis of the relationship among ice core glaciochemical concentrations and a high‐resolution simultaneous record of snow accumulation from the GISP2 core. Analysis of the ammonium concentration series shows that maxima in background levels of ammonium in the Greenland atmosphere …

Volcanic Aerosol Records And Tephrochronology Of The Summit, Greenland, Ice Cores, Gregory A. Zielinski, Paul A. Mayewski, L. David Meeker, Karl Gronvold, Mark S. Germani, Sallie I. Whitlow, Mark S. Twickler, Kendrick C. Taylor

Faculty Publications

The recently collected Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) and Greenland Ice Core Project ice cores from Summit, Greenland, provide lengthy and highly resolved records of the deposition of both the aerosol (H2SO4) and silicate (tephra) components of past volcanism. Both types of data are very beneficial in developing the hemispheric to global chronology of explosive volcanism and evaluating the entire volcanism‐climate system. The continuous time series of volcanic SO42− for the last 110,000 years show a strong relationship between periods of increased volcanism and periods of climatic change. The greatest number of volcanic SO42− signals, many of very high …