Digital Commons Network^™

Shifting The Focus From The Myth Of "The Vanishing Trial" To Complex Conflict Management Systems, Or I Learned Almost Everything I Need To Know About Conflict Resolution From Marc Galanter, John M. Lande

Faculty Publications

To say that The Vanishing Trial is a myth is not to suggest that the facts or analysis in Professor Marc Galanter's seminal report on the vanishing trial are fictional or inaccurate. Indeed, he marshals a massive amount of data to show that the number of trials and the trial rates have been declining for the past four decades, particularly in the federal courts. The report documents an apparent paradox: the proportion of cases going to trial has dropped sharply during the past forty years despite substantial increases in many other legal indicators including the number of lawyers, the number …

Democracy And Dispute Resolution: Systems Design And The New Workplace, Richard C. Reuben

Faculty Publications

There has been growing discussion in law reviews and business journals about the so-called new workplace, which is distinguished from the old, in part, by greater employee mobility and job flexibility. This article extends that discussion by exploring the implications of the new workplace for the design of dispute resolution systems. In particular, it argues that the structure and values of the new workplace correspond to the essential values of democratic governance, and that dispute resolution should be integrated into the new workplace in a way that enhances rather than diminishes these core democratic values. As I have articulated in …

Differential Dna Binding And Protection By Dimeric And Dodecameric Forms Of The Ferritin Homolog Dps From Deinococcus Radiodurans, Anne Grove, Steven P. Wilkinson

Faculty Publications

Bacterial iron storage proteins such as ferritin serve as intracellular iron reserves. Members of the DNA protection during starvation (Dps) family of proteins are structurally related to ferritins, and their function is to protect the genome from iron-induced free radical damage. Some members of the Dps family bind DNA and are thought to do so only as fully assembled dodecamers. We present the cloning and characterization of a Dps homolog encoded by the radiation-resistant eubacterium Deinococcus radiodurans and show that DNA binding does not require its assembly into a dodecamer. D. radiodurans Dps-1, the product of gene DR2263, adopts a …

Prioritized Multiplicative Schwarz Procedures For Solving Linear Systems, Nathaniel Powell, Kevin Seppi, Quinn O. Snell, David Wingate

Faculty Publications

We describe a new algorithm designed to quickly and robustly solve general linear problems of the form Ax = b. We describe both serial and parallel versions of the algorithm, which can be considered a prioritized version of an Alternating Multiplicative Schwarz procedure. We also adopt a general view of alternating Multiplicative Schwarz procedures which motivates their use on arbitrary problems (even which may not have arisen from problems that are naturally decomposable) by demonstrating that, even in a serial context, algorithms should use many, many partitions to accelerate convergence; having such an over-partitioned system also allows easy parallelization of …

A Matter Of Life And Death, William E. Richardson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Core Principles For Effective Banking Supervision: An Enforceable International Financial Standard?, Duncan E. Alford

Faculty Publications

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision serves as an international forum to discuss international bank supervision issues. Because of the gravity and frequency of banking crises since the demise of the Bretton Woods System in the early 1970s, international financial standards have emerged as a method to minimize these crises. In 1998, the Basel Committee issued a comprehensive standard on bank super vision that built upon its work over the previous two and a half decades. In this Article, the author analyzes this comprehensive standard the Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision-and assesses its implementation in the European Union, the …

"Eating" And "Drinking" In The Book Of Revelation: A Study Of New Testament Thought And Theolgy, Gerald Klingbeil

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Should Liability Play A Role In The Social Control Of Biobanks?, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Federal Government Lawyer's Duty To Breach Confidentiality, James E. Moliterno

Faculty Publications

The lawyer's duty of confidentiality springs from the lawyer-client relationship and its parameters are determined by the nature of that relationship. The federal government lawyer's client is like no other. The uniqueness of representing the United States calls for a unique approach to the duty of confidentiality. Unlike the private individual client, the government as a client does not speak with a single, unmistakable voice. Unlike the private entity client, the federal government has a paramount interest in the public good, including the public's right to know about government (the entity's conduct), especially its misconduct. The result is a client …

Prevention Research Centers: Contributions To Updating The Public Health Workforce Through Training, Adele L. Franks, Ross C. Brownson, Carol Bryant, Kelli Mccormack Brown, Steven P. Hooker, Delores M. Pluto, Dennis M. Shepard, Russell R. Pate, Elizabeth A. Baker, Kathleen N. Gillespie, Terry L. Leet, Margret A. O'Neall, Eduardo J. Simoes

Faculty Publications

Because public health is a continually evolving field, it is essential to provide ample training opportunities for public health professionals. As a natural outgrowth of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Prevention Research Centers Program, training courses of many types have been developed for public health practitioners working in the field. This article describes three of the Prevention Research Center training program offerings: Evidence-Based Public Health, Physical Activity and Public Health for Practitioners, and Social Marketing. These courses illustrate the commitment of the Prevention Research Centers Program to helping create a better trained public health workforce, thereby enhancing the …

Investigating Schedule Slippage, James V. Monaco, Edward D. White

Faculty Publications

Past research shows that schedule slippage within the acquisition community often adversely affects the cost and performance characteristics within a program. To minimize the risk of underestimating schedule growth, a program manager needs a reliable initial schedule estimate. Statistical models can provide such estimates; however, they require accurate historical data and predictive drivers. Many archival studies have investigated potential drivers of schedule growth. In this article, we review several of those studies that investigated schedule slippage and highlight common potential drivers of schedule growth, ending with a list of variables for estimators to consider for incorporating into future predictive models.

Extremal Entanglement For Triqubit Pure States, Feng Pan, Dan Liu, Guoying Lu, J. P. Draayer

Faculty Publications

A complete analysis of entangled triqubit pure states is carried out based on a new simple entanglement measure. An analysis of all possible extremally entangled pure triqubit states with up to eight terms is shown to reduce, with the help of SLOCC transformations, to three distinct types. The analysis presented are most helpful for finding different entanglement types in multipartite pure state systems. © 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Reviewed Work: The Parable Of The Plums By Brian Fleming, Raymond Keane, Bisi Adigun, Matthew Spangler

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Single Photons On Demand From 3d Photonic Band-Gap Structures, Marian Florescu, S. Scheel, H. Häffner, H. Lee, D. Strekalov, P. L. Knight, J. P. Dowling

Faculty Publications

We describe a practical implementation of a (semi-deterministic) photon gun based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage pumping and the strong enhancement of the photonic density of states in a photonic band-gap material. We show that this device allows deterministic and unidirectional production of single photons with a high repetition rate of the order of 100 kHz. We also discuss specific 3D photonic micro-structure architectures in which our model can be realized and the feasibility of implementing such a device using Er3+ ions that produce single photons at the telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 μm. © EDP Sciences.

Consistent And Mimetic Discretizations In General Relativity, Cayetano Di Bartolo, Rodolfo Gambini, Jorge Pullin

Faculty Publications

A discretization of a continuum theory with constraints or conserved quantities is called mimetic if it mirrors the conserved laws or constraints of the continuum theory at the discrete level. Such discretizations have been found useful in continuum mechanics and in electromagnetism. We have recently introduced a new technique for discretizing constrained theories. The technique yields discretizations that are consistent, in the sense that the constraints and evolution equations can be solved simultaneously, but it cannot be considered mimetic since it achieves consistency by determining the Lagrange multipliers. In this paper we would like to show that when applied to …

Sea Ice Mapping Method For Seawinds, David G. Long, Hyrum S. Anderson

Faculty Publications

A sea ice mapping algorithm for SeaWinds is developed that incorporates statistical and spatial a priori information in a modified maximum a posteriori (MAP) framework. Spatial a priori data are incorporated in the loss terms of a Bayes risk formulation. Conditional distributions and priors for sea ice and ocean statistics are represented as empirical histograms that are forced to conform to a set of expected histograms via principal component filtering. Tuning parameters for the algorithm allow adjustments in the algorithm's performance. Results of the algorithm exhibit high correlation with the Remund-Long sea ice mapping algorithm for SeaWinds and the Special …

Universal Service: Problems, Solutions, And Responsive Policies, Allen S. Hammond Iv

Faculty Publications

Affordable access to telecommunications networks is extremely important to all Americans. The federal universal service policy is critical to ensuring affordable access for low income Americans and those living in rural and high cost areas, and on tribal lands. Consequently the nation’s commitment to preserving universal service has been longstanding and continues to this day.

While reform of the telecommunications universal service policy is clearly warranted, ignoring the impact of IP-enabled intermodal competition is counterproductive. In an era of IP-enabled convergence, ultimately, proposals and policies that solely focus on one technology platform will be less successful. Too often they will …

Design And Simulation Of A Permanent-Magnet Electromagnetic Aircraft Launcher, Dean Patterson, Antonello Monti, Charles W. Brice, Roger A. Dougal, Robert O. Pettus, Srinivas Dhulipala, Dilip Chandra Kovuri, Tiziana Bertoncelli

Faculty Publications

This paper describes the basic design, refinement, and verification using finite-element analysis, and operational simulation using the Virtual Test Bed, of a linear machine for an electromagnetic aircraft launcher, for the aircraft carrier of the future. Choices of basic machine format and procedures for determining basic dimensions are presented. A detailed design for a permanent-magnet version is presented, and wound-field coil and induction machine versions are briefly discussed. The long armature-short field geometry is justified, and in particular the impact of this geometry on the scale of the power electronic drive system is examined.

Study And Design Of A Capacitively Coupled Polymeric Internal Antenna, Khan M.Z. Shams, Mohammod Ali

Faculty Publications

A capacitively coupled polymeric internal antenna is introduced for Bluetooth or GPS applications. Such an antenna can be easily fabricated on a flexible film substrate and attached to the inside surface of the plastic housing of a portable wireless device; such as a PDA. The proposed antenna saves critical space on the printed circuit board (PCB) and eliminates the need for a vertical contact feed. Thus manufacturing is also simplified and cost is reduced. Practical examples of utilizing such a concept for Bluetooth (2.45 GHz) and GPS (1.575 GHz) applications are provided. The antenna system requires a small coupling plate …

Christian Environmentalism: Cosmos, Community, And Place, John R. Wood, Janel Curry, Steven C. Bouma-Prediger, Mark Bjelland, Susan P. Bratton

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

New Bounds For Randomized Busing, Steven S. Seiden, Peter P. Chen, R. F. Lax, J. Chen, Guoli Ding

Faculty Publications

We consider anonymous secure communication, where parties not only wish to conceal their communications from outside observers, but also wish to conceal the very fact that they are communicating. We consider the bus framework introduced by Beimel and Dolev (J. Cryptology 16 (2003) 25), where messages are delivered by a bus traveling on a random walk. We generalize this idea to consider more than one bus. We show that if w buses are allowed, then the expected delivery time for a message can be decreased from Θ(n) to Θ(n/w) in the case of a complete graph. Additionally, we introduce a …

The Detection Efficiency Of Artm Cpm In Aeronautical Telemetry, Michael D. Rice, Erik Perrins

Faculty Publications

ARTM CPM is a partial response, two-index continuous-phase modulation that was adopted as a standard in IRIG 106-04 for aeronautical telemetry. This waveform was selected because it achieves approximately three times the spectral efficiency of PCM/FM. However, the optimum receiver requires 128 real-valued matched filters and keeps track of the waveform state with a trellis of 512 states and 2048 branches. Various complexity reducing techniques are applied and the resulting loss in detection efficiency is quantified. It is shown that the full 512-state trellis is not required to achieve the desired detection efficiency: two different 32-state configurations were found to …

Pam Representation Of Ternary Continuous Phase Modulation, Michael D. Rice, Erik Perrins

Faculty Publications

It is well-known that binary continuous phase modulation (CPM) waveforms can be exactly represented as a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) waveforms. This has also been shown for nonbinary CPM waveforms with even-sized symbol alphabets. In this paper we show how this is also accomplished for ternary CPM waveforms. We focus the development on signals with shorter frequency pulses, since these cases have the most practical value in designing reduced-complexity detectors. However, we also show the pattern by which these results can be extended to arbitrary frequency pulse durations and also to arbitrary odd-sized symbol alphabets, although little practical value is …

Managing The Initial Job Interview: Smile, Schmooze, And Get Hired?, Clive Muir

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Resonant Transmission Near Nonrobust Periodic Slab Modes, Stephen P. Shipman, Stephanos Venakides

Faculty Publications

We present a precise theoretical explanation and prediction of certain resonant peaks and dips in the electromagnetic transmission coefficient of periodically structured slabs in the presence of nonrobust guided slab modes. We also derive the leading asymptotic behavior of the related phenomenon of resonant enhancement near the guided mode. The theory applies to structures in which losses are negligible and to very general geometries of the unit cell. It is based on boundary-integral representations of the electromagnetic fields. These depend on the frequency and on the Bloch wave vector and provide a complex-analytic connection in these parameters between generalized scattering …

Fast And Robust Incremental Action Prediction For Interactive Agents, Jonathan Dinerstein, Parris K. Egbert, Dan A. Ventura

Faculty Publications

The ability for a given agent to adapt on-line to better interact with another agent is a difficult and important problem. This problem becomes even more difficult when the agent to interact with is a human, since humans learn quickly and behave non-deterministically. In this paper we present a novel method whereby an agent can incrementally learn to predict the actions of another agent (even a human), and thereby can learn to better interact with that agent. We take a case-based approach, where the behavior of the other agent is learned in the form of state-action pairs. We generalize these …

Microwave Backscatter Modeling Of Erg Surfaces In The Sahara Desert, David G. Long, Haroon Stephen

Faculty Publications

The Sahara desert includes large expanses of sand dunes called ergs. These dunes are formed and constantly reshaped by prevailing winds. Previous study shows that Saharan ergs exhibit significant radar backscatter (σ˚) modulation with azimuth angle (∅). We use σ˚ measurements observed at various incidence angles and ∅ from the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT), the SeaWinds scatterometer, the ERS scatterometer (ESCAT), and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's Precipitation Radar to model the σ˚ response from sand dunes. Observations reveal a characteristic relationship between the backscatter modulation and the dune type, i.e., the number and orientation of the dune slopes. Sand dunes …

Ponazuril Inhibits The Development Of Eimeria Vermiformis In Experimentally Infected Outbred Swiss Mice, S. A. Billeter, J. A. Spencer, Bill Chobotar, B. L. Blagburn

Faculty Publications

We evaluated a 15% paste formulation of ponazuril in outbred Swiss mice that were experimentally infected with Eimeria vermiformis. Thirty, 8-week-old female mice (approximately 20 g) were placed in one group of 10 mice and one group of 20 mice. Mice in both groups were gavaged with approximately 5,000 sporulated oocysts of E. vermiformis on day 0. Mice in group 2 (n=10) were treated orally on days 3 and 4 with ponazuril (suspended in 30% propylene glycol) at the rate of 20 mg/kg. Mice in group 1 (n=20) were gavaged with a similar volume of 30% propylene glycol. Rates of …

A Virtual Environment For Remote Testing Of Complex Systems, Loredana Cristaldi, Alessandro Ferrero, Antonello Monti, Ferdinanda Ponci, William Mckay, Roger A. Dougal

Faculty Publications

Complex systems, realized by integration of several components or subsystems, pose specific problems to simulation environments. It is, in fact, desirable to simulate the complex system altogether, and not component by component, since the operation of the single part depends on the surrounding system and an early verification can prevent damages and save time for modifications. The availability of detailed and validated models of the single parts is therefore critical. This task may be difficult to achieve. In fact, in industrial applications, where a system can be a mix of different devices produced by different manufacturers, the physical device may …

A New Blind Method For Detecting Novel Steganography, Brent T. Mcbride, Gilbert L. Peterson, Steven C. Gustafson

Faculty Publications

Steganography is the art of hiding a message in plain sight. Modern steganographic tools that conceal data in innocuous-looking digital image files are widely available. The use of such tools by terrorists, hostile states, criminal organizations, etc., to camouflage the planning and coordination of their illicit activities poses a serious challenge. Most steganography detection tools rely on signatures that describe particular steganography programs. Signature-based classifiers offer strong detection capabilities against known threats, but they suffer from an inability to detect previously unseen forms of steganography. Novel steganography detection requires an anomaly-based classifier. This paper describes and demonstrates a blind classification …