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Reading Between The Lines To See Into The Past, David A. Ray, Roy N. Platt, Mark A. Batzer Nov 2009

Reading Between The Lines To See Into The Past, David A. Ray, Roy N. Platt, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

Transposable elements (TEs) are an important source of genome diversity and play a crucial role in genome evolution. A recent study by Zhao et al. describes novel patterns of TE diversification in the genome of the extinct mammoth Mammuthus primigenius. Analysis of Mammuthus has provided a unique genome landscape, a pivotal species for understanding TEs and genome evolution and hints at the diversity we verge on discovering by expanding our taxonomic sampling among genomes. Strategies based on this work might also revolutionize investigations of the interface between TE dynamics and genome diversity. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Timing Of Migration And Patterns Of Winter Settlement By Henslow's Sparrows, Erik I. Johnson, Jennifer K. Dimiceli, Philip C. Stouffer Nov 2009

Timing Of Migration And Patterns Of Winter Settlement By Henslow's Sparrows, Erik I. Johnson, Jennifer K. Dimiceli, Philip C. Stouffer

Faculty Publications

Fall arrival is an important period in the life history of migratory birds because processes during this period determine where birds spend the winter, which is linked to subsequent survival and condition at the time of spring migration. Henslow's Sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii) winter in savannas of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), but their secretive behavior limits our knowledge of their winter ecology, including behavioral processes that lead to their documented preference of an ephemeral habitat-recently burned savannas. We expected that upon arrival Henslow's Sparrows actively seek out recently burned savannas and that their over-winter location is dependent on intraspecific interactions during …

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Consumer Interest In Corporate Law, David Yosifon Nov 2009

Consumer Interest In Corporate Law, David Yosifon

Faculty Publications

This Article provides a comprehensive assessment of the consumer interest in dominant theories of the corporation and in the fundamental doctrines of corporate law. In so doing, the Article fills a void in contemporary corporate law scholarship, which has failed to give sustained attention to consumers in favor of exploring the interests of other corporate stakeholders, especially shareholders, creditors, and workers. Utilizing insights derived from the law and behavioralism movement, this Article examines, in particular, the limitations of the shareholder primacy norm at the heart of prevailing "nexus of contracts" and "team production" theories of the firm. The Article concludes …

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Predicting Gull/Human Conflicts With Mathematical Models: A Tool For Management, James L. Hayward, Shandelle M. Henson, Richard D. Tkachuck, Cynthia M. Tkachuck, Brianna G. Payne, Cassaundra K. Boothby Nov 2009

Predicting Gull/Human Conflicts With Mathematical Models: A Tool For Management, James L. Hayward, Shandelle M. Henson, Richard D. Tkachuck, Cynthia M. Tkachuck, Brianna G. Payne, Cassaundra K. Boothby

Faculty Publications

Gulls are highly adaptable animals that thrive in proximity to humans. Although gulls enjoy legal protection in North America, England, and Europe, they often conflict with human interests by spreading disease, transporting contaminants, fouling public areas with droppings, and colliding with aircraft. Of particular concern are aggregates of " loafing" gulls that gather on parking lots, rooftops, and airport runways. Loafing in birds is a general state of immobility that involves behaviors such as sleeping, sitting, standing, resting, preening, and defecating. The ability to predict the incidence of aggregated loafing provides a first step toward the amelioration of bird/human conflicts. …

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Failure To Ferment Dietary Resistant Starch In Specific Mouse Models Of Obesity Results In No Body Fat Loss, June Zhou, Roy J. Martin, Richard T. Tulley, Anne M. Raggio, Li Shen, Elizabeth Lissy, Kathleen Mccutcheon, Michael J. Keenan Oct 2009

Failure To Ferment Dietary Resistant Starch In Specific Mouse Models Of Obesity Results In No Body Fat Loss, June Zhou, Roy J. Martin, Richard T. Tulley, Anne M. Raggio, Li Shen, Elizabeth Lissy, Kathleen Mccutcheon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

Resistant starch (RS) is a fermentable fiber that decreases dietary energy density and results in fermentation in the lower gut. The current studies examined the effect of RS on body fat loss in mice. In a 12 week study (study 1), the effect of two different types of RS on body fat was compared with two control diets (0% RS) in C57Bl/6J mice: regular control diet or the control diet that had energy density equal to that of the RS diet (EC). All testing diets had 7% (w/w) dietary fat. In a 16 week study (study 2), the effect of …

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Why We Don't Understand The Rule Of Law, Noel B. Reynolds Oct 2009

Why We Don't Understand The Rule Of Law, Noel B. Reynolds

Faculty Publications

This paper presents an assessment of current theories of law and their continuing failure to account in a convincing way for the rule of law as an ideal that guides and reassures modern democratic societies. It then explores the possibility that emerging understandings of human evolution and brain function may help us understand the process of convention making in a way that could reveal the underlying moral and epistemological context of law and allow us to identify a complete set of standards for the rule of law in human societies.

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An Intertidal Sea Star Adjusts Thermal Inertia To Avoid Extreme Body Temperatures, Sylvain Pincebourde, Eric Sanford, Brian Helmuth Oct 2009

An Intertidal Sea Star Adjusts Thermal Inertia To Avoid Extreme Body Temperatures, Sylvain Pincebourde, Eric Sanford, Brian Helmuth

Faculty Publications

The body temperature of ectotherms is influenced by the interaction of abiotic conditions, morphology, and behavior. Although organisms living in different thermal habitats may exhibit morphological plasticity or move from unfavorable locations, there are few examples of animals adjusting their thermal properties in response to short-term changes in local conditions. Here, we show that the intertidal sea star Pisaster ochraceus modulates its thermal inertia in response to prior thermal exposure. After exposure to high body temperature at low tide, sea stars increase the amount of colder than-air fluid in their coelomic cavity when submerged during high tide, resulting in a …

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It's Time To Check The Nets: Research And Conservation Of Rafinesque Big-Eared Bats In East Texas, Christopher E. Comer Oct 2009

It's Time To Check The Nets: Research And Conservation Of Rafinesque Big-Eared Bats In East Texas, Christopher E. Comer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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In Situ Measurements Of Saltwater Flux Through Tidal Passes Of Lake Pontchartrain Estuary By Hurricanes Gustav And Ike In September 2008, Chunyan Li, Eddie Weeks, Joao L. Rego Oct 2009

In Situ Measurements Of Saltwater Flux Through Tidal Passes Of Lake Pontchartrain Estuary By Hurricanes Gustav And Ike In September 2008, Chunyan Li, Eddie Weeks, Joao L. Rego

Faculty Publications

Storm surge induced saltwater flux through multiple inlets has never been documented. This article reports in situ measurements of saltwater flux through major tidal passes by two consecutive storm surges impacting Lake Pontchartrain estuary in Louisiana during the first two weeks in September 2008. The main peak of inward saltwater flux lasted for 1.9 days during the flood, followed by more than 8 days of outward salt flux. The salt flux rate reached close to 200 tons/sec through the northern channel and 16 tons/sec through the southern channel. Outward flux of salt during Gustav amounted to more than 16 million …

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Nil: The Value Of Patents In A Major Crisis Such As An Influenza Pandemic, Dennis D. Crouch Oct 2009

Nil: The Value Of Patents In A Major Crisis Such As An Influenza Pandemic, Dennis D. Crouch

Faculty Publications

This essay focuses on the role of patents in relation to a potential global crisis such as an influenza pandemic or other public health crisis. I argue that patent rights will be largely ignored during an epidemic and that any post-crisis compensation would likely be low when compared to traditional patent rewards or settlements entered under threat of injunctive relief. In some situations, such as use of a patented invention by a state or local government, a patentee may have no recourse. Part III of the essay raises a separate issue that stems from the relatively long time frame for …

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From Privacy To Liberty: The Fourth Amendment After Lawrence, Thomas P. Crocker Oct 2009

From Privacy To Liberty: The Fourth Amendment After Lawrence, Thomas P. Crocker

Faculty Publications

This Article explores a conflict between the protections afforded interpersonal relations in Lawrence v. Texas and the vulnerability experienced under the Fourth Amendment by individuals who share their lives with others. Under the Supreme Court's third-party doctrine, we have no constitutionally protected expectation of privacy in what we reveal to other persons. The effect of this doctrine is to leave many aspects of ordinary life shared in the company of others constitutionally unprotected. In an increasingly socially networked world, the Fourth Amendment may fail to protect precisely those liberties-to live in the company of others free from state surveillance and …

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The Impact Of News Coverage On Conflict: Toward Greater Understanding, Richard C. Reuben Oct 2009

The Impact Of News Coverage On Conflict: Toward Greater Understanding, Richard C. Reuben

Faculty Publications

This article develops an approach for the empirical study of the news media’s impact on the conflict that it covers. While mass communications research has studied how the news media covers conflict, it has not taken the next step of assessing the impact of that coverage. This article contends that such an inquiry is necessarily an inter-disciplinary task, and joins conflict theory with mass communications research to identify the kinds of questions that may be empirically tested to determine whether the news media is having a constructive or destructive effect on the conflict that it covers.

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Is Novelty Obsolete? Chronicling The Irrelevance Of The Invention Date In U.S. Patent Law, Dennis D. Crouch Oct 2009

Is Novelty Obsolete? Chronicling The Irrelevance Of The Invention Date In U.S. Patent Law, Dennis D. Crouch

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a normative study of patent applicant use of invention-date rights during ex parte prosecution.

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Encoding Properties Of Auditory Neurons In The Brain Of A Soniferous Damselfish: Response To Simple Tones And Complex Conspecific Signals, Karen P. Maruska, Timothy C. Tricas Oct 2009

Encoding Properties Of Auditory Neurons In The Brain Of A Soniferous Damselfish: Response To Simple Tones And Complex Conspecific Signals, Karen P. Maruska, Timothy C. Tricas

Faculty Publications

The fish auditory system encodes important acoustic stimuli used in social communication, but few studies have examined response properties of central auditory neurons to natural signals. We determined the features and responses of single hindbrain and midbrain auditory neurons to tone bursts and playbacks of conspecific sounds in the soniferous damselfish, Abudefduf abdominalis. Most auditory neurons were either silent or had slow irregular resting discharge rates ~130 Hz but ranged from 80 to 400 Hz with strong phase-locking. This low-frequency sensitivity matches the frequency band of natural sounds. Auditory neurons were also modulated by playbacks of conspecific sounds with thresholds …

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Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress And Cytotoxicity In Airway Epithelial Cells, Baher Fahmy, Stephania A. Cormier Oct 2009

Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress And Cytotoxicity In Airway Epithelial Cells, Baher Fahmy, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

Metal oxide nanoparticles are often used as industrial catalysts and elevated levels of these particles have been clearly demonstrated at sites surrounding factories. To date, limited toxicity data on metal oxide nanoparticles are available. To understand the impact of these airborne pollutants on the respiratory system, airway epithelial (HEp-2) cells were exposed to increasing doses of silicon oxide (SiO2), ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, the leading metal oxides found in ambient air surrounding factories. CuO induced the greatest amount of cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner; while even high doses (400 μg/cm2) of SiO2 and Fe2O3 were non-toxic …

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Versatile Reactive Navigation, Robert P. Burton, Luther A. Tychonievich, Louis P. Tychonievich Oct 2009

Versatile Reactive Navigation, Robert P. Burton, Luther A. Tychonievich, Louis P. Tychonievich

Faculty Publications

Most autonomous mobile agents operate in a highly constrained environment. Despite significant research, existing solutions are limited in their ability to handle heterogeneous constraints within highly dynamic or uncertain environments. This paper presents a novel maneuver selection technique suited for both 2D and 3D environments with highly dynamic maneuvering constraints and multiple mobile obstacles. Agents may have any arbitrary set of nonholonomic control variables; maneuvers can be constrained by a broad class of function inequalities, including time-dependent constraints involving nonlinear relationships between controlled and agent-state variables. The resulting algorithm has been implemented to run in real time using only a …

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Understanding Pleading Doctrine, A. Benjamin Spencer Oct 2009

Understanding Pleading Doctrine, A. Benjamin Spencer

Faculty Publications

Where does pleading doctrine, at the federal level, stand today? The Supreme Court's revision of general pleading standards in Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly has not left courts and litigants with a clear or precise understanding of what it takes to state a claim that can survive a motion to dismiss. Claimants are required to show "plausible entitlement to relief" by offering enough facts "to raise a right to relief above the speculative level." Translating those admonitions into predictable and consistent guidelines has proven illusory. This Article proposes a descriptive theory that explains the fundaments of contemporary pleading doctrine in …

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Equal Accountability Through Tort Law, Jason M. Solomon Oct 2009

Equal Accountability Through Tort Law, Jason M. Solomon

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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“A Space For Myself To Go:” Early Patterns In Small Ya Spaces, Anthony Bernier Oct 2009

“A Space For Myself To Go:” Early Patterns In Small Ya Spaces, Anthony Bernier

Faculty Publications

While young adults (teenagers) are routinely recognized as constituting nearly 25 percent of the nation's public library users, the vast majority of libraries devote more space and design attention to restrooms than to young people. Worse, there are currently no consistent or established metrics, no evaluation criteria, few conceptual standards of best practices, and little consistency in the methods by which we collect empirical evidence about young adult (YA) spaces. This study is the first systematic attempt to both collect and analyze empirical data on libraries' recent trend toward providing greater spatial equity for YA library service.

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Livecut: Learning-Based Interactive Video Segmentation By Evaluation Of Multiple Propagated Cues, Bryan S. Morse, Brian L. Price, Scott Cohen Oct 2009

Livecut: Learning-Based Interactive Video Segmentation By Evaluation Of Multiple Propagated Cues, Bryan S. Morse, Brian L. Price, Scott Cohen

Faculty Publications

Video sequences contain many cues that may be used to segment objects in them, such as color, gradient, color adjacency, shape, temporal coherence, camera and object motion, and easily-trackable points. This paper introduces LIVEcut, a novel method for interactively selecting objects in video sequences by extracting and leveraging as much of this information as possible. Using a graph-cut optimization framework, LIVEcut propagates the selection forward frame by frame, allowing the user to correct any mistakes along the way if needed. Enhanced methods of extracting many of the features are provided. In order to use the most accurate information from the …

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Ethylene Dichloride Disruption Of Fertility In Male Mice, Harold J. Daigle, Derek N. Cole, J. Andrew Carlson, William R. Lee, Vincent L. Wilson Sep 2009

Ethylene Dichloride Disruption Of Fertility In Male Mice, Harold J. Daigle, Derek N. Cole, J. Andrew Carlson, William R. Lee, Vincent L. Wilson

Faculty Publications

Ethylene dichloride (EDC) is a high use compound in chemical industry today. Although a potent alkylating agent and carcinogen, EDC has not been associated previously with adverse fertility consequences. Intraperitoneal 5 to 40 mg/kg once a day for five days in C57BL/6 mice rendered males infertile for 6 months and longer. Two of three mice treated with EDC at 5 mg/kg recovered to fertility after a 3 and 5-week sterile period, respectively. Significant testicular pathology was evident within 8 days post treatment with EDC, which progressed to resemble Sertoli Cell-Only syndrome. Although the observed effects on Leydig cell populations were …

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Succination Of Thiol Groups In Adipose Tissue Proteins In Diabetes: Succination Inhibits Polymerization And Secretion Of Adiponectin, Norma Frizzell, Mathur Rajesh, Matthew J. Jepson, Ryoji Nagai, James A. Carson, Suzanne R. Thorpe, John W. Baynes Sep 2009

Succination Of Thiol Groups In Adipose Tissue Proteins In Diabetes: Succination Inhibits Polymerization And Secretion Of Adiponectin, Norma Frizzell, Mathur Rajesh, Matthew J. Jepson, Ryoji Nagai, James A. Carson, Suzanne R. Thorpe, John W. Baynes

Faculty Publications

S-(2-Succinyl)cysteine (2SC) is formed by reaction of the Krebs cycle intermediate fumarate with cysteine residues in protein, a process termed succination of protein. Both fumarate and succination of proteins are increased in adipocytes cultured in high glucose medium (Nagai, R., Brock, J. W., Blatnik, M., Baatz, J. E., Bethard, J., Walla, M. D., Thorpe, S. R., Baynes, J. W., and Frizzell, N. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282, 34219-34228). We show here that succination of protein is also increased in epididymal, mesenteric, and subcutaneous adipose tissue of diabetic (db/db) mice and that adiponectin is a major target for succination in both …

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Identification And Structural Analysis Of A Novel Carboxysome Shell Protein With Implications For Metabolite Transport, Michael G. Klein, Peter Zwart, Sarah C. Bag By, Fei Cai, Sallie W. Chisolm, Sabine Heinhorst, Gordon C. Cannon, Cheryl A. Kerfeld Sep 2009

Identification And Structural Analysis Of A Novel Carboxysome Shell Protein With Implications For Metabolite Transport, Michael G. Klein, Peter Zwart, Sarah C. Bag By, Fei Cai, Sallie W. Chisolm, Sabine Heinhorst, Gordon C. Cannon, Cheryl A. Kerfeld

Faculty Publications

Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are polyhedral bodies, composed entirely of proteins, that function as organelles in bacteria; they promote subcellular processes by encapsulating and co-localizing targeted enzymes with their substrates. The best-characterized BMC is the carboxysome, a central part of the carbon-concentrating mechanism that greatly enhances carbon fixation in cyanobacteria and some chemoautotrophs. Here we report the first structural insights into the carboxysome of Prochlorococcus, the numerically dominant cyanobacterium in the world's oligotrophic oceans. Bioinformatic methods, substantiated by analysis of gene expression data, were used to identify a new carboxysome shell component, CsoS1D, in the genome of Prochlorococcus strain MED4; …

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Identification Of An Antisense Transcript To Zim2 In The Primate Lineage, Jennifer M. Huang, Sungryul Yu, Joomyeong Kim Sep 2009

Identification Of An Antisense Transcript To Zim2 In The Primate Lineage, Jennifer M. Huang, Sungryul Yu, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

In this study, we identified an antisense transcript to ZIM2 (zinc finger imprinted gene 2) in the human, called ZIM2as. Sequence analysis of the 110 kb region spanned by this transcript revealed a cluster of tandemly repeated sequence in the human, orangutan, and chimpanzee as well as a loss of approximately 70 kb from the corresponding region in the rhesus. The homologous region in most mammals contains a cluster of olfactory receptor (OLFR) genes, but this gene cluster has been lost from the primate lineage. Expression analyses confirmed that ZIM2as is expressed in the human brain and testis. Two CpG …

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Complex Evolution Of A Highly-Conserved Microsatellite Locus In Several Fish Species, J.-X. Liu, Bert Ely Sep 2009

Complex Evolution Of A Highly-Conserved Microsatellite Locus In Several Fish Species, J.-X. Liu, Bert Ely

Faculty Publications

The evolutionary dynamics of a highly conserved microsatellite locus (Dla 11) were studied in several fish species. The data indicated that multiple types of compound microsatellites arose through point mutations that were sometimes followed by expansion of the derived motif. Furthermore, extensive length variation was detected among species in the regions immediately flanking the repeat region.

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The Malawi Religion Project: Data Collection And Selected Analyses, Jimi Adams, Jenny Trinitapoli Sep 2009

The Malawi Religion Project: Data Collection And Selected Analyses, Jimi Adams, Jenny Trinitapoli

Faculty Publications

Scholars have recently become increasingly interested in the role religion plays in the responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we present the Malawi Religion Project (MRP), which provides data to examine the relationship between religion and HIV/AIDS through surveys and in-depth interviews with denominational leaders, congregational leaders, and congregation members in three districts of rural Malawi. In the paper, we outline existing perspectives on the religionHIV/AIDS link, describe the MRP's design, implementation, and subsequent data; provide initial evidence for a series of general research hypotheses; and describe how these data can be used both to extend explorations …

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Monetary Lessons From The Not-So-Great Depression, A Round-Robin Essay Debate With Scott Sumner, James Hamilton, And George Selgin, Jeffrey Rogers Hummel Sep 2009

Monetary Lessons From The Not-So-Great Depression, A Round-Robin Essay Debate With Scott Sumner, James Hamilton, And George Selgin, Jeffrey Rogers Hummel

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Releases, Distribution And Abundance Of Gratiana Boliviana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), A Biological Control Agent Of Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum Viarum, Solanaceae) In Florida, W. A. Overholt, R. Diaz, K. L. Hibbard, A. L. Roda, D. Amalin, A. J. Fox, S. D. Hight, J. C. Medal, P. A. Stansly, B. Carlisle, J. H. Walter, P. J. Hogue, L. A. Gary, L. F. Wiggins, C. L. Kirby, S. C. Crawford Sep 2009

Releases, Distribution And Abundance Of Gratiana Boliviana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), A Biological Control Agent Of Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum Viarum, Solanaceae) In Florida, W. A. Overholt, R. Diaz, K. L. Hibbard, A. L. Roda, D. Amalin, A. J. Fox, S. D. Hight, J. C. Medal, P. A. Stansly, B. Carlisle, J. H. Walter, P. J. Hogue, L. A. Gary, L. F. Wiggins, C. L. Kirby, S. C. Crawford

Faculty Publications

From 2003 to 2008, 176,643 Gratiana boliviana Spaeth (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were released in Florida as part of a biological control program targeting tropical soda apple (TSA) Solanum viarum Dunal (Solanaceae). The spatial distribution of releases was clustered with more beetles released in south/central Florida than further north. A survey conducted in the fall of 2008 found G. bolviana present at >70% of randomly selected locations between 26° and 29° latitude, but no beetles were found at sites further north. The presence of beetles and beetle damage were associated with smaller TSA plants and fewer fruits per plant. The absence of …

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Evaluation Of Rhodamine B As An Orally Delivered Biomarker For Rodents And A Feed-Through Transtadial Biomarker For Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), T. M. Mascari, L. D. Foil Sep 2009

Evaluation Of Rhodamine B As An Orally Delivered Biomarker For Rodents And A Feed-Through Transtadial Biomarker For Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), T. M. Mascari, L. D. Foil

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of rhodamine B as an orally delivered biomarker for rodents and a feed-through transtadial biomarker for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae ). Rhodamine B-treated hamsters were visibly marked for up to 8 wk, and their feces were fluorescent when examined under a fluorescence microscope. The development and survival of sand fly larvae fed feces of rhodamine B-treated hamsters were not significantly different from control sand flies. Adult male and female sand flies, that had been fed as larvae the feces of rhodamine B-treated hamsters, were fluorescent when examined using fluorescent …

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Aall Review: Find 50-State Law Surveys Fast!, Michele Lucero Sep 2009

Aall Review: Find 50-State Law Surveys Fast!, Michele Lucero

Faculty Publications

As a librarian, have you ever had the challenge of finding and compiling that needle-in-a-haystack 50-State survey? Or locating the resources to retrieve that subject survey quickly? What about a regulatory survey? Cheryl Rae Nyberg, of the University of Washington, Gallagher Law Library and author of Subject Compilation of State Laws (2006-07) An Annotated Bibliography, provided shortcuts and tips on how to quickly locate a 50-state law survey by any topic. This article is a brief summary of where a librarian can locate 50-state law surveys fast!

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