Digital Commons Network^™

Alcohol Response And Consumption In Adolescent Rhesus Macaques: Life History And Genetic Influences, Melanie L. Schwandt, Stephen G. Lindell, Scott Chen, James Dee Higley, Stephen J. Suomi, Markus Heilig, Christina S. Barr

Faculty Publications

The use of alcohol by adolescents is a growing problem and has become an important research topic in the etiology of the alcohol use disorders. A key component of this research has been the development of animal models of adolescent alcohol consumption and alcohol response. Due to their extended period of adolescence, rhesus macaques are especially well-suited for modeling alcoholrelated phenotypes that contribute to the adolescent propensity for alcohol consumption. In this review, we discuss studies from our laboratory that have investigated both the initial response to acute alcohol administration and the consumption of alcohol in voluntary self-administration paradigms in …

Sōma Sēma: The Influence Of “The Body Is A Tomb” In Early Christi An Debates And The New Testament, Gaye Strathearn

Faculty Publications

As we study the second half of the New Testament, it becomes evident very quickly that the early Church struggled with doctrinal drift. One of the central responsibilities of having a Church with apostles and prophets, we learn in Ephesians, is so “that we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive” (Ephesians 4:14). Therefore, most of Paul’s epistles were written to combat this doctrinal drift. But what happens when the people no longer listen to …

Puebloan Sites In The Hidden Hills, James R. Allison

Faculty Publications

In 2006 and 2007, the Brigham Young University Archaeological Field School worked in the Hidden Hills area of the Shivwits Plateau, in the western part of the Arizona Strip. The field school mapped, surface collected, and tested a number of Puebloan habitation sites dating from about A.D. 800 to the late 1200s. Architecture includes surface room blocks, stand-alone circular structures, and pit structures, including one deep masonry-lined pit structure that may be a kiva. Ceramic analysis shows that the Hidden Hills residents participated in ceramic exchange networks encompassing other parts of the Arizona Strip as well as more distant places.

Cultural And Contextual Differentiation Of Mesoamerican Iconography In The Southwest/Northwest, Michael T. Searcy

Faculty Publications

Ample research has documented the long-term interaction between Mesoamerica and the U.S. Southwest/Northwest Mexico (SW/NW). Nelson (2006:345) has used the phrase "Mesoamerican interaction markers" as a way to describe evidence of this contact in the SW/NW. He further defines these as "a variety of archaeological patterns that are reminiscent of Mesoamerican counterparts" including "objects, practices, and styles." Some of the interaction markers that have been studied at length are trade goods such as copper bells, macaws, shell, and iron pyrite mirrors (Bayman 2002; Bradley 1993; Ericson and Baugh 1993; Kelley 1966, 1995; Mathien 1993; McGuire 1993b; Nelson 2000; Riley 2005). …

Does Genesis Really Teach A Recent, Literal, Seven-Day Creation Week And A Global Flood?, Richard M. Davidson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Gospel According To Moses And Elijah, Roy E. Gane

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Madaba Plains Project-Tall Jalul 2009, Paul Z. Gregor, Constance E. Gane, Randall Younker, Paul Ray, Karen Borstad, Theodore W. Burgh, Roy Gane, Jennifer Groves, Reem Al Shquor

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Relative Height And Weight Among Children And Adolescents Of Rural Southwestern Nigeria, Omolola Ayoola, Kara Ebersole, Olayemi O. Omotade, Bamidele O. Tayo, William R. Brieger, Kabiru Salami, Lara R. Dugas, Richard S. Cooper, Amy Luke

Faculty Publications

Background: There are few data describing the relative height and weight patterns of children and adolescents in rural Nigeria, despite a prevalence of stunting of over 38% among children younger than 5 years. Aim: The present study documented the height and weight patterns relative to international standards among children and adolescents aged 520 years in rural Nigeria. Subjects and methods: Children 520 years of age were enrolled from two rural villages. Height and weight were measured; body composition was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. z-scores and centiles for height and body mass index were calculated; prevalences of low relative height …

Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanogumbos For Biomedical Imaging, David K. Bwambok, Bilal El-Zahab, Santhosh K. Challa, Min Li, Lin Chandler, Gary A. Baker, Isiah M. Warner

Faculty Publications

Herein, we report on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoparticles generated from an emergent class of materials we refer to as a Group of Uniform Materials Based on Organic Salts (GUMBOS). GUMBOS are largely frozen ionic liquids, although the concept is more general and is also easily applied to solid ionic materials with melting points in excess of 100 °C. Nanoparticles based on GUMBOS (nanoGUMBOS) derived from a NIR fluorophore are prepared using a reprecipitation method and evaluated for in vivo fluorescence imaging. Due to their uniformity, single-step preparation, and composite nature, nanoGUMBOS help to resolve issues with dye leakage problems innate …

Phylogeny Of The Macaques (Cercopithecidae: Macaca) Based On Alu Elements, Jing Li, Kyudong Han, Jinchuan Xing, Heui Soo Kim, Jeffrey Rogers, Oliver A. Ryder, Todd Disotell, Bisong Yue, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

Genus Macaca (Cercopithecidae: Papionini) is one of the most successful primate radiations. Despite previous studies on morphology and mitochondrial DNA analysis, a number of issues regarding the details of macaque evolution remain unsolved. Alu elements are a class of non-autonomous retroposons belonging to short interspersed elements that are specific to the primate lineage. Because retroposon insertions show very little homoplasy, and because the ancestral state (absence of the SINE) is known, Alu elements are useful genetic markers and have been utilized for analyzing primate phylogenentic relationships and human population genetic relationships. Using PCR display methodology, 298 new Alu insertions have …

Applied Climate-Change Analysis: The Climate Wizard Tool, Evan H. Girvetz, Chris Zganjar, George T. Raber, Edwin P. Maurer, Peter Kareiva, Joshua J. Lawler

Faculty Publications

Background: Although the message of "global climate change'' is catalyzing international action, it is local and regional changes that directly affect people and ecosystems and are of immediate concern to scientists, managers, and policy makers. A major barrier preventing informed climate-change adaptation planning is the difficulty accessing, analyzing, and interpreting climate-change information. To address this problem, we developed a powerful, yet easy to use, web-based tool called Climate Wizard (http://ClimateWizard.org) that provides non-climate specialists with simple analyses and innovative graphical depictions for conveying how climate has and is projected to change within specific geographic areas throughout the world. Methodology/Principal Findings: …

Environmental Dna Sequencing Primers For Eutardigrades And Bdelloid Rotifers, Byron J. Adams, Jeremy Whiting, Elizabeth K. Costello, Kristen R. Freeman, Andrew P. Martin, Michael S. Robeson, Steve K. Schmidt

Faculty Publications

Background: The time it takes to isolate individuals from environmental samples and then extract DNA from each individual is one of the problems with generating molecular data from meiofauna such as eutardigrades and bdelloid rotifers. The lack of consistent morphological information and the extreme abundance of these classes makes morphological identification of rare, or even common cryptic taxa a large and unwieldy task. This limits the ability to perform large-scale surveys of the diversity of these organisms. Here we demonstrate a culture-independent molecular survey approach that enables the generation of large amounts of eutardigrade and bdelloid rotifer sequence data directly …

Rfx2 Is A Candidate Downstream Amplifier Of A-Myb Regulation In Mouse Spermatogenesis, Gary C. Horvath, Malathi K. Kistler, Wilson Stephen Kistler

Faculty Publications

Background: Mammalian spermatogenesis involves formation of haploid cells from the male germline and then a complex morphological transformation to generate motile sperm. Focusing on meiotic prophase, some tissue-specific transcription factors are known (A-MYB) or suspected (RFX2) to play important roles in modulating gene expression in pachytene spermatocytes. The current work was initiated to identify both downstream and upstream regulatory connections for Rfx2.

Results: Searches of pachytene up-regulated genes identified high affinity RFX binding sites (X boxes) in promoter regions of several new genes: Adam5, Pdcl2, and Spag6. We confirmed a strong promoter-region X-box for Alf, a germ cell-specific variant of …

Yy1'S Dna-Binding Motifs In Mammalian Olfactory Receptor Genes, Christopher D. Faulk, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

Background: YY1 is an epigenetic regulator for a large number of mammalian genes. While performing genome-wide YY1 binding motif searches, we discovered that the olfactory receptor (OLFR) genes have an unusual cluster of YY1 binding sites within their coding regions. The statistical significance of this observation was further analyzed. Results: About 45% of the olfactory genes in the mouse have a range of 4-8 YY1 binding sites within their respective 1 kb coding regions. Statistical analyses indicate that this enrichment of YY1 motifs has likely been driven by unknown selection pressures at the DNA level, but not serendipitously by some …

Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Elicits Receptor-Dependent Calcium Signaling In Retinal Amacrine Cells, Scott Crousillac, Jeremy Colonna, Emily Mcmains, Jill Sayes Dewey, Evanna Gleason

Faculty Publications

Evidence is emerging indicating that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) participates in signaling in the retina. To determine whether S1P might be involved in signaling in the inner retina specifically, we examine the effects of this sphingolipid on cultured retinal amacrine cells. Whole cell voltage-clamp recordings reveal that S1P activates a cation current that is dependent on signaling through Gi and phospholipase C. These observations are consistent with the involvement of members of the S1P receptor family of G-protein-coupled receptors in the production of the current. Immunocytochemistry and PCR amplification provide evidence for the expression of S1P1R and S1P3R in amacrine cells. The …

The Amino Terminus Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein K (Gk) Modulates Gb-Mediated Virus-Induced Cell Fusion And Virion Egress, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Arun V. Iyer, Sona Chowdhury, Dmitry V. Chouljenko, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-induced cell fusion is mediated by viral glycoproteins and other membrane proteins expressed on infected cell surfaces. Certain mutations in the carboxyl terminus of HSV-1 glycoprotein B (gB) and in the amino terminus of gK cause extensive virus-induced cell fusion. Although gB is known to be a fusogenic glycoprotein, the mechanism by which gK is involved in virus-induced cell fusion remains elusive. To delineate the amino-terminal domains of gK involved in virus-induced cell fusion, the recombinant viruses gKΔ31-47, gKΔ31-68, and gKΔ31-117, expressing gK carrying in-frame deletions spanning the amino terminus of gK immediately after the …

Sex Ratio Of Bovine Embryos And Calves Originating From The Left And Right Ovaries, Darin Hylan, Angelica M. Giraldo, Joel A. Carter, Glen T. Gentry, Kenneth R. Bondioli, Robert A. Godke

Faculty Publications

An asymmetric distribution of the sexes within the left and right uterine horns has been described in multiple species. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the sex ratio (% male) of calves gestated in the left and right uterine horns, as well as the sex ratio of embryos originating from the left and right ovaries of cattle. The sex ratio of calves gestated in the right uterine horn of naturally mated cows was significantly higher compared with the sex ratio of calves gestated in the left uterine horn. In addition, the sex ratio of the left and right …

How Do Animal Mitochondria Tolerate Water Stress?, Michael A. Menze, Steven C. Hand

Faculty Publications

The vast majority of animal species do not tolerate severe water stress, but the encysted embryo of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana is an exceptionally useful organism to investigate physiological mechanisms for enduring extreme environmental insults. Any substantial reduction in cellular water poses a threat to survival. Nevertheless anhydrobiotic animals survive virtually complete loss of cellular water. The mechanisms that govern " life without water" (anhydrobiosis) are still not well understood. With certain exceptions, it seems that a recurring strategy for tolerating severe water loss involves the accumulation of both low molecular weight solutes (e.g., trehalose or other polyol) and …

Impact Of Reproductive Effort On Survival Of Rio Grande Wild Turkey Meleagris Gallop Intermedia Hens In Texas, Bret A. Collier, Kyle B. Melton, Jason B. Hardin, Nova J. Silvy, Markus J. Peterson

Faculty Publications

The southeastern portion of the Edwards Plateau of Texas, historically a stronghold of Rio Grande wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo intermedia, has seen the numbers of turkeys declining since the 1970s. Because hen survival is a key parameter affecting turkey population dynamics, we monitored radio-tagged Rio Grande wild turkey hens on the Edwards Plateau during 2001-2007 to compare survival during the breeding season in areas where turkey abundance has declined vs areas with stable populations. Breeding season survival was best predicted by a model that allowed variation during different periods of the reproductive season (initial nesting during 25 March 21 April, …

How Values In Scientific Discovery And Pursuit Alter Theory Appraisal, Kevin C. Elliott, Daniel J. Mckaughan

Faculty Publications

Philosophers of science readily acknowledge that nonepistemic values influence the discovery and pursuit of scientific theories, but many tend to regard these influences as epistemically uninteresting. The present paper challenges this position by identifying three avenues through which nonepistemic values associated with discovery and pursuit in contemporary pollution research influence theory appraisal: (1) by guiding the choice
of questions and research projects, (2) by altering experimental design, and (3) by affecting the creation and further investigation of theories or hypotheses. This analysis indicates that the effects of these values are sufficiently complex and epistemically significant to merit further attention.

Cellular Biophysics During Freezing Of Rat And Mouse Sperm Predicts Post-Thaw Motility, Mie Hagiwara, Jeung Hwan Choi, Ramachandra V. Devireddy, Kenneth P. Roberts, Willem F. Wolkers, Antoine Makhlouf, John C. Bischof

Faculty Publications

Though cryopreservation of mouse sperm yields good survival and motility after thawing, cryopreservation of rat sperm remains a challenge. This study was designed to evaluate the biophysics (membrane permeability) of rat in comparison to mouse to better understand the cooling rate response that contributes to cryopreservation success or failure in these two sperm types. In order to extract subzero membrane hydraulic permeability in the presence of ice, a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) method was used. By analyzing rat and mouse sperm frozen at 5°C/min and 20°C/min, heat release signatures characteristic of each sperm type were obtained and correlated to cellular …

The Sound-Symbolic Expression Of Animacy In Amazonian Ecuador, Janis B. Nuckolls

Faculty Publications

Several anthropologists of Amazonian societies in Ecuador have claimed that for Achuar [1] and Quichua speaking Runa [2,3,4] there is no fundamental distinction between humans on the one hand, and plants and animals on the other. A related observation is that Runa and Achuar people share an animistic cosmology whereby animals, plants, and even seemingly inert entities such as rocks and stones are believed to have a life force or essence with a subjectivity that can be expressed. This paper will focus on Quichua speaking Runa to seek linguistic evidence for animacy by examining the sound-symbolic properties of a class …

Circadian Disruption, Per3, And Human Cytokine Secretion, Jaclyn Guess, James B. Burch, Kisito Ogoussan, Cheryl A. Armstead, Hongmei Zhang, Sara Wagner, James R. Hébert, Patricia Wood, Shawn D. Youngstedt, Lorne J. Hofseth, Udai P. Singh, Dawen Xie, William J. M. Hrushesky

Faculty Publications

Circadian disruption has been linked with inflammation, an established cancer risk factor. Per3 clock gene polymorphisms have also been associated with circadian disruption and with increased cancer risk. Patients completed a questionnaire and provided a blood sample prior to undergoing a colonoscopy (n=70). Adjusted mean serum cytokine concentrations (IL-6, TNF-alpha, gamma-INF, IL-I ra, IL-I-beta, VEGF) were compared among patients with high and low scores for fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory II), or sleep disruption (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), or among patients with different Per3 clock gene variants. Poor sleep was associated with elevated VEGF, and fatigue-related …

Non-Negative Steady State Solutions To An Elliptic Biological Model, Brian Ibanez, Joon Hyuk Kang, Jungho Lee

Faculty Publications

The non-existence and existence of positive solutions for the generalized predator-prey biological model for two species of animals Δu + ug(u,v) = 0 in Ω, Δv + vh(u,v) = 0 in Ω, u = v = 0 on ∂Ω, is investigated in this paper. The techniques used in this paper are from elliptic theory, the upper-lower solution method, the maximum principles and spectrum estimates. The arguments also rely on detailed properties of solutions to logistic equations. © 2009 Academic Publications.

3d-Surfer: Software For High-Throughput Protein Surface Comparison And Analysis, David La, Juan Esquivel-Rodríguez, Vishwesh Venkatraman, Bin Li, Lee Sael, Stephen Ueng, Steven Ahrendt, Daisuke Kihara

Faculty Publications

Summary: We present 3D-SURFER, a web-based tool designed to facilitate high-throughput comparison and characterization of proteins based on their surface shape. As each protein is effectively represented by a vector of 3D Zernike descriptors, comparison times for a query protein against the entire PDB take, on an average, only a couple of seconds. The web interface has been designed to be as interactive as possible with displays showing animated protein rotations, CATH codes and structural alignments using the CE program. In addition, geometrically interesting local features of the protein surface, such as pockets that often correspond to ligand binding sites …

Barriers Influencing Minority Clients’ Access To Speech Language Pathology Services. Poster, Nidhi Mahendra, Katie Schoneman, Nisha Engineer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparative Acute Toxicity Of Neonicotinoid And Pyrethroid Insecticides To Non-Target Crayfish (Procambarus Clarkii) Associated With Rice-Crayfish Crop Rotations, Gary C. Barbee, Michael J. Stout

Faculty Publications

Background: Most insecticides used to control rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuscel) infestations are pyrethroids. However, pyrethroids are highly toxic to non-target crayfish associated with rice-crayfish crop rotations. One solution to the near-exclusive reliance on pyrethroids in a rice-crayfish pest management program is to incorporate neonicotinoid insecticides, which are insect specific and effective against weevils but not extremely toxic to crayfish. This study aimed to take the first step to assess neonicotinoids as alternatives to pyrethroids in rice-crayfish crop rotations by measuring the acute toxicities of three candidate neonicotinoid insecticides, clothianidin, dinotefuran and thiamethoxam, to juvenile Procambarus clarkii (Girard) crayfish …

Edwardsiella Ictaluri Encodes An Acid-Activated Urease That Is Required For Intracellular Replication In Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) Macrophages, Natha J. Booth, Judith B. Beekman, Ronald L. Thune

Faculty Publications

Genomic analysis indicated that Edwardsiella ictaluri encodes a putative urease pathogenicity island containing the products of nine open reading frames, including urea and ammonium transporters. In vitro studies with wild-type E. ictaluri and a ureG::kan urease mutant strain indicated that E. ictaluri is significantly tolerant of acid conditions (pH 3.0) but that urease activity is not required for acid tolerance. Growth studies demonstrated that E. ictaluri is unable to grow at pH 5 in the absence of urea but is able to elevate the environmental pH from pH 5 to pH 7 and grow when exogenous urea is available. Substantial …

Arabidopsis Actin-Related Protein Arp5 In Multicellular Development And Dna Repair, Muthugapatti K. Kandasamy, Elizabeth C. Mckinney, Roger B. Deal, Aaron P. Smith, Richard B. Meagher

Faculty Publications

Actin-related protein 5 (ARP5) is a conserved subunit of the INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex in yeast and mammals. We have characterized the expression and subcellular distribution of Arabidopsis thaliana ARP5 and explored its role in the epigenetic control of multicellular development and DNA repair. ARP5-specific monoclonal antibodies localized ARP5 protein to the nucleoplasm of interphase cells in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana tabacum. ARP5 promoter-reporter fusions and the ARP5 protein are ubiquitously expressed. A null mutant and a severe knockdown allele produced moderately dwarfed plants with all organs smaller than the wild type. The small and slightly deformed organs such as leaves and …

Permanent Genetic Resources Added To Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 May 2009-31 July 2009, Glenn R. Almany, Maurício P. De Arruda, Wolfgang Arthofer, Z. K. Atallah, Steven R. Beissinger, Michael L. Berumen, S. M. Bogdanowicz, S. D. Brown, Michael W. Bruford, C. Burdine, Jeremiah W. Busch, Nathan R. Campbell, D. Carey, Bryan C. Carstens, K. H. Chu, Marc A. Cubeta, J. P. Cuda, Zhaoxia Cui, L. E. Datnoff, J. A. Dávila, Emily S. Davis, R. M. Davis, Onno E. Diekmann, Eduardo Eizirik, J. A. Fargallo, Fabiano Fernandes, Hideo Fukuda, L. R. Gale, Elizabeth Gallagher, Yongqiang Gao, Philippe Girard, Anna Godhe, Evonnildo C. Gonçalves

Faculty Publications

This article documents the addition of 512 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia, Bashania fangiana, Bashania fargesii, Chaetodon vagabundus, Colletes floralis, Coluber constrictor flaviventris, Coptotermes gestroi, Crotophaga major, Cyprinella lutrensis, Danaus plexippus, Fagus grandifolia, Falco tinnunculus, Fletcherimyia fletcheri, Hydrilla verticillata, Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus, Leavenworthia alabamica, Marmosops incanus, Miichthys miiuy, Nasua nasua, Noturus exilis, Odontesthes bonariensis, Quadrula fragosa, Pinctada maxima, Pseudaletia separata, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Podocarpus elatus, Portunus trituberculatus, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhinella schneideri, Sarracenia alata, Skeletonema marinoi, Sminthurus viridis, …