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Systematics Of The Obligate Ant-Following Clade Of Antbirds (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae), Morton L. Isler, Gustavo A. Bravo, Robb T. Brumfield Jan 2014

Systematics Of The Obligate Ant-Following Clade Of Antbirds (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae), Morton L. Isler, Gustavo A. Bravo, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

© 2014 by the Wilson Ornithological Society. Results of a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family Thamnophilidae were consistent with earlier findings that almost all obligate army-ant-followers of the family form a monophyletic group that contains five well-supported clades and encompasses six currently recognized genera: Phaenostictus, Pithys, Willisornis, Gymnopithys, Rhegmatorhina, and Phlegopsis. A comparative analysis of seven suites of morphological, behavioral, and ecological traits within the context of the phylogeny reinforced the validity of five of these genera, but results for the sixth, Gymnopithys, were internally inconsistent and required the description of a new genus, Oneillornis.

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Sampling Locality Is More Detectable Than Taxonomy Or Ecology In The Gut Microbiota Of The Brood-Parasitic Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus Ater), Sarah M. Hird, Bryan C. Carstens, Steven W. Cardiff, Donna L. Dittmann, Robb T. Brumfield Jan 2014

Sampling Locality Is More Detectable Than Taxonomy Or Ecology In The Gut Microbiota Of The Brood-Parasitic Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus Ater), Sarah M. Hird, Bryan C. Carstens, Steven W. Cardiff, Donna L. Dittmann, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are the most widespread avian brood parasite in North America, laying their eggs in the nests of approximately 250 host species that raise the cowbird nestlings as their own. It is currently unknown how these heterospecific hosts influence the cowbird gut microbiota relative to other factors, such as the local environment and genetics. We test a Nature Hypothesis (positing the importance of cowbird genetics) and a Nurture Hypothesis (where the host parents are most influential to cowbird gut microbiota) using the V6 region of 16S rRNA as a microbial fingerprint of the gut from 32 cowbird …

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Effects Of Coastal Urbanization On Salt-Marsh Faunal Assemblages In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Michael R. Lowe, Mark S. Peterson Jan 2014

Effects Of Coastal Urbanization On Salt-Marsh Faunal Assemblages In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Michael R. Lowe, Mark S. Peterson

Faculty Publications

Coastal landscapes in the northern Gulf of Mexico, specifically the Mississippi coast, have undergone rapid urbanization that may impact the suitability of salt-marsh ecosystems for maintaining and regulating estuarine faunal communities. We used a landscape ecology approach to quantify the composition and configuration of salt-marsh habitats and developed surfaces at multiple spatial scales surrounding three small, first-order salt-marsh tidal creeks arrayed along a gradient of urbanization in two river-dominated estuaries. From May 3 to June 4, 2010, nekton and macroinfauna were collected weekly at all six sites. Due to the greater abundance of grass shrimp Palaemonetes spp., brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus …

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Variations In The Contents Of Gingerols And Chromatographic Fingerprints Of Ginger Root Extracts Prepared By Different Preparation Methods, Mei Liu, Xinhua Xia, Guixin Chou, Dong Liu, Aamir Zuberi, Jianping Ye, Zhijun Liu Jan 2014

Variations In The Contents Of Gingerols And Chromatographic Fingerprints Of Ginger Root Extracts Prepared By Different Preparation Methods, Mei Liu, Xinhua Xia, Guixin Chou, Dong Liu, Aamir Zuberi, Jianping Ye, Zhijun Liu

Faculty Publications

In the present study, an HPLC-DAD method was optimized for the quantitative determination of 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol in ginger extracts. A chromatographic fingerprinting method was also established to differentiate and evaluate the ginger extracts for bioactivity. Twentyone extracts were prepared by methods differing in ginger type (fresh versus dried), solvent, and extraction methods. The ANOVA analysis showed the methods' influence on the mean extraction yields of gingerols increased in the order of: high pressurehigh temperature (HP)>blender (BD) >low pressure (LP). The optimal solvent to extract gingerols was found to be 95% ethanol. The type of ginger used …

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Latitudinal Variation In Clutch Size-Lay Date Regressions In Tachycineta Swallows: Effects Of Food Supply Or Demography?, David W. Winkler, Kevin M. Ringelman, Peter O. Dunn, Linda Whittingham, David J.T. Hussell, Robert G. Clark, Russell D. Dawson, L. Scott Johnson, Alexandra Rose, Suzanne H. Austin, W. Douglas Robinson, Michael P. Lombardo, Patrick A. Thorpe, Dave Shutler, Raleigh J. Robertson, Maria Stager, Marty Leonard, Andrew G. Horn, Janis Dickinson, Valentina Ferretti, Viviana Massoni, Florencia Bulit, Juan C. Reboreda, Marcela Liljesthröm, Martín Quiroga, Eldar Rakhimberdiev, Daniel R. Ardia Jan 2014

Latitudinal Variation In Clutch Size-Lay Date Regressions In Tachycineta Swallows: Effects Of Food Supply Or Demography?, David W. Winkler, Kevin M. Ringelman, Peter O. Dunn, Linda Whittingham, David J.T. Hussell, Robert G. Clark, Russell D. Dawson, L. Scott Johnson, Alexandra Rose, Suzanne H. Austin, W. Douglas Robinson, Michael P. Lombardo, Patrick A. Thorpe, Dave Shutler, Raleigh J. Robertson, Maria Stager, Marty Leonard, Andrew G. Horn, Janis Dickinson, Valentina Ferretti, Viviana Massoni, Florencia Bulit, Juan C. Reboreda, Marcela Liljesthröm, Martín Quiroga, Eldar Rakhimberdiev, Daniel R. Ardia

Faculty Publications

In a study of almost 16 000 nest records from seven swallow species across the entire Western Hemisphere, clutch sizes decline with relative laying date in each population, but the slope of this decline grows steeper with increasing distance from the equator. Late-laying birds at all latitudes lay clutches of similar sizes, suggesting that latitudinal differences may be driven primarily by earlier-laying birds. Focused comparisons of site-years in North America with qualitatively different food availability indicate that food supply significantly affects mean clutch size but not the clutch size-lay date regression. Other studies on the seasonality of swallow food also …

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Biofrag - A New Database For Analyzing Biodiversity Responses To Forest Fragmentation, Marion Pfeifer, Veronique Lefebvre, Toby A. Gardner, Victor Arroyo-Rodriguez, Lander Baeten, Cristina Banks-Leite, Jos Barlow, Matthew G. Betts, Joerg Brunet, Alexis Cerezo, Laura M. Cisneros, Stuart Collard, Neil D'Cruze, Catarina Da Silva Motta, Stephanie Duguay, Hilde Eggermont, Felix Eigenbrod, Adam S. Hadley, Thor R. Hanson, Joseph E. Hawes, Tamara Heartsill Scalley, Brian T. Klingbeil, Annette Kolb, Urs Kormann, Sunil Kumar, Thibault Lachat, Poppy Lakeman Fraser, Victoria Lantschner, William F. Laurance, Inara R. Leal, Luc Lens, Charles J. Marsh, Guido F. Medina-Rangel Jan 2014

Biofrag - A New Database For Analyzing Biodiversity Responses To Forest Fragmentation, Marion Pfeifer, Veronique Lefebvre, Toby A. Gardner, Victor Arroyo-Rodriguez, Lander Baeten, Cristina Banks-Leite, Jos Barlow, Matthew G. Betts, Joerg Brunet, Alexis Cerezo, Laura M. Cisneros, Stuart Collard, Neil D'Cruze, Catarina Da Silva Motta, Stephanie Duguay, Hilde Eggermont, Felix Eigenbrod, Adam S. Hadley, Thor R. Hanson, Joseph E. Hawes, Tamara Heartsill Scalley, Brian T. Klingbeil, Annette Kolb, Urs Kormann, Sunil Kumar, Thibault Lachat, Poppy Lakeman Fraser, Victoria Lantschner, William F. Laurance, Inara R. Leal, Luc Lens, Charles J. Marsh, Guido F. Medina-Rangel

Faculty Publications

Habitat fragmentation studies have produced complex results that are challenging to synthesize. Inconsistencies among studies may result from variation in the choice of landscape metrics and response variables, which is often compounded by a lack of key statistical or methodological information. Collating primary datasets on biodiversity responses to fragmentation in a consistent and flexible database permits simple data retrieval for subsequent analyses. We present a relational database that links such field data to taxonomic nomenclature, spatial and temporal plot attributes, and environmental characteristics. Field assessments include measurements of the response(s) (e.g., presence, abundance, ground cover) of one or more species …

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Seven Decades Of Development Of The Maize Production System, João Carlos Cardoso Galvão, Glauco Vieira Miranda, Emerson Trogello, Roberto Fritsche-Neto Jan 2014

Seven Decades Of Development Of The Maize Production System, João Carlos Cardoso Galvão, Glauco Vieira Miranda, Emerson Trogello, Roberto Fritsche-Neto

Faculty Publications

The objective of this work was to compare the maize production system recommended in the decade of 1940 with the system currently employed in Brazil. We used the paper published by Antônio Secundino de São José at Revista Ceres in 1944 to compare the agricultural practices used at that time with the ones currently employed. In the 40's, we found no direct concern with aspects of soil and water conservation. However, the process of raising grain yield based on the use of more on-farm inputs , such as manure and seeds, was initiated at that time. The maize crop was …

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Zinc And Cadmium Adsorption To Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles Affected By Naturally Occurring Ligands, M. Hashem Stietiya, Jim J. Wang Jan 2014

Zinc And Cadmium Adsorption To Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles Affected By Naturally Occurring Ligands, M. Hashem Stietiya, Jim J. Wang

Faculty Publications

Nanoparticles of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) are efficient in removing Cd, Zn, and other heavy metals from wastewaters and soil solutions due to their high specific surface area and surface area to volume ratio. Naturally occurring ligands, such as phosphate (PO4), citrate, and humic acid (HA), may affect the efficiency of Al2O3 nanoparticles in adsorption of Cd and Zn. The objective of this study was to investigate Zn and Cd adsorption to Al2O3 nanoparticles as influenced by PO4, citrate, and HA. Adsorption of Zn and Cd was performed in mono-metal and binary-metal systems at pH 6.5 with initial metal concentration of …

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Recruitment Of Fat Cell Precursors During High Fat Diet In C57bl/6j Mice Is Fat Depot Specific, B. Gawronska-Kozak, J. Staszkiewicz, J. M. Gimble, H. Kirk-Ballard Jan 2014

Recruitment Of Fat Cell Precursors During High Fat Diet In C57bl/6j Mice Is Fat Depot Specific, B. Gawronska-Kozak, J. Staszkiewicz, J. M. Gimble, H. Kirk-Ballard

Faculty Publications

Objective The study aims to explore long-term dietary effects on increases in body mass and fat depot enlargement through the recruitment of early in life labeled progenitor cells to the adipolineage. Methods Neonate male C57BL/6J (B6) mice were injected intraperitoneally with BrdU. From 4 until 30 weeks of age they were fed either low fat diet (LFD) or high fat diet (HFD). BrdU-labeled cells were analyzed by flow cytometric and immunohistochemical assays after 10 days and 4, 8, 16, and 30 weeks. Results Mice fed HFD were heavier than mice fed LFD with the most dramatic disparity recorded between week …

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An Ethanolic Extract Of Artemisia Dracunculus L. Regulates Gene Expression Of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Enzymes In Skeletal Muscle: Potential Role In The Treatment Of Sarcopenic Obesity, Heather Kirk-Ballard, Gail Kilroy, Britton C. Day, Zhong Q. Wang, David M. Ribnicky, William T. Cefalu, Z. Elizabeth Floyd Jan 2014

An Ethanolic Extract Of Artemisia Dracunculus L. Regulates Gene Expression Of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Enzymes In Skeletal Muscle: Potential Role In The Treatment Of Sarcopenic Obesity, Heather Kirk-Ballard, Gail Kilroy, Britton C. Day, Zhong Q. Wang, David M. Ribnicky, William T. Cefalu, Z. Elizabeth Floyd

Faculty Publications

Objective: Obesity is linked to insulin resistance, a primary component of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The problem of obesity-related insulin resistance is compounded when age-related skeletal muscle loss, called sarcopenia, occurs with obesity. Skeletal muscle loss results from elevated levels of protein degradation and prevention of obesity-related sarcopenic muscle loss will depend on strategies that target pathways involved in protein degradation. An extract from Artemisia dracunculus, termed PMI 5011, improves insulin signaling and increases skeletal muscle myofiber size in a rodent model of obesity-related insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of PMI …

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Estimating Microzooplankton Grazing Half-Saturation Constants From Dilution Experiments With Nonlinear Feeding Kinetics, Bingzhang Chen, Edward A. Laws, Hongbin Liu, Bangqin Huang Jan 2014

Estimating Microzooplankton Grazing Half-Saturation Constants From Dilution Experiments With Nonlinear Feeding Kinetics, Bingzhang Chen, Edward A. Laws, Hongbin Liu, Bangqin Huang

Faculty Publications

To obtain the grazing half-saturation constant (K) of natural microzooplankton assemblages, we used three nonlinear grazing models (rectilinear, Holling type II, and Holling type III) to fit the detailed data (phytoplankton net specific growth rate vs. dilution factor) of individual dilution experiments that show significant concave curves. In the dataset consisting of 528 experiments, 96 experiments show significant concave curves, and the associated chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations are significantly higher than those of experiments showing linear or convex curves. Experiments showing concave curves likely reflect that these microzooplankton assemblages were under top-down control. The three models perform equally well …

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An Integrative Approach To Understanding Host-Parasitoid Population Dynamics In Real Landscapes, James T. Cronin, John D. Reeve Jan 2014

An Integrative Approach To Understanding Host-Parasitoid Population Dynamics In Real Landscapes, James T. Cronin, John D. Reeve

Faculty Publications

Many of our advances regarding the spatial ecology of predators and prey have been attributed to research with insect parasitoids and their hosts. Host-parasitoid systems are ideal for spatial-ecological studies because of the small size of the organisms, the often discrete distribution of their resources, and the relative ease with which host mortality from parasitoids can be determined. We outline an integrated approach to studying host-parasitoid interactions in heterogeneous natural landscapes. This approach involves conducting experiments to obtain critically important information on dispersal and boundary behavior of the host and parasitoid, large-scale manipulations of landscape structure to reveal the impacts …

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Reduced Representation Genome Sequencing Suggests Low Diversity On The Sex Chromosomes Of Tonkean Macaque Monkeys, Ben J. Evans, Kai Zeng, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Brian Charlesworth, Don J. Melnick Jan 2014

Reduced Representation Genome Sequencing Suggests Low Diversity On The Sex Chromosomes Of Tonkean Macaque Monkeys, Ben J. Evans, Kai Zeng, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Brian Charlesworth, Don J. Melnick

Faculty Publications

In species with separate sexes, social systems can differ in the relative variances of male versus female reproductive success. Papionin monkeys (macaques, mangabeys, mandrills, drills, baboons, and geladas) exhibit hallmarks of a high variance in male reproductive success, including a female-biased adult sex ratio and prominent sexual dimorphism. To explore the potential genomic consequences of such sex differences, we used a reduced representation genome sequencing approach to quantifying polymorphism at sites on autosomes and sex chromosomes of the tonkean macaque (Macaca tonkeana), a species endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. The ratio of nucleotide diversity of the X chromosome …

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Bale Location Effects On Nutritive Value And Fermentation Characteristics Of Annual Ryegrass Bale Stored In In-Line Wrapping Silage, K. J. Han, M. E. Mccormick, S. M. Derouen, D. C. Blouin Jan 2014

Bale Location Effects On Nutritive Value And Fermentation Characteristics Of Annual Ryegrass Bale Stored In In-Line Wrapping Silage, K. J. Han, M. E. Mccormick, S. M. Derouen, D. C. Blouin

Faculty Publications

In southeastern regions of the US, herbage systems are primarily based on grazing or hay feeding with low nutritive value warm-season perennial grasses. Nutritious herbage such as annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) may be more suitable for preserving as baleage for winter feeding even with more intensive production inputs. Emerging in-line wrapped baleage storage systems featuring rapid wrapping and low polyethylene film requirements need to be tested for consistency of storing nutritive value of a range of annual ryegrass herbage. A ryegrass storage trial was conducted with 24-h wilted 'Marshall' annual ryegrass harvested at booting, heading and anthesis stages using …

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Evaluation Of Nutritive Value And In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Gas Accumulation Of De-Oiled Algal Residues, Kun Jun Han, Michael E. Mccormick Jan 2014

Evaluation Of Nutritive Value And In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Gas Accumulation Of De-Oiled Algal Residues, Kun Jun Han, Michael E. Mccormick

Faculty Publications

Background: Algae are widely recognized for their high oil content and for exponentially accumulating biomass with particular potential to provide single cell protein for human consumption or animal feed. It is believed that along with biodiesel from algae, the high protein de-oiled algal residue may become an alternative feed supplement option in the future. This study was conducted to investigate de-oiled algal residue obtained from the common Chlorella species, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Selenarstrum capricornutum, Scenedesmus sp., and Scenedesmus dimorphus for assessment as potential feed supplements for ruminants by comparing with soybean (Glycine max) meal and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hay. Results: With …

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Moisture Concentration Variation Of Silages Produced On Commercial Farms In The South-Central Usa, K. J. Han, W. D. Pitman, A. Chapple Jan 2014

Moisture Concentration Variation Of Silages Produced On Commercial Farms In The South-Central Usa, K. J. Han, W. D. Pitman, A. Chapple

Faculty Publications

Preservation of forage crops as silage offers opportunity to avoid the high risk of rain-damaged hay in the humid south-central USA. Recent developments with baled silage or baleage make silage a less expensive option than typical chopped silage. Silage has been important in the region primarily for dairy production, but baleage has become an option for the more extensive beef cattle industry in the region. Silage samples submitted to the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Forage Quality Lab from 2006 through 2013 were assessed for dry matter (DM) and forage nutritive characteristics of chopped silage and baleage of the different …

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The Kathleen Williams Lecture, 2014: The Chastity Of Allegory: For Esther, David Lee Miller Jan 2014

The Kathleen Williams Lecture, 2014: The Chastity Of Allegory: For Esther, David Lee Miller

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Book Review: Larry Haeg, Harriman Vs. Hill: Wall Street's Great Railroad War, Sean Kammer Jan 2014

Book Review: Larry Haeg, Harriman Vs. Hill: Wall Street's Great Railroad War, Sean Kammer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Presumed Imminence: Judicial Risk Assessment In The Post-9/11 World, Avidan Y. Cover Jan 2014

Presumed Imminence: Judicial Risk Assessment In The Post-9/11 World, Avidan Y. Cover

Faculty Publications

Court opinions in the terrorism context are often distinguished by fact-finding that relates to risk assessment. These risk assessments — inherently policy decisions — are influenced by cultural cognition and by cognitive errors common to probability determinations, particularly those made regarding highly dangerous and emotional events. In a post-9/11 world, in which prevention and intelligence are prioritized over prosecution, courts are more likely to overstate the potential harm, neglect the probability, and presume the imminence of terrorist attacks. As a result, courts are apt to defer to the government and require less evidence in support of measures that curtail civil …

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The Contributions Of Dissenting Protestantism To Western Views Of Human Dignity And Freedom, Nicholas P. Miller Jan 2014

The Contributions Of Dissenting Protestantism To Western Views Of Human Dignity And Freedom, Nicholas P. Miller

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Mother–Infant Interactions In Free-Ranging Rhesus Macaques: Relationships Between Physiological And Behavioral Variables, Dario Maestripieri, Christy L. Hoffman, George M. Anderson, C. Sue Carter, J. Dee Higley Jan 2014

Mother–Infant Interactions In Free-Ranging Rhesus Macaques: Relationships Between Physiological And Behavioral Variables, Dario Maestripieri, Christy L. Hoffman, George M. Anderson, C. Sue Carter, J. Dee Higley

Faculty Publications

Studies of mother–infant relationships in nonhuman primates have increasingly attempted to understand the neuroendocrine bases of interindividual variation in mothering styles and the mechanisms through which early exposure to variable mothering styles affects infant behavioral development. In this study of free-ranging rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, we aimed to: 1) compare lactating and nonlactating females to investigate whether lactation is associated with changes in plasma cortisol, prolactin and oxytocin, as well as changes in CSF levels of serotonin and dopamine metabolites (5-HIAA and HVA); 2) examine the extent to which interindividual variation in maternal physiology is associated with …

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Judaism And Orthodox Judaism, Loren Marks, Trevan Hatch Jan 2014

Judaism And Orthodox Judaism, Loren Marks, Trevan Hatch

Faculty Publications

The Term Jew, which began as a tribal name and later became a national title, today refers to many things: an ethnic group a philosophy, a religion (Judaism), a tradition, or a way of life. Although Jews have comprised a relatively small portion of the world population, over the last 3,000 years the sacred tects and monotheistic tradition of the Jewish people have been foundational in Western civilization. The Jews, while suffering some of the greatest persecutions of any group in recorded history

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Passover, Trevan Hatch, Zahra Alghafli, Loren D. Marks Jan 2014

Passover, Trevan Hatch, Zahra Alghafli, Loren D. Marks

Faculty Publications

Passover is a Jewish spring festival that primarily commemorates the ancient liberation of the Hebrew slaves and their exodus from Egypt and secondarily commemorates the liberation of Jews on various instances throughout history. The festival begins on the 15th day of the Hebrew month of Nisan (March or April) and lasts for seven days (eight days in the Diaspora). Passover consists of the traditions of (1) a pre-Passover home cleaning and (2) the Seder (meaning order), an evening ceremony on the first day of Passover that is usually observed with family and friends. Passover season is a time for Jewish …

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Rereading Romanticism, Rereading Expressivism: Revising "Voice" Through Wordsworth's Prefaces, Hannah J. Rule Jan 2014

Rereading Romanticism, Rereading Expressivism: Revising "Voice" Through Wordsworth's Prefaces, Hannah J. Rule

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Effect Of Organic Carbon, C: N Ratio And Light On The Growth And Lipid Productivity Of Microalgae/Cyanobacteria Coculture, Athens Silaban, Rong Bai, M. Teresa Gutierrez-Wing, Ioan I. Negulescu, Kelly A. Rusch Jan 2014

Effect Of Organic Carbon, C: N Ratio And Light On The Growth And Lipid Productivity Of Microalgae/Cyanobacteria Coculture, Athens Silaban, Rong Bai, M. Teresa Gutierrez-Wing, Ioan I. Negulescu, Kelly A. Rusch

Faculty Publications

Current culture methods based on monocultures under phototrophic regimes are prone to contamination, predation, and collapse. Native cultures of multiple species are adapted to the local conditions and are more robust against contamination and predation. Growth, lipid and biomass productivity of a Louisiana native coculture of microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) and cyanobacteria (Leptolyngbya sp.) in heterotrophic and mixotrophic regimes were investigated. Dextrose and sodium acetate at C:N ratios of 15:1 and 30:1 under heterotrophic (dark) and mixotrophic (400 μmol m-2 s-1) regimes were compared with autotrophic controls. The carbon source and C:N ratio impacted growth and biomass productivity. Mixotrophic cultures with …

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A Unifying Model For Neoproterozoic-Palaeozoic Exceptional Fossil Preservation Through Pyritization And Carbonaceous Compression, James D. Schiffbauer, Shuhai Xiao, Yaoping Cai, Adam F. Wallace, Hong Hua, Jerry Hunter, Huifang Xu, Yongbo Peng, Alan J. Kaufman Jan 2014

A Unifying Model For Neoproterozoic-Palaeozoic Exceptional Fossil Preservation Through Pyritization And Carbonaceous Compression, James D. Schiffbauer, Shuhai Xiao, Yaoping Cai, Adam F. Wallace, Hong Hua, Jerry Hunter, Huifang Xu, Yongbo Peng, Alan J. Kaufman

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Soft-tissue fossils capture exquisite biological detail and provide our clearest views onto the rise of animals across the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. The processes contributing to fossilization of soft tissues, however, have long been a subject of debate. The Ediacaran Gaojiashan biota displays soft-tissue preservational styles ranging from pervasive pyritization to carbonaceous compression, and thus provides an excellent opportunity to dissect the relationships between these taphonomic pathways. Here geochemical analyses of the Gaojiashan fossil Conotubus hemiannulatus show that pyrite precipitation was fuelled by the degradation of labile tissues through bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR). Pyritization …

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Warmer Temperatures Increase Disease Transmission And Outbreak Intensity In A Host-Pathogen System, Bret D. Elderd, James R. Reilly Jan 2014

Warmer Temperatures Increase Disease Transmission And Outbreak Intensity In A Host-Pathogen System, Bret D. Elderd, James R. Reilly

Faculty Publications

Summary: While rising global temperatures are increasingly affecting both species and their biotic interactions, the debate about whether global warming will increase or decrease disease transmission between individuals remains far from resolved. This may stem from the lack of empirical data. Using a tractable and easily manipulated insect host-pathogen system, we conducted a series of field and laboratory experiments to examine how increased temperatures affect disease transmission using the crop-defoliating pest, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and its species-specific baculovirus, which causes a fatal infection. To examine the effects of temperature on disease transmission in the field, we manipulated baculovirus …

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An Insight Into The Microbiome Of The Amblyomma Maculatum(Acari: Ixodidae), Khemraj Budachetri, Rebecca E. Browning, Steven W. Adamson, Scot E. Dowd, Chien-Chung Chao, Wei-Mei Ching, Shahid Karim Jan 2014

An Insight Into The Microbiome Of The Amblyomma Maculatum(Acari: Ixodidae), Khemraj Budachetri, Rebecca E. Browning, Steven W. Adamson, Scot E. Dowd, Chien-Chung Chao, Wei-Mei Ching, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

The aim of this study was to survey the bacterial diversity of Amblyomma maculatum Koch, 1844, and characterize its infection with Rickettsia parkeri. Pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA was used to determine the total bacterial population in A. maculatum. Pyrosequencing analysis identified Rickettsia in A. maculatum midguts, salivary glands, and saliva, which indicates successful trafficking in the arthropod vector. The identity of Rickettsia spp. was determined based on sequencing the rickettsial outer membrane protein A (rompA) gene. The sequence homology search revealed the presence of R. parkeri, Rickettsia amblyommii, and Rickettsia endosymbiont of …

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The Trees, My Lungs: Self Psychology And The Natural World At An American Buddhist Center, Daniel S. Capper Jan 2014

The Trees, My Lungs: Self Psychology And The Natural World At An American Buddhist Center, Daniel S. Capper

Faculty Publications

This study employs ethnographic field data to trace a dialogue between the self psychological concept of the selfobject and experiences regarding the concept of “interbeing” at a Vietnamese Buddhist monastery in the United States. The dialogue develops an understanding of human experiences with the nonhuman natural world which are tensive, liminal, and nondual. From the dialogue I find that the selfobject concept, when applied to this form of Buddhism, must be inclusive enough to embrace relationships with animals, stones, and other natural forms. The dialogue further delineates a self psychological methodology for examining religions in their interactions with natural forms.

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Effects Of Landscape Composition And Configuration On Migrating Songbirds: Inference From An Individual-Based Model, Emily B. Cohen, Scott M. Pearson, Frank R. Moore Jan 2014

Effects Of Landscape Composition And Configuration On Migrating Songbirds: Inference From An Individual-Based Model, Emily B. Cohen, Scott M. Pearson, Frank R. Moore

Faculty Publications

The behavior of long-distance migrants during stopover is constrained by the need to quickly and safely replenish energetic reserves. Replenishing fuel stores at stopover sites requires adjusting to unfamiliar landscapes with little to no information about the distribution of resources. Despite their critical importance to the success of songbird migration, the effects of landscape composition and configuration on fuel deposition rates (FDR [g/d]), the currency of migration, has not been tested empirically. Our objectives were to understand the effects of heterogeneous landscapes on FDR of forest-dwelling songbirds during spring migration. The results of field experiments were used to parameterize a …

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