Digital Commons Network^™

The Past, Present, And Future Of Real-Time Control In Cellular Electrophysiology., Bauer Ja, Lambert Km, White Ja

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Anthropology And Open Access, Jason B. Jackson, Ryan B. Anderson

Faculty Publications

While still largely ignored by many anthropologists, open access (OA) has been a confusing and volatile center around which a wide range of contentious debates and vexing leadership dilemmas orbit. Despite widespread misunderstandings and honest differences of perspective on how and why to move forward, OA frameworks for scholarly communication are now part of the publishing ecology in which all active anthropologists work. Cultural Anthropology is unambiguously a leading journal in the field. The move to transition it toward a gold OA model represents a milestone for the iterative transformation of how cultural anthropologists, along with diverse fellow travelers, communicate …

Love And Judgment: God's Triumph -- Part 2, Jo Ann Davidson

Faculty Publications

The judgment message has two complementary aspects: God’s justice against sin on the one hand, and on the other, the extension of God’s blessing to all nations along with the vindication of His love, justice, and mercy. The Scriptures clearly emphasize God’s loathing of evil, linked with the certainty of divine punishment and mercy. The Bible also reminds us that sin produces deadly guilt, and it is this guilt that often causes our blindness to God’s goodness.

Biogeochemical Consequences Of An Oxygenated Intrusion Into An Anoxic Fjord, Svetlana Pakhomova, Hans Fredrik V. Braaten, Evgeniy Yakushev, Jens Skei

Faculty Publications

Background: This paper is based on the studies of the biogeochemical structure of the water column in the anoxic Fjord Hunnbunn (south-eastern Norway) performed in 2009, 2011 and 2012. This Fjord is an enclosed basin of brackish water separated by a narrow and shallow outlet to the sea with a permanently anoxic layer. We show how an oxygenated intrusion could lead to both positive and negative effects on the ecosystem state in Hunnbunn due to a change in the biogeochemical structure.Results: During the stratified periods in 2009 and 2012 the anoxic layer amounted to approximately 10% of the total water …

Cultures Of Exile: Conversations On Language And The Arts, Eleni Bastéa, Walter Putnam, Mark Forte

Faculty Publications

The conference “Cultures of Exile: Conversations on Language and the Arts,” co-organized by Professors Eleni Bastea and Walter Putnam, was inspired by the music of Georges Moustaki (1934--2013), especially his song “Le Métèque” (1969). In “Le Métèque” Moustaki dealt with outsiders, strangers, and all those who do not share one homogeneous place of origin. What does it mean to be a “métèque,” an exile, an outsider today? Although often associated with loss and victimhood, exile can also foster artistic freedom, creativity, renewal, and empowerment. What is the role of the new place in the development of one’s artistic oeuvre? How …

Prior Experience Affects Allocation To Current Reproduction In A Burying Beetle, Eric J. Billman, J. Curtis Creighton, Mark C. Belk

Faculty Publications

The cost of reproduction hypothesis predicts that the level of reproductive investment to current reproduction is constrained by an individual’s future reproductive potential or residual reproductive value. Therefore, age, or differences between young and old individuals in residual reproductive value, is expected to influence reproductive investment. However, recent theoretical work suggests that residual reproductive value is also influenced by an individual’s state or condition which may in part be determined by prior reproductive experience. We evaluated the reproductive investment of same-aged female burying beetles (Nicrophorus orbicollis) to determine how prior reproductive experience affects current reproduction. Consistent with previous …

Transcriptional Activation Of Antioxidants May Compensate For Selenoprotein Deficiences In Amblyomma Maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) Injected With Selk- Or Selm- Dsrna, S. Adamson, R. Browning, P. Singh, S. Nobles, A. Villareal, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

The Gulf‐Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum, possesses an elaborate set of selenoproteins, which prevent the deleterious effects from oxidative stress that would otherwise occur during feeding. In the current work, we examined the role of selenoprotein K (SelK) and selenoprotein M (SelM) in feeding A. maculatum by bioinformatics, transcriptional gene expression, RNA interference and antioxidant assays. The transcriptional expression of SelK did not vary significantly in salivary glands or midguts throughout the bloodmeal. However, there was a 58‐fold increase in transcript levels of SelM in tick midguts. Ticks injected with selK‐dsRNA or selM‐dsRNA did not reveal any observable …

High School Students’ Stereotypic Images Of Scientists In South Korea, Eunjin Bang, Sissy Wong, Tonya D. Jeffery

Faculty Publications

This study explored stereotypical images of scientists held by tenth-grade students at three different gender organized institutions. The three institutions included an all-male, an all-female, and a co-educational high school located in South Korea. A total of 393 tenth-grade students from these three respective schools participated in a Draw-A-Scientist-Test (DAST), which was designed to reveal students’ perceptions about what scientists look like. After initial assessment of the DAST results, small numbers of students from each school were selected for follow-up focus group interviews. A mixed methods technique was used in order to analyse the DAST scores and data from the …

Automated Vehicles Are Probably Legal In The United States, Bryant Walker Smith

Faculty Publications

This article provides the most comprehensive discussion to date of whether so-called automated, autonomous, self-driving, or driverless vehicles can be lawfully sold and used on public roads in the United States. The short answer is that the computer direction of a motor vehicle’s steering, braking, and accelerating without real-time human input is probably legal. The long answer, which follows, provides a foundation for tailoring regulations and understanding liability issues related to these vehicles.

The article’s largely descriptive analysis, which begins with the principle that everything is permitted unless prohibited, covers three key legal regimes: the 1949 Geneva Convention on Road …

Unpermitted Urban Agriculture: Transgressive Actions, Changing Norms And The Local Food Movement, Sarah B. Schindler

Faculty Publications

Roberta keeps four chickens in her backyard. Bob snuck onto the vacant lot next door, which the bank foreclosed upon and now owns, and planted a vegetable garden. Vien operates an occasional underground restaurant from his friends’ microbrewery after beer-making operations cease for the day. The common thread tying these actions together is that they are unauthorized; they are being undertaken in violation of existing laws and often norms. In this Article, I explore ideas surrounding the overlap between food policy and land use law, specifically the transgressive1 actions that people living in urban and suburban communities are undertaking to …

The Transformative Twelfth Amendment, Joshua D. Hawley

Faculty Publications

This paper argues that the Twelfth Amendment represents far more than a mechanical adjustment of the electoral college. Rather, it is the constitutional text that gives us the political presidency that we know today. The Twelfth Amendment worked a major structural change in the relationship between the legislative and executive branches and for that reason bears directly on the debate over the unitary executive and the meaning of “executive power.” Specifically, presidential removal power is best justified not by the original Article II, but by the constitutional structure the Twelfth Amendment created. And the scope and definition of executive power …

Genetic Variation Among Western Populations Of The Horned Lark (Eremophila Alpestris) Indicates Recent Colonization Of The Channel Islands Off Southern California, Mainland-Bound Dispersal, And Postglacial Range Shifts, Nicholas A. Mason, Pascal O. Title, Carla Cicero, Kevin J. Burns, Rauri C.K. Bowie

Faculty Publications

© 2014 American Ornithologists' Union. The Channel Islands off the coast of southern California host >50 species of terrestrial vertebrates with varying degrees of phenotypic differentiation. However, most organisms that breed on the Channel Islands remain unstudied with respect to genetic differentiation from mainland populations. By comparing patterns of genetic variation between the Channel Islands and the mainland, we aimed to further our understanding of the role that the Channel Islands have played in diversification of the North American biota. We evaluated long-standing, untested hypotheses regarding colonization patterns and evolutionary relationships among western populations of the Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris), …

George Orwell's Classic Essay On Writing: The Best Style Handbook For Lawyers And Judges, Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

As Orwell's title intimates, the essay included criticism of political writing done by government officials and private observers. The essay's staying power, however, transcends the political arena. By calling on writers of all persuasions to "simplify your English," Orwell helped trigger the plain English movement, which still influences legislators, courts, administrative agencies, and law school legal writing classes.

This article proceeds in two parts. First I describe how judges, when they challenge colleagues or advocates in particular cases, still quote from Orwell's plea for clear expression and careful reasoning. Then I present Orwell's diagnosis of maladies that plagued contemporary prose, …

And By His Stripes We Were Healed, Gerald A. Klingbeil

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Concentrations And Sources Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Surface Coastal Sediments Of The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Zucheng Wang, Zhanfei Liu, Kehui Xu, Lawrence M. Mayer, Zulin Zhang, Alexander S. Kolker, Wei Wu

Faculty Publications

Background: Coastal sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico have a high potential of being contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), due to extensive petroleum exploration and transportation activities. In this study we evaluated the spatial distribution and contamination sources of PAHs, as well as the bioavailable fraction in the bulk PAH pool, in surface marsh and shelf sediments (top 5 cm) of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Results: PAH concentrations in this region ranged from 100 to 856 ng g(-1), with the highest concentrations in Mississippi River mouth sediments followed by marsh sediments and then …

Automated Tracking And Estimation For Control Of Non-Rigid Cloth, Marc D. Killpack

Faculty Publications

This report is a summary of research conducted on cloth tracking for automated textile manufacturing during a two semester long research course at Georgia Tech. This work was completed in 2009. Advances in current sensing technology such as the Microsoft Kinect would now allow me to relax certain assumptions and generally improve the tracking performance. This is because a major part of my approach described in this paper was to track features in a 2D image and use these to estimate the cloth deformation. Innovations such as the Kinect would improve estimation due to the automatic depth information obtained when …

A Conceptual Framework For Analyzing Social-Ecological Models Of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Melissa L. Finucane, Jefferson Fox, Sumeet Saksena, James H. Spencer

Faculty Publications

Unraveling mechanisms that underlie new and reemerging infectious diseases (EID) requires exploring complex interactions within and among coupled natural and human (CNH) systems. This scientifi c problem poses one of the most diffi cult challenges for society today (Wilcox and Colwell 2005 ). EID are diseases that have recently increased in incidence or in geographic or host range (e.g., tuberculosis, cholera, malaria, dengue fever), and diseases caused by new pathogens and new variants assigned to known pathogens (e.g., HIV, SARS, Nipah virus, and avian infl uenza) (Morse 2005 ). Wilcox and Gubler ( 2005 ) and Wilcox and Colwell ( …

Structural And Functional Analyses Of A Glutaminyl Cyclase From Ixodes Scapularis Reveal Metal-Independent Catalysis And Inhibitor Binding, Kai-Fa Huang, Hui-Ling Hsu, Shahid Karim, Andrew H.-J. Wang

Faculty Publications

Glutaminyl cyclases (QCs) from mammals and Drosophila are zinc-dependent enzymes that catalyze N-terminal pyroglutamate formation of numerous proteins and peptides. These enzymes have been found to be critical for the oviposition and embryogenesis of ticks, implying that they are possible physiological targets for tick control. Here, 1.10–1.15 Å resolution structures of a metal-independent QC from the black-legged tick Ixodes scapularis (Is-QC) are reported. The structures exhibit the typical scaffold of mammalian QCs but have two extra disulfide bridges that stabilize the central β-­sheet, resulting in an increased thermal stability. Is-QC contains ∼0.5 stoichiometric zinc ions, which could …

Love And Judgment: God's Triumph--Part 1, Jo Ann Davidson

Faculty Publications

Christians treasure God’s attributes of love, grace, and mercy, but many are uncomfortable with His justice because divine judgment deals with human sinfulness and guilt. Among many things the Bible makes plain, one of the foremost is God’s attitude of justice and judgment in the face of unrighteousness and sinfulness.

Applicability Of Latent Dirichlet Allocation To Multi-Disk Search, George E. Noel, Gilbert L. Peterson

Faculty Publications

Digital forensics practitioners face a continual increase in the volume of data they must analyze, which exacerbates the problem of finding relevant information in a noisy domain. Current technologies make use of keyword based search to isolate relevant documents and minimize false positives with respect to investigative goals. Unfortunately, selecting appropriate keywords is a complex and challenging task. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) offers a possible way to relax keyword selection by returning topically similar documents. This research compares regular expression search techniques and LDA using the Real Data Corpus (RDC). The RDC, a set of over 2400 disks from real …

Morphological Divergence Driven By Predation Environment Within And Between Species Of Brachyrhaphis Fishes, Spencer J. Ingley, Eric J. Billman, Mark C. Belk, Jerald B. Johnson

Faculty Publications

Natural selection often results in profound differences in body shape among populations from divergent selective environments. Predation is a well-studied driver of divergence, with predators having a strong effect on the evolution of prey body shape, especially for traits related to escape behavior. Comparative studies, both at the population level and between species, show that the presence or absence of predators can alter prey morphology. Although this pattern is well documented in various species or population pairs, few studies have tested for similar patterns of body shape evolution at multiple stages of divergence within a taxonomic group. Here, we examine …

Exploring Local Adaptation And The Ocean Acidification Seascape - Studies In The California Current Large Marine Ecosystem, G. E. Hofmann, T. G. Evans, M. W. Kelly, J. L. Padilla-Gamiño, C. A. Blanchette, L. Washburn, F. Chan, M. A. Mcmanus, B. A. Menge, B. Gaylord, T. M. Hill, E. Sanford, M. Lavigne, J. M. Rose, L. Kapsenberg, J. M. Dutton

Faculty Publications

The California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), a temperate marine region dominated by episodic upwelling, is predicted to experience rapid environmental change in the future due to ocean acidification. The aragonite saturation state within the California Current System is predicted to decrease in the future with near-permanent undersaturation conditions expected by the year 2050. Thus, the CCLME is a critical region to study due to the rapid rate of environmental change that resident organisms will experience and because of the economic and societal value of this coastal region. Recent efforts by a research consortium-the Ocean Margin Ecosystems Group for Acidification …

Restitution Without Context: An Examination Of The Losing Contract Problem In The Restatement (Third) Of Restitution, William J. Woodward Jr.

Faculty Publications

Professor Stewart Macaulay wondered in 1959 whether restitution, a set of doctrines applied in a wide range of fact-laden contexts, could be captured in a restitution casebook that, inevitably, would strip away much of the context for the law’s application. Restitution reappeared early in this new Century when the American Law Institute decided to “restate” restitution; the final product was approved In 2011. Several sections focused on the role of restitution in settings that began with a contract, or with a contract later “avoided” under contract law.

This article is about one of those situations, that in which the party …

Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Assay Of Phosphofructokinase-1, Andrew Malina, Sherrisse K. Bryant, Simon H. Chang, Grover L. Waldrop, S. Douglass Gilman

Faculty Publications

An assay was developed for phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) using capillary electrophoresis (CE). In the glycolytic pathway, this enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step from fructose-6-phosphate and magnesium-bound adenosine triphosphate (Mg-ATP) to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and magnesium-bound adenosine diphosphate (Mg-ADP). This enzyme has recently become a research target because of the importance of glycolysis in cancer and obesity. The CE assay for PFK-1 is based on the separation and detection by ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 260 nm of Mg-ATP and Mg-ADP. The separation was enhanced by the addition of Mg 2+ to the separation buffer. Inhibition studies of PFK-1 by aurintricarboxylic acid and palmitoyl coenzyme …

Can Crude Oil Toxicity On Phytoplankton Be Predicted Based On Toxicity Data On Benzo(A)Pyrene And Naphthalene?, Koray Ozhan, Sibel Bargu

Faculty Publications

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are major components of crude oil, are responsible in large part for the toxicity of crude oil to phytoplankton. This study addressed the following question. Can reliable predictions of the aquatic toxicity of crude oil, a multi-component mixture, be described from toxicity data on individual PAH compounds? Naphthalene, the most abundant PAH compound, and benzo(a)pyrene, a highly toxic PAH compound, were selected as model compounds to quantify toxicity of crude oil on two phytoplankton species, Ditylum brightwellii and Heterocapsa triquetra, by analyzing the effects of different concentrations of these PAHs on growth rate. EC50 values …

Resistant Starch From High Amylose Maize (Ham-Rs2) And Dietary Butyrate Reduce Abdominal Fat By A Different Apparent Mechanism, Kirk Vidrine, Jianping Ye, Roy J. Martin, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Anne M. Raggio, Christine Pelkman, Holiday A. Durham, June Zhou, Reshani N. Senevirathne, Cathy Williams, Frank Greenway, John Finley, Zhanguo Gao, Felicia Goldsmith, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

Objective Obesity is a health concern. Resistant starch (RS) type 2 from high-amylose maize (HAM-RS2) and dietary sodium butyrate (SB) reduce abdominal fat in rodents. RS treatment is associated with increased gut hormones peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), but it is not known if SB increases these hormones. Design and Methods This was investigated in a 2 × 2 rat study with HAM-RS2 (0 or 28% weight) and dietary sodium butyrate (0 and 3.2%) resulting in isocaloric treatments: energy control (EC), sodium butyrate (SB), HAM-RS2 (RS), and the combination (SBRS). Results RS and SB reduced abdominal fat …

Resistant Starch From High Amylose Maize (Ham-Rs2) And Dietary Butyrate Reduce Abdominal Fat By A Different Apparent Mechanism, Kirk Vidrine, Jianping Ye, Roy J. Martin, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Anne M. Raggio, Christine Pelkman, Holiday A. Durham, June Zhou, Reshani N. Senevirathne, Cathy Williams, Frank Greenway, John Finley, Zhanguo Gao, Felicia Goldsmith, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

Objective Obesity is a health concern. Resistant starch (RS) type 2 from high-amylose maize (HAM-RS2) and dietary sodium butyrate (SB) reduce abdominal fat in rodents. RS treatment is associated with increased gut hormones peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), but it is not known if SB increases these hormones. Design and Methods This was investigated in a 2 × 2 rat study with HAM-RS2 (0 or 28% weight) and dietary sodium butyrate (0 and 3.2%) resulting in isocaloric treatments: energy control (EC), sodium butyrate (SB), HAM-RS2 (RS), and the combination (SBRS). Results RS and SB reduced abdominal fat …

Oncostatin M Is Produced In Adipose Tissue And Is Regulated In Conditions Of Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes, David Sanchez-Infantes, Ursula A. White, Carrie M. Elks, Ron F. Morrison, Jeffrey M. Gimble, Robert V. Considine, Anthony W. Ferrante, Eric Ravussin, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

Context: Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ that secretes many factors that affect other tissues and whole-body metabolism. Adipocytes are responsive to several glycoprotein 130 (gp130) cytokines, some of which have been targeted as potential antiobesity therapeutics. Objective: Oncostatin M (OSM) is a gp130 family member known to inhibit adipocyte differentiation in vitro, but its effects on other adipocyte properties are not characterized. The expression of OSM in white adipose tissue (WAT) has not been evaluated in the context of obesity. Thus, our objective was to examine the expression of adipose tissue OSM in obese animals and humans. …

Virulence And Biotype Analyses Of Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Populations From Texas, Louisiana, And Oklahoma, Sandra Garcés-Carrera, Allen Knutson, Haiyan Wang, Kristopher L. Giles, Fangneng Huang, R. Jeffrey Whitworth, C. Michael Smith, Ming Shun Chen

Faculty Publications

Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say, 1817), is a major pest of wheat, and is controlled mainly through deploying fly-resistant wheat cultivars. The challenge for the plant resistance approach is that virulence of Hessian fly populations in the field is dynamic, and wheat cultivars may lose resistance within 6 - 8 yr. To ensure continuous success of host plant resistance, Hessian fly populations in the field need to be constantly monitored to determine which resistance genes remain effective in different geographic regions. This study investigated five Hessian fly populations collected from Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma, where infestation by Hessian fly has …

Effects Of Biological Control On Long-Term Population Dynamics: Identifying Unexpected Outcomes, James R. Reilly, Bret D. Elderd

Faculty Publications

Attempts to control natural systems through management have often met with success but have also led to unexpected and often undesirable outcomes. Unfortunately, the ultimate result of such management programmes may not be apparent until long after the control efforts have begun. This is particularly true for forest-defoliating species that exhibit long-period cycles such as the invasive gypsy moth Lymantria dispar, which causes widespread damage in some years but is rare in other years. We studied the effects of two commonly employed biocontrol agents on gypsy moth dynamics using a series of field-tested and empirically parameterized mathematical models, which allowed …