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Effect Of Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles Concentration On Lactation Performance Of Holstein Cows, M. E. Mccormick, S. Forbes, V. R. Moreira, D. C. Blouin, K. J. Han Jan 2015

Effect Of Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles Concentration On Lactation Performance Of Holstein Cows, M. E. Mccormick, S. Forbes, V. R. Moreira, D. C. Blouin, K. J. Han

Faculty Publications

© 2015 American Dairy Science Association. Forty-eight Holstein cows (32 multiparous and 16 primiparous) in mid to late lactation averaging 219 ± 71 days in milk and 30.5 ± 6.6. kg/d of 3.5% fat-corrected milk were used in a 56-d completely randomized design experiment to evaluate condensed corn distillers solubles (CCDS) inclusion in high-fiber total mixed rations (TMR). Inclusion rates evaluated were 0, 6.6, 13.2, and 19.8% CCDS as a percentage of dry matter (DM). Distiller solubles substituted for soybean meal, corn grain, and whole cottonseed such that diets were similar in protein (16.6%) and fat (4.50%). Water was added …

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Complete Genome Sequence Of An Edwardsiella Piscicida-Like Species Isolated From Diseased Grouper In Israel, Stephen R. Reichley, Geoffrey C. Waldbieser, Michal Ucko, Angelo Colorni, Lidiya Dubytska, Ronald L. Thune, Mark L. Lawrence, Matt J. Griffin Jan 2015

Complete Genome Sequence Of An Edwardsiella Piscicida-Like Species Isolated From Diseased Grouper In Israel, Stephen R. Reichley, Geoffrey C. Waldbieser, Michal Ucko, Angelo Colorni, Lidiya Dubytska, Ronald L. Thune, Mark L. Lawrence, Matt J. Griffin

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Reichley et al. The Edwardsiella piscicida-like sp. is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe that causes disease in some fish species. We report here the complete genome sequence of a virulent isolate from a diseased white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) raised on the Red Sea in Israel, which contains a chromosome of 3,934,167 bp and no plasmids.

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New Species Diversity Revealed From Molecular And Morphological Characterization Of Gall-Inducing Calophya Spp. (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) From Brazilian Peppertree, Rodrigo Diaz, Aaron M. Dickey, Robert G. Shatters, Veronica Manrique, Marcelo D. Vitorino, William A. Overholt Jan 2015

New Species Diversity Revealed From Molecular And Morphological Characterization Of Gall-Inducing Calophya Spp. (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) From Brazilian Peppertree, Rodrigo Diaz, Aaron M. Dickey, Robert G. Shatters, Veronica Manrique, Marcelo D. Vitorino, William A. Overholt

Faculty Publications

Four populations of Calophya spp. (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) collected in Brazil were characterized using molecular and morphological methods. Examination of adults revealed the presence of 2 morphotypes, which were identified as C. latiforceps and C. terebinthifolii. However, morphological examination of 5th instar nymphs detected differences within C. latiforceps, with a population from Ubu, Espírito Santo, being distinct from the other 2 populations. Molecular characterization of the mitochondrial CO1 gene supported the presence of a new species of Calophya. .

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Diversity Of Arthropods Associated With Mikania Spp And Chromolaena Odorata (Asterales: Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) In Florida, R. Diaz, S. Romero, A. Roda, C. Mannion, W. A. Overholt Jan 2015

Diversity Of Arthropods Associated With Mikania Spp And Chromolaena Odorata (Asterales: Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) In Florida, R. Diaz, S. Romero, A. Roda, C. Mannion, W. A. Overholt

Faculty Publications

Summary Field surveys revealed that in south Florida the recently established Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asterales: Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) had a lower diversity of monophagous insect herbivores compared to the native Mikania spp or Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob. (Asterales: Asteraceae: Eupatorieae). In addition, Mikania micrantha served as a host for pests of agricultural and ornamental crops in Florida.

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Draft Genome Sequences Of Edwardsiella Ictaluri Strains Ladl11-100 And Ladl11-194 Isolated From Zebrafish Danio Rerio, Rui Wang, Hasan C. Tekedar, Mark L. Lawrence, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Joohyun Kim, Nayong Kim, Konstantin G. Kousoulas, John P. Hawke Jan 2015

Draft Genome Sequences Of Edwardsiella Ictaluri Strains Ladl11-100 And Ladl11-194 Isolated From Zebrafish Danio Rerio, Rui Wang, Hasan C. Tekedar, Mark L. Lawrence, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Joohyun Kim, Nayong Kim, Konstantin G. Kousoulas, John P. Hawke

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Wang et al. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of Edwardsiella ictaluri strains LADL11-100 and LADL11-194, two isolates from natural outbreaks of edwardsiellosis in the zebrafish Danio rerio, as well as the sequences of the plasmids carried by the zebrafish strain of E. ictaluri.

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Cofeeding Intra- And Interspecific Transmission Of An Emerging Insect-Borne Rickettsial Pathogen, Lisa D. Brown, Rebecca C. Christofferson, Kaikhushroo H. Banajee, Fabio Del Piero, Lane D. Foil, Kevin R. Macaluso Jan 2015

Cofeeding Intra- And Interspecific Transmission Of An Emerging Insect-Borne Rickettsial Pathogen, Lisa D. Brown, Rebecca C. Christofferson, Kaikhushroo H. Banajee, Fabio Del Piero, Lane D. Foil, Kevin R. Macaluso

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) are known as the primary vector and reservoir of Rickettsia felis, the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever; however, field surveys regularly report molecular detection of this infectious agent from other blood-feeding arthropods. The presence of R. felis in additional arthropods may be the result of chance consumption of an infectious bloodmeal, but isolation of viable rickettsiae circulating in the blood of suspected vertebrate reservoirs has not been demonstrated. Successful transmission of pathogens between actively blood-feeding arthropods in the absence of a disseminated …

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Comparative Gut Microbiota Of 59 Neotropical Bird Species, Sarah M. Hird, César Sánchez, Bryan C. Carstens, Robb T. Brumfield Jan 2015

Comparative Gut Microbiota Of 59 Neotropical Bird Species, Sarah M. Hird, César Sánchez, Bryan C. Carstens, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Hird, Sánchez, Carstens and Brumfield. The gut microbiota of vertebrates are essential to host health. Most non-model vertebrates, however, lack even a basic description of natural gut microbiota biodiversity. Here, we sampled 116 intestines from 59 Neotropical bird species and used the V6 region of the 16S rRNA molecule as a microbial fingerprint (average coverage per bird ~80,000 reads). A core microbiota of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria was identified, as well as several gut-associated genera. We tested 18 categorical variables associated with each bird for significant correlation to the gut microbiota; host taxonomic categories were most frequently …

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Similarity Thresholds Used In Dna Sequence Assembly Fromshort Reads Can Reduce The Comparability Of Population Histories Across Species, Michael G. Harvey, Caroline Duffie Judy, Glenn F. Seeholzer, James M. Maley, Gary R. Graves, Robb T. Brumfield Jan 2015

Similarity Thresholds Used In Dna Sequence Assembly Fromshort Reads Can Reduce The Comparability Of Population Histories Across Species, Michael G. Harvey, Caroline Duffie Judy, Glenn F. Seeholzer, James M. Maley, Gary R. Graves, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Harvey et al. Comparing inferences among datasets generated using short read sequencing may provide insight into the concerted impacts of divergence, gene flow and selection across organisms, but comparisons are complicated by biases introduced during dataset assembly. Sequence similarity thresholds allow the de novo assembly of short reads into clusters of alleles representing different loci, but the resulting datasets are sensitive to both the similarity threshold used and to the variation naturally present in the organism under study. Thresholds that require high sequence similarity among reads for assembly (stringent thresholds) as well as highly variable species may result …

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Protest, Policing, And The Petition Clause: A Review Of Ronald Krotoszynski's Reclaiming The Petition Clause, Christina E. Wells Jan 2015

Protest, Policing, And The Petition Clause: A Review Of Ronald Krotoszynski's Reclaiming The Petition Clause, Christina E. Wells

Faculty Publications

This essay, a short book review of Ronald Krotoszynski Jr.'s book, Reclaiming the Petition Clause Seditious Libel, "Offensive" Protest, and the Right to Petition the Government for Redress of Grievances, examines the variety of restrictions that actually affect protestors in the modern landscape. Professor Krotoszynski effectively argues that the Supreme Court's current use of content neutral time place and manner restrictions allows government officials to engage in surreptitious content censorship and also revives the defunct crime of seditious libel. His proposal to locate protestors' rights in the petition clause of the First Amendment is both historically grounded and attempts to …

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The Codex Alimentarius Commission, Corporate Influence, And International Trade: A Perspective On Fda's Global Role, Sam F. Halabi Jan 2015

The Codex Alimentarius Commission, Corporate Influence, And International Trade: A Perspective On Fda's Global Role, Sam F. Halabi

Faculty Publications

Section 305 of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act specifically calls for FDA to develop recommendations on whether and how to harmonize requirements under the Codex Alimentarius Commission (“Codex”), an international organization charged with developing food standards, guidelines, codes of practice and “other recommendations to ensure fair practices in food trade and protect[ion of] the health of consumers.” FDA’s International Food Safety Capacity-Building Plan is largely supportive and deferential to Codex, concluding that “the use of Codex standards helps assure a safe global food supply.” To be sure, Codex’s stated mission and policies should create and facilitate adoption of universal …

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Blueberries Improve Glucose Tolerance Without Altering Body Composition In Obese Postmenopausal Mice, Carrie M. Elks, Jennifer D. Terrebonne, Donald K. Ingram, Jacqueline M. Stephens Jan 2015

Blueberries Improve Glucose Tolerance Without Altering Body Composition In Obese Postmenopausal Mice, Carrie M. Elks, Jennifer D. Terrebonne, Donald K. Ingram, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Obesity Society. Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk increases significantly during menopause and remains elevated postmenopause. Several botanicals, including blueberries (BB), have been shown to delay MetS progression, but few studies have been conducted in postmenopausal animal models. Here, the effects of BB supplementation on obese postmenopausal mice using a chemically induced menopause model were examined. Methods After induction of menopause, mice were fed a high-fat diet or the same diet supplemented with 4% BB powder for 12 weeks. Body weight and body composition were measured, and mice were subjected to glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Serum triglycerides …

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Isothiocyanate-Rich Moringa Oleifera Extract Reduces Weight Gain, Insulin Resistance, And Hepatic Gluconeogenesis In Mice, Patricio Rojas-Silva, Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer, Peter Kuhn, Allison J. Richard, Shawna Wicks, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Zhong Wang, Randy Mynatt, William Cefalu, Ilya Raskin Jan 2015

Isothiocyanate-Rich Moringa Oleifera Extract Reduces Weight Gain, Insulin Resistance, And Hepatic Gluconeogenesis In Mice, Patricio Rojas-Silva, Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer, Peter Kuhn, Allison J. Richard, Shawna Wicks, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Zhong Wang, Randy Mynatt, William Cefalu, Ilya Raskin

Faculty Publications

© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. Scope: Moringa oleifera (moringa) is tropical plant traditionally used as an antidiabetic food. It produces structurally unique and chemically stable moringa isothiocyanates (MICs) that were evaluated for their therapeutic use in vivo. Methods and results: C57BL/6L mice fed very high fat diet (VHFD) supplemented with 5% moringa concentrate (MC, delivering 66 mg/kg/d of MICs) accumulated fat mass, had improved glucose tolerance and insulin signaling, and did not develop fatty liver disease compared to VHFD-fed mice. MC-fed group also had reduced plasma insulin, leptin, resistin, cholesterol, IL-1β, TNFα, and lower hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase …

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Tetrakis(P-Carboranylthio-Tetrafluorophenyl)Chlorin (Tpfc): Application For Photodynamic Therapy And Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Ryo Hiramatsu, Shinji Kawabata, Hiroki Tanaka, Yoshinori Sakurai, Minoru Suzuki, Koji Ono, Shin Ichi Miyatake, Toshihiko Kuroiwa, Erhong Hao, M. Graça H. Vicente Jan 2015

Tetrakis(P-Carboranylthio-Tetrafluorophenyl)Chlorin (Tpfc): Application For Photodynamic Therapy And Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Ryo Hiramatsu, Shinji Kawabata, Hiroki Tanaka, Yoshinori Sakurai, Minoru Suzuki, Koji Ono, Shin Ichi Miyatake, Toshihiko Kuroiwa, Erhong Hao, M. Graça H. Vicente

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Carboranyl-containing chlorins have emerged as promising dual sensitizers for use in both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), by virtue of their known tumor affinity, low cytotoxicity in dark conditions, and their strong absorptions in the red region of the optical spectrum. Tetrakis(p-carboranylthio-tetrafluorophenyl)chlorin (TPFC) is a new synthetic carboranyl-containing chlorin of high boron content (24% by weight). To evaluate TPFC's applicability as sensitizer for both PDT and BNCT, we performed an in vitro and in vivo study using F98 rat glioma cells and F98 rat glioma-bearing brain tumor models. For the in …

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Social Transitions Cause Rapid Behavioral And Neuroendocrine Changes, Karen P. Maruska Jan 2015

Social Transitions Cause Rapid Behavioral And Neuroendocrine Changes, Karen P. Maruska

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. All rights reserved. In species that form dominance hierarchies, there are often opportunities for low-ranking individuals to challenge high-ranking ones, resulting in a rise or fall in social rank. How does an animal rapidly detect, process, and then respond to these social transitions? This article explores and summarizes how these social transitions can rapidly (within 24 h) impact an individual's behavior, physiology, and brain, using the African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, as a model. Male A. burtoni form hierarchies in …

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Suppression Of Rnai By Dsrna-Degrading Rnaseiii Enzymes Of Viruses In Animals And Plants, Isabel Weinheimer, Yaming Jiu, Minna Liisa Rajamäki, Olli Matilainen, Jukka Kallijärvi, Wilmer J. Cuellar, Rui Lu, Mart Saarma, Carina I. Holmberg, Jussi Jäntti, Jari P.T. Valkonen Jan 2015

Suppression Of Rnai By Dsrna-Degrading Rnaseiii Enzymes Of Viruses In Animals And Plants, Isabel Weinheimer, Yaming Jiu, Minna Liisa Rajamäki, Olli Matilainen, Jukka Kallijärvi, Wilmer J. Cuellar, Rui Lu, Mart Saarma, Carina I. Holmberg, Jussi Jäntti, Jari P.T. Valkonen

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Weinheimer et al. Certain RNA and DNA viruses that infect plants, insects, fish or poikilothermic animals encode Class 1 RNaseIII endoribonuclease-like proteins. dsRNA-specific endoribonuclease activity of the RNaseIII of rock bream iridovirus infecting fish and Sweet potato chlorotic stunt crinivirus (SPCSV) infecting plants has been shown. Suppression of the host antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) pathway has been documented with the RNaseIII of SPCSV and Heliothis virescens ascovirus infecting insects. Suppression of RNAi by the viral RNaseIIIs in non-host organisms of different kingdoms is not known. Here we expressed PPR3, the RNaseIII of Pike-perch iridovirus, in the non-hosts Nicotiana …

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Co-Evolution Of Proteins And Solutions: Protein Adaptation Versus Cytoprotective Micromolecules And Their Roles In Marine Organisms, Paul H. Yancey, Joseph F. Siebenaller Jan 2015

Co-Evolution Of Proteins And Solutions: Protein Adaptation Versus Cytoprotective Micromolecules And Their Roles In Marine Organisms, Paul H. Yancey, Joseph F. Siebenaller

Faculty Publications

© 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. Organisms experience a wide range of environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and hydrostatic pressure, which pose challenges to biochemical processes. Studies on adaptations to such factors have largely focused on macromolecules, especially intrinsic adaptations in protein structure and function. However, micromolecular cosolutes can act as cytoprotectants in the cellular milieu to affect biochemical function and they are now recognized as important extrinsic adaptations. These solutes, both inorganic and organic, have been best characterized as osmolytes, which accumulate to reduce osmotic water loss. Singly, and in combination, many cosolutes have properties …

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Standards For Plant Synthetic Biology: A Common Syntax For Exchange Of Dna Parts, Nicola J. Patron, Diego Orzaez, Sylvestre Marillonnet, Heribert Warzecha, Colette Matthewman, Mark Youles, Oleg Raitskin, Aymeric Leveau, Gemma Farré, Christian Rogers, Alison Smith, Julian Hibberd, Alex A.R. Webb, James Locke, Sebastian Schornack, Jim Ajioka, David C. Baulcombe, Cyril Zipfel, Sophien Kamoun, Jonathan D.G. Jones, Hannah Kuhn, Silke Robatzek, H. Peter Van Esse, Dale Sanders, Giles Oldroyd, Cathie Martin, Rob Field, Sarah O'Connor, Samantha Fox, Brande Wulff, Ben Miller, Andy Breakspear, Guru Radhakrishnan Jan 2015

Standards For Plant Synthetic Biology: A Common Syntax For Exchange Of Dna Parts, Nicola J. Patron, Diego Orzaez, Sylvestre Marillonnet, Heribert Warzecha, Colette Matthewman, Mark Youles, Oleg Raitskin, Aymeric Leveau, Gemma Farré, Christian Rogers, Alison Smith, Julian Hibberd, Alex A.R. Webb, James Locke, Sebastian Schornack, Jim Ajioka, David C. Baulcombe, Cyril Zipfel, Sophien Kamoun, Jonathan D.G. Jones, Hannah Kuhn, Silke Robatzek, H. Peter Van Esse, Dale Sanders, Giles Oldroyd, Cathie Martin, Rob Field, Sarah O'Connor, Samantha Fox, Brande Wulff, Ben Miller, Andy Breakspear, Guru Radhakrishnan

Faculty Publications

© 2015 New Phytologist Trust. Inventors in the field of mechanical and electronic engineering can access multitudes of components and, thanks to standardization, parts from different manufacturers can be used in combination with each other. The introduction of BioBrick standards for the assembly of characterized DNA sequences was a landmark in microbial engineering, shaping the field of synthetic biology. Here, we describe a standard for Type IIS restriction endonuclease-mediated assembly, defining a common syntax of 12 fusion sites to enable the facile assembly of eukaryotic transcriptional units. This standard has been developed and agreed by representatives and leaders of the …

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Diosgenin, 4-Hydroxyisoleucine, And Fiber From Fenugreek: Mechanisms Of Actions And Potential Effects On Metabolic Syndrome, Scott Fuller, Jacqueline M. Stephens Jan 2015

Diosgenin, 4-Hydroxyisoleucine, And Fiber From Fenugreek: Mechanisms Of Actions And Potential Effects On Metabolic Syndrome, Scott Fuller, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

© 2015 American Society for Nutrition. Metabolic syndrome and its complications continue to rise in prevalence and show no signs of abating in the immediate future. Therefore, the search for effective treatments is a high priority in biomedical research. Products derived from botanicals have a time-honored history of use in the treatment of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. Trigonella foenum-graecum, commonly known as fenugreek, is an annual herbaceous plant that has been a staple of traditional herbal medicine in many cultures. Although fenugreek has been studied in both clinical and basic research settings, questions remain about its efficacy and …

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Fat In Flames: Influence Of Cytokines And Pattern Recognition Receptors On Adipocyte Lipolysis, Ryan W. Grant, Jacqueline M. Stephens Jan 2015

Fat In Flames: Influence Of Cytokines And Pattern Recognition Receptors On Adipocyte Lipolysis, Ryan W. Grant, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

© 2015 the American Physiological Society. Adipose tissue has the largest capacity to store energy in the body and provides energy through the release of free fatty acids during times of energy need. Different types of immune cells are recruited to adipose tissue under various physiological conditions, indicating that these cells contribute to the regulation of adipose tissue. One major pathway influenced by a number of immune cells is the release of free fatty acids through lipolysis during both physiological (e.g., cold stress) and pathophysiological processes (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes). Adipose tissue expansion during obesity leads to immune cell …

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Are Receptor Concentrations Correlated Across Tissues Within Individuals? A Case Study Examining Glucocorticoid And Mineralocorticoid Receptor Binding, Christine R. Lattin, Daniel E. Keniston, J. Michael Reed, L. Michael Romero Jan 2015

Are Receptor Concentrations Correlated Across Tissues Within Individuals? A Case Study Examining Glucocorticoid And Mineralocorticoid Receptor Binding, Christine R. Lattin, Daniel E. Keniston, J. Michael Reed, L. Michael Romero

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2015 by the Endocrine Society. Hormone receptors are a necessary (although not sufficient) part of the process through which hormones like corticosterone create physiological responses. However, it is currently unknown to what extent receptor concentrations across different target tissues may be correlated within individual animals. In this study, we examined this question using a large dataset of radioligand binding data for glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in 13 different tissues in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) (n = 72). Our data revealed that individual house sparrows tended to exhibit higher or lower receptor binding across all …

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Discordance Between Morphological And Molecular Species Boundaries Among Caribbean Species Of The Reef Sponge Callyspongia, Melissa B. Debiasse, Michael E. Hellberg Jan 2015

Discordance Between Morphological And Molecular Species Boundaries Among Caribbean Species Of The Reef Sponge Callyspongia, Melissa B. Debiasse, Michael E. Hellberg

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Authors. Sponges are among the most species-rich and ecologically important taxa on coral reefs, yet documenting their diversity is difficult due to the simplicity and plasticity of their morphological characters. Genetic attempts to identify species are hampered by the slow rate of mitochondrial sequence evolution characteristic of sponges and some other basal metazoans. Here we determine species boundaries of the Caribbean coral reef sponge genus Callyspongia using a multilocus, model-based approach. Based on sequence data from one mitochondrial (COI), one ribosomal (28S), and two single-copy nuclear protein-coding genes, we found evolutionarily distinct lineages were not concordant with …

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Serotonin 5-Ht2 Receptor Activation Prevents Allergic Asthma In A Mouse Model, Felix Nau, Justin Miller, Jordy Saravia, Terry Ahlert, Bangning Yu, Kyle I. Happel, Stephania A. Cormier, Charles D. Nichols Jan 2015

Serotonin 5-Ht2 Receptor Activation Prevents Allergic Asthma In A Mouse Model, Felix Nau, Justin Miller, Jordy Saravia, Terry Ahlert, Bangning Yu, Kyle I. Happel, Stephania A. Cormier, Charles D. Nichols

Faculty Publications

© 2015 the American Physiological Society. Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lung characterized by airways hyper-responsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and mucus hyperproduction. Current main-stream therapies include bronchodilators that relieve bronchoconstriction and inhaled glucocorticoids to reduce inflammation. The small molecule hormone and neurotransmitter serotonin has long been known to be involved in inflammatory processes; however, its precise role in asthma is unknown. We have previously established that activation of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A receptors has potent anti-inflammatory activity in primary cultures of vascular tissues and in the whole animal in vasculature and gut tissues. The 5-HT2A receptor agonist, (R)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine [(R)-DOI] is …

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Discovery And Confirmation Of Genes/Proteins Associated With Maize Aflatoxin Resistance, Z. Y. Chen, K. Rajasekaran, R. L. Brown, R. J. Sayler, D. Bhatnagar Jan 2015

Discovery And Confirmation Of Genes/Proteins Associated With Maize Aflatoxin Resistance, Z. Y. Chen, K. Rajasekaran, R. L. Brown, R. J. Sayler, D. Bhatnagar

Faculty Publications

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the major crops susceptible to Aspergillus flavus infection and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. Many earlier studies indicated the roles of kernel proteins, especially constitutively expressed proteins, in maize resistance to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin production. In this review, we examined the past and current efforts in identifying maize genes and proteins from kernel, rachis, and silk tissues that may play an important role in resistance to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination, as well as the efforts in determining the importance or involvement of them in maize resistance through biochemical, molecular and genetics …

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Atoxigenic Aspergillus Flavus Biological Control Of Aflatoxin Contamination: What Is The Mechanism?, K. E. Damann Jan 2015

Atoxigenic Aspergillus Flavus Biological Control Of Aflatoxin Contamination: What Is The Mechanism?, K. E. Damann

Faculty Publications

The term 'competitive exclusion' involving physical blockage of growth or access of the toxigenic strain to the seed target has been used to describe the mechanism of biological control of aflatoxin contamination. However, recent evidence suggests that a form of intraspecific aflatoxin inhibition requiring growth of the competing strains together during the infection process in such a way that hyphae physically interact or touch is the trigger for preventing induction of aflatoxin synthesis. This direct touch-based inhibition of aflatoxin synthesis is posited to be the mechanistic basis of biological control in this system. Evidence for this idea comes from the …

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Identification Of Potential Genetic Components Involved In The Deviant Quorum-Sensing Signaling Pathways Of Burkholderia Glumae Through A Functional Genomics Approach, Ruoxi Chen, Inderjit K. Barphagha, Jong Hyun Ham Jan 2015

Identification Of Potential Genetic Components Involved In The Deviant Quorum-Sensing Signaling Pathways Of Burkholderia Glumae Through A Functional Genomics Approach, Ruoxi Chen, Inderjit K. Barphagha, Jong Hyun Ham

Faculty Publications

Burkholderia glumae is the chief causal agent for bacterial panicle blight of rice. The acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum-sensing (QS) system dependent on a pair of luxI and luxR homologs, tofI and tofR, is the primary cell-to-cell signaling mechanism determining the virulence of this bacterium. Production of toxoflavin, a major virulence factor of B. glumae, is known to be dependent on the tofI/tofR QS system. In our previous study, however, it was observed that B. glumae mutants defective in tofI or tofR produced toxoflavin if they grew on the surface of a solid medium, suggesting that alternative signaling pathways independent of …

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The Many Chances Of Charles Darwin, Charles H. Pence Jan 2015

The Many Chances Of Charles Darwin, Charles H. Pence

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Can We Identify Genes With Increased Phylogenetic Reliability?, Vinson P. Doyle, Randee E. Young, Gavin J.P. Naylor, Jeremy M. Brown Jan 2015

Can We Identify Genes With Increased Phylogenetic Reliability?, Vinson P. Doyle, Randee E. Young, Gavin J.P. Naylor, Jeremy M. Brown

Faculty Publications

© The Author(s) 2015. Topological heterogeneity among gene trees is widely observed in phylogenomic analyses and some of this variation is likely caused by systematic error in gene tree estimation. Systematic error can be mitigated by improving models of sequence evolution to account for all evolutionary processes relevant to each gene or identifying those genes whose evolution best conforms to existing models. However, the best method for identifying such genes is not well established. Here, we ask if filtering genes according to their clock-likeness or posterior predictive effect size (PPES, an inference-based measure of model violation) improves phylogenetic reliability and …

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Jump-Diffusion Approximation Of Stochastic Reaction Dynamics: Error Bounds And Algorithms, Arnab Ganguly, Derya Altintan, Heinz Koeppl Jan 2015

Jump-Diffusion Approximation Of Stochastic Reaction Dynamics: Error Bounds And Algorithms, Arnab Ganguly, Derya Altintan, Heinz Koeppl

Faculty Publications

Biochemical processes in living cells are comprised of reactions with vastly varying speeds and molecular counts of the reactant species. Classical deterministic or stochastic approaches to modeling often fail to exploit this multiscale nature of the reaction systems. In this paper, we propose a jump-diffusion approximation to these types of multiscale systems that couples the two traditional modeling approaches. An error bound of the proposed approximation is derived and used to partition the reactions into two sets, where one set is modeled by continuous stochastic differential equations and the other by discrete state processes. The methodology leads to a very …

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Assessing Uncertainty In Coastal Marsh Core Sampling For Waterfowl Foods, Kevin M. Ringelman, Christopher K. Williams, John M. Coluccy Jan 2015

Assessing Uncertainty In Coastal Marsh Core Sampling For Waterfowl Foods, Kevin M. Ringelman, Christopher K. Williams, John M. Coluccy

Faculty Publications

Quantifying foraging resources available to waterfowl in different habitat types is important for estimating energetic carrying capacity. To accomplish this, most studies collect soil-core samples from the marsh substrate, sieve and sort food items, and extrapolate energy values to wetland or landscape scales. This is a costly and time-intensive process; furthermore, extrapolation methods yield energy estimates with large variances relative to the mean. From both research and management perspectives, it is important to understand sources of this variation and estimate the number of soil cores needed to reduce the variance to desired levels. Using 2,341 cores collected from freshwater and …

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A Resistant-Starch Enriched Yogurt: Fermentability, Sensory Characteristics, And A Pilot Study In Children, Frank Greenway, Jolene Zheng, Kayanush Aryana, Nikhil Dhurandhar, Richard Tulley, John Finley, Michael Keenan, Roy Martin, Christine Pelkman, Douglas Olson Jan 2015

A Resistant-Starch Enriched Yogurt: Fermentability, Sensory Characteristics, And A Pilot Study In Children, Frank Greenway, Jolene Zheng, Kayanush Aryana, Nikhil Dhurandhar, Richard Tulley, John Finley, Michael Keenan, Roy Martin, Christine Pelkman, Douglas Olson

Faculty Publications

The rising prevalence of obesity and the vulnerability of the pediatric age group have highlighted the critical need for a careful consideration of effective, safe, remedial and preventive dietary interventions. Amylose starch (RS2) from high-amylose maize (HAM) ferments in the gut and affects body weight. One hundred and ten children, of 7-8 (n=91) or 13-14 (n=19) years of age scored the sensory qualities of a yogurt supplemented with either HAM-RS2 or an amylopectin starch. The amylopectin starch yogurt was preferred to the HAM-RS2-enriched yogurt by 7-8 year old panelists (P<0.0001). Appearance, taste, and sandiness scores given by 13- to 14-year-old panelists were more favorable for the amylopectin starch yogurt than for HAM-RS2-enriched yogurt (P<0.05). HAM-RS2 supplementation resulted in acceptable (≥6 on a 1-9 scale) sensory and hedonic ratings of the yogurt in 74% of subjects. Four children consumed a HAM-RS2-enriched yogurt for four weeks to test its fermentability in a clinical trial. Three adolescents, but not the single pre-pubertal child, had reduced stool pH (P=0.1) and increased stool short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (P<0.05) including increased fecal acetate (P=0.02), and butyrate (P=0.089) from resistant starch (RS) fermentation and isobutyrate (P=0.01) from protein fermentation post-treatment suggesting a favorable change to the gut microbiota. HAM-RS2 was not modified by pasteurization of the yogurt, and may be a palatable way to increase fiber intake and stimulate colonic fermentation in adolescents. Future studies are planned to determine the concentration of HAM-RS2 that offers the optimal safe and effective strategy to prevent excessive fat gain in children.

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