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Singular Spaces: The Power And The Passion Of Spanish Art Environments, Jo Farb Hernandez Jan 2016

Singular Spaces: The Power And The Passion Of Spanish Art Environments, Jo Farb Hernandez

Faculty Publications

The art environments of Spain – like those the world over – display an astounding conceptual creativity and a vernacular, seat-of-the-pants approach to construction that makes use of locally available found, natural, and recycled objects as well as fabricated components built from scratch. Each result is unique, revealing each creator-builder’s interests, challenges, and concerns as they have developed over the course of a lifetime; as such, it is easy to understand why art environments are so complex. And because we are able to physically enter into and explore the constructions as visitors, we complete the artworks in the same way …

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Energy And Economy: Recognizing High-Energy Modernity As A Historical Period, Thomas Love, Cindy Isenhour Jan 2016

Energy And Economy: Recognizing High-Energy Modernity As A Historical Period, Thomas Love, Cindy Isenhour

Faculty Publications

This introduction to Economic Anthropology’s special issue on “Energy and Economy” argues that we might find inspiration for a much more engaged and public anthropology in an unlikely place—19th century evolutionist thought. In addition to studying the particularities of energy transitions, which anthropology does so well, a more engaged anthropology might also broaden its temporal horizons to consider the nature of the future “stage” into which humanity is hurtling in an era of resource depletion and climate change. Net energy (EROEI), or the energy “surplus” on which we build and maintain our complex societal arrangements, is a key tool …

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Seasonal Physiological Dynamics Of Maturing Female Southern Flounder (Paralichthys Lethostigma), Casey A. Grieshaber, Stephen R. Midway, Frederick S. Scharf, Heather Koopman, J. Adam Luckenbach, Mollie A. Middleton Jan 2016

Seasonal Physiological Dynamics Of Maturing Female Southern Flounder (Paralichthys Lethostigma), Casey A. Grieshaber, Stephen R. Midway, Frederick S. Scharf, Heather Koopman, J. Adam Luckenbach, Mollie A. Middleton

Faculty Publications

Physiological information is rarely used in descriptions of maturity for managed, wild fish species; however, the use of physiological data holds great promise to provide important detail on the complexities of oocyte development and maturity. Investigating southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma)—an overfished commercial and recreational fishery resource—we examined pre-spawn physiological changes in females to provide further detail of the maturation process. Given that adults of this species complete maturation and spawn in unknown offshore locations, information on pre-spawn physiological changes is particularly informative for both size- and age-based patterns of maturity. We evaluated seasonal and ontogenetic changes in hormone concentrations in …

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The Communistic Inclinations Of Sir Thomas More, David Ray Papke Jan 2016

The Communistic Inclinations Of Sir Thomas More, David Ray Papke

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Improving Treatment Of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Recommendations Based On Preclinical Studies, Judith R. Homberg, Evan J. Kyzar, Adam Michael Stewart, Michael Nguyen, Manoj K. Poudel, David J. Ecchevaria, Adam D. Collier, Siddharth Gaikwad, Viktor M. Klimenko, William Norton, Julian Pittman, Shun Nakamura, Mamiko Koshiba, Hideo Yamanouchi, Sergey A. Apryatin, Maria Luisa Scattoni, David M. Diamond, Jeremy F.P. Ullmann, Matthew O. Parker, Richard E. Brown, Cai Song, Allan V. Kalueff Jan 2016

Improving Treatment Of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Recommendations Based On Preclinical Studies, Judith R. Homberg, Evan J. Kyzar, Adam Michael Stewart, Michael Nguyen, Manoj K. Poudel, David J. Ecchevaria, Adam D. Collier, Siddharth Gaikwad, Viktor M. Klimenko, William Norton, Julian Pittman, Shun Nakamura, Mamiko Koshiba, Hideo Yamanouchi, Sergey A. Apryatin, Maria Luisa Scattoni, David M. Diamond, Jeremy F.P. Ullmann, Matthew O. Parker, Richard E. Brown, Cai Song, Allan V. Kalueff

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are common and severely debilitating. Their chronic nature and reliance on both genetic and environmental factors makes studying NDDs and their treatment a challenging task.Areas covered: Herein, the authors discuss the neurobiological mechanisms of NDDs, and present recommendations on their translational research and therapy, outlined by the International Stress and Behavior Society. Various drugs currently prescribed to treat NDDs also represent a highly diverse group. Acting on various neurotransmitter and physiological systems, these drugs often lack specificity of action, and are commonly used to treat multiple other psychiatric conditions. There has also been relatively little progress …

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More Than Meets The Eye: How Oculometric Behaviors Evolve Over The Course Of Automated Deception Detection Interactions, Jeffrey G. Proudfoot, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Judee K. Burgoon, Jay F. Nunamaker Jan 2016

More Than Meets The Eye: How Oculometric Behaviors Evolve Over The Course Of Automated Deception Detection Interactions, Jeffrey G. Proudfoot, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Judee K. Burgoon, Jay F. Nunamaker

Faculty Publications

Eye-tracking technology has exhibited promise for identifying deception in automated screening systems. Prior deception research using eye trackers has focused on the detection and interpretation of brief oculometric variations in response to stimuli (e.g., specific images or interview questions). However, more research is needed to understand how variations in oculometric behaviors evolve over the course of an interaction with a deception detection system. Using latent growth curve modeling, we tested hypotheses explaining how two oculometric behaviors—pupil dilation and eye-gaze fixation patterns—evolve over the course of a system interaction for three groups of participants: deceivers who see relevant stimuli (i.e., stimuli …

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Climate Change And The Confluence Of Natural And Human History: A Lawyer’S Perspective, Josh Eagle Jan 2016

Climate Change And The Confluence Of Natural And Human History: A Lawyer’S Perspective, Josh Eagle

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Branding Taxation, Jeffrey A. Maine, Xuan-Thao Nguyen Jan 2016

Branding Taxation, Jeffrey A. Maine, Xuan-Thao Nguyen

Faculty Publications

Branding is important not only to businesses,but also to the economy. The intellectual property laws and tax laws should thus further the legitimate goals of encouraging and protecting brand investments while maintaining a sound tax base. Intellectual property protections for branding depend on advertisement and enforcement, both of which demand significant amounts of private investment by firms. Although one would expect similar tax treatments of both categories of investment, the categories are actually treated as vastly different for federal income tax purposes. Additionally, tax distinctions also exist within each category. The result is that some branding investments are expensed and …

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Traditional Ecological Rulemaking, Anthony Moffa Jan 2016

Traditional Ecological Rulemaking, Anthony Moffa

Faculty Publications

This Article examines the implications of an increased role for Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in United States agency decisionmaking. Specifically, it contemplates where TEK might substantively and procedurally fit and, most importantly, whether a final agency action based on TEK would survive judicial scrutiny. In the midst of a growing body of scholarship questioning the wisdom of deference to agency expertise9 and the legitimacy of the administrative state writ large,10 this Article argues that there remains an important space in administrative rulemaking for the consideration of ways of understanding that differ from traditional Western norms. TEK can and should fill …

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Compelled Commercial Speech And The Consumer “Right To Know”, Jonathan H. Adler Jan 2016

Compelled Commercial Speech And The Consumer “Right To Know”, Jonathan H. Adler

Faculty Publications

Compelled commercial speech, including mandatory labeling and the disclosure of factually true information, should not be seen as a separate category of speech under the First Amendment. Rather, compelled commercial speech should be subject to the same level of protection as commercial speech generally. This means commercial speech compulsions, such as mandatory disclosures and labeling requirements, must be supported by a substantial government interest. The assertion of a consumer “right to know” does not constitute such an interest and cannot, by itself, justify compelled commercial speech. Allowing such a justification for compelled commercial speech would eviscerate any meaningful First Amendment …

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The Scope Of Preemption Under The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention And Tobacco Control Act, Sam F. Halabi Jan 2016

The Scope Of Preemption Under The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention And Tobacco Control Act, Sam F. Halabi

Faculty Publications

The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act endeavored to alter the regulatory regime for tobacco products in the United States by allocating authority to regulate tobacco products to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). While the law aims at greater transparency in the constituent components of cigarettes and non-combustible tobacco products, it also includes a provision which will bring FDA’s consumer protection and tobacco control mandates into tension: Section 911’s process for the approval of modified risk tobacco products. That provision allows tobacco manufacturers to submit applications to label products as “reduc[ing] the harm or the risk …

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Urban Microbiomes And Urban Agriculture: What Are The Connections And Why Should We Care?, Gary M. King Jan 2016

Urban Microbiomes And Urban Agriculture: What Are The Connections And Why Should We Care?, Gary M. King

Faculty Publications

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016. A large percentage (~50 %) of the global human population lives in urban systems. The transition from largely rural to urban lifestyles began gradually, but has accelerated. Given the magnitude of anthropogenic changes in the Earth system as a whole and concerns about resource availability and continued population growth, questions about the sustainability of urban systems have become a focal point for a variety of research and civic efforts, including programs promoting urban agriculture as a means to provide local food sources and to better manage critical nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The …

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Differential Roles Of Two Homologous Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Genes In Regulating Cell Cycle And Innate Immunity In Arabidopsis1[Open], Safae Hamdoun, Chong Zhang, Manroop Gill, Narender Kumar, Michelle Churchman, John C. Larkin, Ashley Kwon, Hua Lu Jan 2016

Differential Roles Of Two Homologous Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Genes In Regulating Cell Cycle And Innate Immunity In Arabidopsis1[Open], Safae Hamdoun, Chong Zhang, Manroop Gill, Narender Kumar, Michelle Churchman, John C. Larkin, Ashley Kwon, Hua Lu

Faculty Publications

© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved. Precise cell-cycle control is critical for plant development and responses to pathogen invasion. Two homologous cyclindependent kinase inhibitor genes, SIAMESE (SIM) and SIM-RELATED 1 (SMR1), were recently shown to regulate Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) defense based on phenotypes conferred by a sim smr1 double mutant. However, whether these two genes play differential roles in cell-cycle and defense control is unknown. In this report, we show that while acting synergistically to promote endoreplication, SIM and SMR1 play different roles in affecting the ploidy of trichome and leaf cells, respectively. In addition, we …

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African Fire Cultures, Cattle Ranching, And Colonial Landscape Transformations In The Neo-Tropics, Andrew Sluyter, Chris S. Duvall Jan 2016

African Fire Cultures, Cattle Ranching, And Colonial Landscape Transformations In The Neo-Tropics, Andrew Sluyter, Chris S. Duvall

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Rletters: A Web-Based Application For Text Analysis Of Journal Articles, Charles H. Pence Jan 2016

Rletters: A Web-Based Application For Text Analysis Of Journal Articles, Charles H. Pence

Faculty Publications

While textual analysis of the journal literature is a burgeoning field, there is still a profound lack of user-friendly software for accomplishing this task. RLetters is a free, open-source web application which provides researchers with an environment in which they can select sets of journal articles and analyze them with cutting-edge textual analysis tools. RLetters allows users without prior expertise in textual analysis to analyze word frequency, collocations, cooccurrences, term networks, and more. It is implemented in Ruby and scripts are provided to automate deployment.

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Igf1 And Adipose Tissue Homeostasis, Jacqueline M. Stephens Jan 2016

Igf1 And Adipose Tissue Homeostasis, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Modulation Of Il-27 In Adipocytes During Inflammatory Stress, Heesun Nam, Bradley S. Ferguson, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Ron F. Morrison Jan 2016

Modulation Of Il-27 In Adipocytes During Inflammatory Stress, Heesun Nam, Bradley S. Ferguson, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Ron F. Morrison

Faculty Publications

© 2015 The Obesity Society. Objective While it is well established that adipose tissue-derived inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms linking obesity with metabolic dysfunction, the inflammatory mediators involved have not been fully elucidated. Here, we explored IL-12 family cytokines with a focus on IL-27 during obesity-induced inflammation in mice and cultured adipocytes (ADs) following exposure to inflammatory stimuli. Methods Relative mRNA abundance of IL-12 cytokines was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in genetically obese B6-ob/ob mice as well as C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet and in ADs following exposure to inflammatory stimuli. …

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Centering Animals In Latin American History, Andrew Sluyter Jan 2016

Centering Animals In Latin American History, Andrew Sluyter

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Obesity Impairs Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Through Inhibition Of Ampk, Xing Fu, Meijun Zhu, Shuming Zhang, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Min Du Jan 2016

Obesity Impairs Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Through Inhibition Of Ampk, Xing Fu, Meijun Zhu, Shuming Zhang, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Min Du

Faculty Publications

© 2016 by the American Diabetes Association. Obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide and is accompanied by many complications, including impaired muscle regeneration. The obese condition is known to inhibit AMPK activity in multiple tissues. We hypothesized that the loss of AMPK activity is a major reason for hampered muscle regeneration in obese subjects. We found that obesity inhibits AMPK activity in regenerating muscle, which was associated with impeded satellite cell activation and impaired muscle regeneration. To test the mediatory role of AMPKα1, we knocked out AMPKα1 and found that both proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells are reduced after injury …

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International Intellectual Property Shelters, Sam F. Halabi Jan 2016

International Intellectual Property Shelters, Sam F. Halabi

Faculty Publications

The battle over the reach and strength of international protections for intellectual property rights is one of the critical flashpoints between wealthy and low-income countries: those protections are perceived to obstruct access to essential medicines, thwart regulatory efforts to promote individual and population health, and undermine traditional forms of agriculture and food production. While scholars have thoroughly tracked the bilateral and multilateral trade and investment treaties responsible for the expansion of international intellectual property rights worldwide, they have paid significantly less attention to the strength and form that opposition to international intellectual property expansion has taken. This Article examines the …

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Tip Enhanced Laser Ablation Sample Transfer For Mass Spectrometry, Kermit K. Murray, Suman Ghorai, Chinthaka A. Seneviratne Jan 2016

Tip Enhanced Laser Ablation Sample Transfer For Mass Spectrometry, Kermit K. Murray, Suman Ghorai, Chinthaka A. Seneviratne

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Materials Research Society. Mass spectrometry is one of the primary analysis techniques for biological analysis but there are technological barriers in sampling scale that must be overcome for it to be used to its full potential on the size scale of single cells. Current mass spectrometry imaging methods are limited in spatial resolution when analyzing large biomolecules. The goal of this project is to use atomic force microscope (AFM) tip enhanced laser ablation to remove material from cells and tissue and capture it for subsequent mass spectrometry analysis. The laser ablation sample transfer system uses an AFM stage …

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Comparison Of Electrophysiological Auditory Measures In Fishes, Karen P. Maruska, Joseph A. Sisneros Jan 2016

Comparison Of Electrophysiological Auditory Measures In Fishes, Karen P. Maruska, Joseph A. Sisneros

Faculty Publications

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. Sounds provide fishes with important information used to mediate behaviors such as predator avoidance, prey detection, and social communication. How we measure auditory capabilities in fishes, therefore, has crucial implications for interpreting how individual species use acoustic information in their natural habitat. Recent analyses have highlighted differences between behavioral and electrophysiologically determined hearing thresholds, but less is known about how physiological measures at different auditory processing levels compare within a single species. Here we provide one of the first comparisons of auditory threshold curves determined by different recording methods in a single fish species, …

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Coloration In The Polymorphic Frog Oophaga Pumilio Associates With Level Of Aggressiveness In Intraspecific And Interspecific Behavioral Interactions, Sandra P. Galeano, Kyle E. Harms Jan 2016

Coloration In The Polymorphic Frog Oophaga Pumilio Associates With Level Of Aggressiveness In Intraspecific And Interspecific Behavioral Interactions, Sandra P. Galeano, Kyle E. Harms

Faculty Publications

© 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Intraspecific morphological variation may correspond to behavioral variation that helps determine the nature of species interactions. Color variation among populations of variably toxic organisms has been shown to associate with alternative anti-predator behaviors. However, the effects of these alternative behavioral tendencies on the outcomes of interspecific interactions other than predator–prey remain largely unexplored. We investigated how coloration and body size variation in Oophaga pumilio, one of the most phenotypically diverse amphibians known, associated with territorial aggressiveness and how this association influenced the outcome of agonistic male–male interactions with conspecifics and heterospecifics of two sympatric species …

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Liposomes With Diverse Compositions Are Protected During Desiccation By Lea Proteins From Artemia Franciscana And Trehalose, Daniel S. Moore, Richard Hansen, Steven C. Hand Jan 2016

Liposomes With Diverse Compositions Are Protected During Desiccation By Lea Proteins From Artemia Franciscana And Trehalose, Daniel S. Moore, Richard Hansen, Steven C. Hand

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. Intracellular accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins and the disaccharide trehalose is associated with cellular desiccation tolerance in a number of animal species. Two LEA proteins from anhydrobiotic embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana were tested for the ability to protect liposomes of various compositions against desiccation-induced damage in the presence and absence of trehalose. Damage was assessed by carboxyfluorescein leakage after drying and rehydration. Further, using a cytoplasmic-localized (AfrLEA2) and a mitochondrial-targeted (AfrLEA3m) LEA protein allowed us to evaluate whether each may preferentially stabilize membranes of a particular lipid composition based …

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Crawling With Virus: Translational Insights From A Neonatal Mouse Model On The Pathogenesis Of Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Infants, Dahui You, Jordy Saravia, David Siefker, Bishwas Shrestha, Stephania A. Cormier Jan 2016

Crawling With Virus: Translational Insights From A Neonatal Mouse Model On The Pathogenesis Of Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Infants, Dahui You, Jordy Saravia, David Siefker, Bishwas Shrestha, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

© 2015, American Society for Microbiology. The infant immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains incompletely understood. Here we review the use of a neonatal mouse model of RSV infection to mimic severe infection in human infants. We describe numerous age-specific responses, organized by cell type, observed in RSV-infected neonatal mice and draw comparisons (when possible) to human infants.

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Autophagy Is Essential For Ultrafine Particle-Induced Inflammation And Mucus Hyperproduction In Airway Epithelium, Zhi Hua Chen, Yin Fang Wu, Ping Li Wang, Yan Ping Wu, Zhou Yang Li, Yun Zhao, Jie Sen Zhou, Chen Zhu, Chao Cao, Yuan Yuan Mao, Feng Xu, Bei Bei Wang, Stephania A. Cormier, Song Min Ying, Wen Li, Hua Hao Shen Jan 2016

Autophagy Is Essential For Ultrafine Particle-Induced Inflammation And Mucus Hyperproduction In Airway Epithelium, Zhi Hua Chen, Yin Fang Wu, Ping Li Wang, Yan Ping Wu, Zhou Yang Li, Yun Zhao, Jie Sen Zhou, Chen Zhu, Chao Cao, Yuan Yuan Mao, Feng Xu, Bei Bei Wang, Stephania A. Cormier, Song Min Ying, Wen Li, Hua Hao Shen

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Environmental ultrafine particulate matter (PM) is capable of inducing airway injury, while the detailed molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate pivotal roles of autophagy in regulation of inflammation and mucus hyperproduction induced by PM containing environmentally persistent free radicals in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and in mouse airways. PM was endocytosed by HBE cells and simultaneously triggered autophagosomes, which then engulfed the invading particles to form amphisomes and subsequent autolysosomes. Genetic blockage of autophagy markedly reduced PM-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines, e.g. IL8 and IL6, and MUC5AC in HBE cells. …

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Plastic And Evolved Responses To Global Change: What Can We Learn From Comparative Transcriptomics?, Melissa B. Debiasse, Morgan W. Kelly Jan 2016

Plastic And Evolved Responses To Global Change: What Can We Learn From Comparative Transcriptomics?, Melissa B. Debiasse, Morgan W. Kelly

Faculty Publications

© The American Genetic Association. 2015. All rights reserved. Physiological plasticity and adaptive evolution may facilitate persistence in a changing environment. As a result, there is an interest in understanding species' capacities for plastic and evolved responses, and the mechanisms by which these responses occur. Transcriptome sequencing has become a powerful tool for addressing these questions, providing insight into otherwise unobserved effects of changing conditions on organismal physiology and variation in these effects among individuals and populations. Here, we review recent studies using comparative transcriptomics to understand plastic and evolutionary responses to changing environments. We focus on 2 areas where …

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Biological Control Activities Of Rice-Associated Bacillus Sp. Strains Against Sheath Blight And Bacterial Panicle Blight Of Rice, Bishnu K. Shrestha, Hari Sharan Karki, Donald E. Groth, Nootjarin Jungkhun, Jong Hyun Ham Jan 2016

Biological Control Activities Of Rice-Associated Bacillus Sp. Strains Against Sheath Blight And Bacterial Panicle Blight Of Rice, Bishnu K. Shrestha, Hari Sharan Karki, Donald E. Groth, Nootjarin Jungkhun, Jong Hyun Ham

Faculty Publications

Potential biological control agents for two major rice diseases, sheath blight and bacterial panicle blight, were isolated from rice plants in this study. Rice-associated bacteria (RABs) isolated from rice plants grown in the field were tested for their antagonistic activities against the rice pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani and Burkholderia glumae, which cause sheath blight and bacterial panicle blight, respectively. Twenty-nine RABs were initially screened based on their antagonistic activities against both R. solani and B. glumae. In follow-up retests, 26 RABs of the 29 RABs were confirmed to have antimicrobial activities, but the rest three RABs did not reproduce any observable …

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Pteridine Levels And Head Weights Are Correlated With Age And Colony Task In The Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera, Frank D. Rinkevich, Joseph W. Margotta, Jean M. Pittman, James A. Ottea, Kristen B. Healy Jan 2016

Pteridine Levels And Head Weights Are Correlated With Age And Colony Task In The Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera, Frank D. Rinkevich, Joseph W. Margotta, Jean M. Pittman, James A. Ottea, Kristen B. Healy

Faculty Publications

Background. The age of an insect strongly influences many aspects of behavior and reproduction. The interaction of age and behavior is epitomized in the temporal polyethism of honey bees in which young adult bees perform nurse and maintenance duties within the colony, while older bees forage for nectar and pollen. Task transition is dynamic and driven by colony needs. However, an abundance of precocious foragers or overage nurses may have detrimental effects on the colony. Additionally, honey bee age affects insecticide sensitivity. Therefore, determining the age of a set of individual honey bees would be an important measurement of colony …

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Cognitive Phenotypes And The Evolution Of Animal Decisions, Tamra C. Mendelson, Courtney L. Fitzpatrick, Mark E. Hauber, Charles H. Pence, Rafael L. Rodríguez, Rebecca J. Safran, Caitlin A. Stern, Jeffrey R. Stevens Jan 2016

Cognitive Phenotypes And The Evolution Of Animal Decisions, Tamra C. Mendelson, Courtney L. Fitzpatrick, Mark E. Hauber, Charles H. Pence, Rafael L. Rodríguez, Rebecca J. Safran, Caitlin A. Stern, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Faculty Publications

Despite the clear fitness consequences of animal decisions, the science of animal decision making in evolutionary biology is underdeveloped compared with decision science in human psychology. Specifically, the field lacks a conceptual framework that defines and describes the relevant components of a decision, leading to imprecise language and concepts. The ‘judgment and decision-making’ (JDM) framework in human psychology is a powerful tool for framing and understanding human decisions, and we apply it here to components of animal decisions, which we refer to as ‘cognitive phenotypes’. We distinguish multiple cognitive phenotypes in the context of a JDM framework and highlight empirical …

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