Digital Commons Network^™

Structural Characterization Of Tick Cement Cones Collected From In Vivo And Artifical Membrane Blood-Fed Lone Star Ticks (Ambylomma Americanum), Rebekah Bullard, Paige Allen, Chien-Chung Chao, Jessica Douglas, Pradipta K. Das, Sarah E. Morgan, Wei-Mei Ching, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

The Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum, is endemic to the southeastern United States and capable of transmitting pathogenic diseases and causing non-pathogenic conditions. To remain firmly attached to the host, the tick secretes a proteinaceous matrix termed the cement cone which hardens around the tick’s mouthparts to assist in the attachment of the tick as well as to protect the mouthparts from the host immune system. Cement cones collected from ticks on a host are commonly contaminated with host skin and hair making analysis of the cone difficult. To reduce the contamination found in the cement cone, we have adapted …

Defining News: A Ten-Nation Perspective, August Grant, Jeffrey Wilkinson, Diane Guerrazzi, Yicheng Zhu

Faculty Publications

Worldwide, the consumption of news and information is greater than ever before. But twenty years of Internet news and a decade of social media have permanently altered the patterns of behaviors associated with how consumers look for news and even how they perceive what ‘news’ is for them. As the media landscape changes and old approaches no longer fit, it may be time to re-assess the fundamental definition of “news.” Traditional news values have been defined and extensively studied by Western researchers, but little attention has been paid to the correspondence of these definitions of news with consumers’ behavior in …

Phonetic Shift /Ɔr/ Phonemic Change? American English Mergers Over 40 Years, Joseph A. Stanley, Margaret E. L. Renwick

Faculty Publications

In this paper we analyze the vowel formants of a speaker over four decades to show phonemic change through time. Other real-time studies (Harrington, Palethorpe & Watson 2000; Harrington & Reubold 2015) have found that the vowel spaces of UK English speakers shift over the lifetime, likely as a consequence of interaction with speakers of other dialects or social classes. We focus on an understudied variety of English, spoken in the western United States, to investigate a pair of phonological mergers, the cord-card merger and the hoarse-horse merger.

Exposure To Mass Media And Interpersonal Counseling Has Additive Effects On Exclusive Breastfeeding And Its Psychosocial Determinants Among Vietnamese Mothers, Phuong H. Nguyen, Sunny S. Kim, Tuan T. Nguyen, Nemat Hajeebhoy, Lan M. Tran, Silvia Alayon, Marie T. Ruel, Rahul Rawat, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Purnima Menon

Faculty Publications

The pathways through which behavior change interventions impact breastfeeding practices have not been well studied. This study aimed to examine: (1) the effects of exposure to mass media and interpersonal counseling on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and hypothesized psychosocial determinants (i.e. knowledge, intention, beliefs, social norms, and self-efficacy); and (2) the pathways through which exposure to mass media and interpersonal counseling are associated with EBF. We used survey data from mothers with children< 2 year (n = 2045) from the 2013 process evaluation of Alive & Thrive’s program in Viet Nam. Multiple linear regression analyses and structural equation modeling were used to estimate effects. Exposure to mass media only, interpersonal counseling only, both or neither was 51%, 5%, 19% and 25%, respectively. Exposure to both mass media and interpersonal counseling had additive effects on EBF as well as on related psychosocial factors, compared with no exposure. For example, EBF prevalence was 26.1 percentage points (pp) higher in the group that received interpersonal counseling only, 3.9 pp higher in the mass media group and 31.8 pp higher in the group that received both interventions. As hypothesized, more than 90% of the total effect of the two interventions on EBF was explained by the psychosocial factors measured. Our findings suggest that combining different behavior change interventions leads to greater changes in psychosocial factors, which in turn positively affects breastfeeding behaviors.

Local Versus Generalized Phenotypes In Two Sympatric Aurelia Species: Understanding Jellyfish Ecology Using Genetics And Morphometrics, Luciano M. Chiaverano, Keith Bayha, William M. Graham

Faculty Publications

For individuals living in environmentally heterogeneous environments, a key component for adaptation and persistence is the extent of phenotypic differentiation in response to local environmental conditions. In order to determine the extent of environmentally induced morphological variation in a natural population distributed along environmental gradients, it is necessary to account for potential genetic differences contributing to morphological differentiation. In this study, we set out to quantify geographic morphological variation in the moon jellyfish Aurelia exposed at the extremes of a latitudinal environmental gradient in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). We used morphological data based on 28 characters, and genetic data …

A Cross-Species Bi-Clustering Approach To Identifying Conserved Co-Regulated Genes, Jiangwen Sun, Zongliang Jiang, Xiuchun Tian, Jinbo Bi

Faculty Publications

© 2016 The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. Motivation: A growing number of studies have explored the process of pre-implantation embryonic development of multiple mammalian species. However, the conservation and variation among different species in their developmental programming are poorly defined due to the lack of effective computational methods for detecting co-regularized genes that are conserved across species. The most sophisticated method to date for identifying conserved co-regulated genes is a two-step approach. This approach first identifies gene clusters for each species by a cluster analysis of gene expression data, and subsequently computes the overlaps of clusters identified …

Cellulose Structural Polymorphism In Plant Primary Cell Walls Investigated By High-Field 2d Solid-State Nmr Spectroscopy And Density Functional Theory Calculations, Tuo Wang, Hui Yang, James D. Kubicki, Mei Hong

Faculty Publications

© 2016 American Chemical Society. The native cellulose of bacterial, algal, and animal origins has been well studied structurally using X-ray and neutron diffraction and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and is known to consist of varying proportions of two allomorphs, Iα and Iβ, which differ in hydrogen bonding, chain packing, and local conformation. In comparison, cellulose structure in plant primary cell walls is much less understood because plant cellulose has lower crystallinity and extensive interactions with matrix polysaccharides. Here we have combined two-dimensional magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (solid-state NMR) spectroscopy at high magnetic fields with density functional theory (DFT) …

Aflatoxin-Exposure Of Vibrio Gazogenes As A Novel System For The Generation Of Aflatoxin Synthesis Inhibitors, Phani M. Gummadidala, Yung Pin Chen, Kevin R. Beauchesne, Kristen P. Miller, Chandrani Mitra, Michelle Velez-Martinez, Peter D. R. Moeller, John L. Ferry, Alan W. Decho, Anindya Chanda

Faculty Publications

Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin and a secondary metabolite, and the most potent known liver carcinogen that contaminates several important crops, and represents a significant threat to public health and the economy. Available approaches reported thus far have been insufficient to eliminate this threat, and therefore provide the rational to explore novel methods for preventing aflatoxin accumulation in the environment. Many terrestrial plants and microbes that share ecological niches and encounter the aflatoxin producers have the ability to synthesize compounds that inhibit aflatoxin synthesis. However, reports of natural aflatoxin inhibitors from marine ecosystem components that do not share ecological niches with …

Assessment Of Tick Antioxidant Responses To Exogenous Oxidative Stressors And Insight Into The Role Of Catalase In The Reproductive Fitness Of The Gulf Coast Tick, Amblyomma Maculatum, D. Kumar, K. Budachetri, V.C. Meyers, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

As obligate blood‐sucking ectoparasites, to avoid tissue damage, ticks must neutralize the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from uptake and digestion of a bloodmeal. Consequently, ticks utilize a battery of antioxidant molecules, including catalase (CAT), an enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) into water and oxygen. Here, we investigated the tick antioxidant machinery by exogenous injection of sublethal doses of H₂O₂ or paraquat. The relative transcript levels of selected Amblyomma maculatum antioxidant targets in tissues were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR following treatment. The results showed 2–16‐fold increases in target antioxidant gene …

Exposure To Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals During Gestation Lowers Energy Expenditure And Impairs Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function In Adult Mice, Erin J. Stephenson, Alyse Ragauskas, Sridhar Jaligama, Jeanna R. Redd, Jyothi Parvathareddy, Matthew J. Peloquin, Jordy Saravia, Joan C. Han, Stephania A. Cormier, Dave Bridges

Faculty Publications

© 2016 the American Physiological Society. We have investigated the effects of in utero exposure to environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) on growth, metabolism, energy utilization, and skeletal muscle mitochondria in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Pregnant mice were treated with laboratory-generated, combustion derived particular matter (MCP230). The adult offspring were placed on a high-fat diet for 12 wk, after which we observed a 9.8% increase in their body weight. The increase in body size observed in the MCP230-exposed mice was not associated with increases in food intake but was associated with a reduction in physical activity and lower …

Transcriptional Truncation Of The Long Coding Imprinted Gene Usp29, Hongzhi He, An Ye, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

© 2016 He et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Usp29 (Ubiquitin-specific protease 29) is a paternally expressed gene located upstream of another imprinted gene Peg3. In the current study, the transcription of this long coding gene spanning a 250-kb genomic distance was truncated using a knockin allele. According to the results, paternal transmission of the mutant allele resulted in reduced body and litter sizes whereas the maternal transmission caused no …

The Abiotic And Biotic Drivers Of Rapid Diversification In Andean Bellflowers (Campanulaceae), Laura P. Lagomarsino, Fabien L. Condamine, Alexandre Antonelli, Andreas Mulch, Charles C. Davis

Faculty Publications

© 2016 New Phytologist Trust. The tropical Andes of South America, the world's richest biodiversity hotspot, are home to many rapid radiations. While geological, climatic, and ecological processes collectively explain such radiations, their relative contributions are seldom examined within a single clade. We explore the contribution of these factors by applying a series of diversification models that incorporate mountain building, climate change, and trait evolution to the first dated phylogeny of Andean bellflowers (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). Our framework is novel for its direct incorporation of geological data on Andean uplift into a macroevolutionary model. We show that speciation and extinction are …

Hepatic Autophagy Contributes To The Metabolic Response To Dietary Protein Restriction, Tara M. Henagan, Thomas Laeger, Alexandra M. Navard, Diana Albarado, Robert C. Noland, Krisztian Stadler, Carrie M. Elks, David Burk, Christopher D. Morrison

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Autophagy is an essential cellular response which acts to release stored cellular substrates during nutrient restriction, and particularly plays a key role in the cellular response to amino acid restriction. However, there has been limited work testing whether the induction of autophagy is required for adaptive metabolic responses to dietary protein restriction in the whole animal. Here, we found that moderate dietary protein restriction led to a series of metabolic changes in rats, including increases in food intake and energy expenditure, the downregulation of hepatic fatty acid synthesis gene expression and reduced markers …

The Raf-Like Kinase Ilk1 And The High Affinity K+ Transporter Hak5 Are Required For Innate Immunity And Abiotic Stress Response, Elizabeth K. Brauer, Nagib Ahsan, Renee Dale, Naohiro Kato, Alison E. Coluccio, Miguel A. Piñeros, Leon V. Kochian, Jay J. Thelen, Sorina C. Popescu

Faculty Publications

© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. Plant perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and other environmental stresses trigger transient ion fluxes at the plasma membrane. Apart from the role of Ca2+ uptake in signaling, the regulation and significance of PAMPinduced ion fluxes in immunity remain unknown. We characterized the functions of INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE1 (ILK1) that encodes a Raf-like MAP2K kinase with functions insufficiently understood in plants. Analysis of ILK1 mutants impaired in the expression or kinase activity revealed that ILK1 contributes to plant defense to bacterial pathogens, osmotic stress sensitivity, and cellular responses and total ion …

Mechanisms Of Animal Diapause: Recent Developments From Nematodes, Crustaceans, Insects, And Fish, Steven C. Hand, David L. Denlinger, Jason E. Podrabsky, Richard Roy

Faculty Publications

© 2016 the American Physiological Society. Life cycle delays are beneficial for opportunistic species encountering suboptimal environments. Many animals display a programmed arrest of development (diapause) at some stage(s) of their development, and the diapause state may or may not be associated with some degree of metabolic depression. In this review, we will evaluate current advancements in our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the remarkable phenotype, as well as environmental cues that signal entry and termination of the state. The developmental stage at which diapause occurs dictates and constrains the mechanisms governing diapause. Considerable progress has been made in …

The Abiotic And Biotic Drivers Of Rapid Diversification In Andean Bellflowers (Campanulaceae), Laura P. Lagomarsino, Fabien L. Condamine, Alexandre Antonelli, Andreas Mulch, Charles C. Davis

Faculty Publications

© 2016 New Phytologist Trust. The tropical Andes of South America, the world's richest biodiversity hotspot, are home to many rapid radiations. While geological, climatic, and ecological processes collectively explain such radiations, their relative contributions are seldom examined within a single clade. We explore the contribution of these factors by applying a series of diversification models that incorporate mountain building, climate change, and trait evolution to the first dated phylogeny of Andean bellflowers (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). Our framework is novel for its direct incorporation of geological data on Andean uplift into a macroevolutionary model. We show that speciation and extinction are …

Addressing Emerging Risks: Scientific And Regulatory Challenges Associated With Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals, Tammy R. Dugas, Slawomir Lomnicki, Stephania A. Cormier, Barry Dellinger, Margaret Reams

Faculty Publications

© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Airborne fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM) are often generated through widely-used thermal processes such as the combustion of fuels or the thermal decomposition of waste. Residents near Superfund sites are exposed to PM through the inhalation of windblown dust, ingestion of soil and sediments, and inhalation of emissions from the on-site thermal treatment of contaminated soils. Epidemiological evidence supports a link between exposure to airborne PM and an increased risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. It is well-known that during combustion processes, incomplete combustion can lead to the production of …

Vector Species Richness Increases Haemorrhagic Disease Prevalence Through Functional Diversity Modulating The Duration Of Seasonal Transmission, Andrew W. Park, Christopher A. Cleveland, Tad A. Dallas, Joseph L. Corn

Faculty Publications

© Copyright Cambridge University Press 2015. SUMMARY Although many parasites are transmitted between hosts by a suite of arthropod vectors, the impact of vector biodiversity on parasite transmission is poorly understood. Positive relationships between host infection prevalence and vector species richness (SR) may operate through multiple mechanisms, including (i) increased vector abundance, (ii) a sampling effect in which species of high vectorial capacity are more likely to occur in species-rich communities, and (iii) functional diversity whereby communities comprised species with distinct phenologies may extend the duration of seasonal transmission. Teasing such mechanisms apart is impeded by a lack of appropriate …

Effects Of Weaning Method And Preconditioning Period On Calf Performance, Haptoglobin Concentrations, Feedlot Health And Performance, And Carcass Traits, J. E. Anderson, R. S. Walker, K. Harborth, M. Garcia, C. C. Williams

Faculty Publications

A 2-yr experiment evaluated weaning method and preconditioning period on calf preconditioning and feedlot performance, and carcass traits. Cross-bred steers from the Central (n = 142; BW = 280 ± 34.8 kg) and Hill Farm (n = 149; BW = 232 ± 25.3 kg) Research Stations in Louisiana were stratified by preweaning BW and breed within location into a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments included fenceline (began on d 0) or abrupt (began on d 7) weaning and a 21- or 42-d preconditioning period to yield 4 treatments. All calves were supplemented with an 18% CP feed fed at …

Cancer Stem-Like Cells Accumulated In Nickel-Induced Malignant Transformation, Lei Wang, Jia Fan, John Andrew Hitron, Young Ok Son, James T.F. Wise, Ram Vinod Roy, Donghern Kim, Jin Dai, Poyil Pratheeshkumar, Zhuo Zhang, Xianglin Shi

Faculty Publications

Nickel compounds are known as human carcinogens. Chronic environmental exposure to nickel is a worldwide health concern. Although the mechanisms of nickel-induced carcinogenesis are not well understood, recent studies suggest that stem cells/cancer stem cells are likely important targets. This study examines the role of cancer stem cells in nickelinduced cell transformation. The nontransformed human bronchial epithelial cell line (Beas-2B) was chronically exposed to nickel chloride for 12 months to induce cell transformation. Nickel induced Beas-2B cell transformation, and cancer stemlike cells were enriched in nickel-transformed cell (BNiT) population. The BNiT cancer stem-like cells demonstrated enhanced self-renewal and distinctive differentiation …

What Time Is It? Deep Learning Approaches For Circadian Rhythms, Forest Agostinelli, Nicholas Ceglia, Babak Shahbaba, Paolo Sassone-Corsi, Pierre Baldi

Faculty Publications

Motivation: Circadian rhythms date back to the origins of life, are found in virtually every species and every cell, and play fundamental roles in functions ranging from metabolism to cognition. Modern high-throughput technologies allow the measurement of concentrations of transcripts, metabolites and other species along the circadian cycle creating novel computational challenges and opportunities, including the problems of inferring whether a given species oscillate in circadian fashion or not, and inferring the time at which a set of measurements was taken.

Results: We first curate several large synthetic and biological time series datasets containing labels for both periodic and aperiodic …

Larval Fishes Utilize Batesian Mimicry As A Survival Strategy In The Plankton, Adam T. Greer, C. Brock Woodson, Cedric M. Guigand, Robert K. Cowan

Faculty Publications

Marine teleost fishes often experience over 99% mortality in the early life stages (eggs and larvae), yet larval survival is essential to population sustainability. Marine fish larvae from a wide range of families display elaborate, delicate features that bear little resemblance to adult forms and hinder their swimming escape ability by increasing drag. Here, we systematically examine the criteria needed for Batesian mimicry to evolve as a survival strategy and present new evidence from in situ imaging technology and simulation modelling to support the hypothesis that many larval morphological features (particularly long, delicate fin rays) and behaviors evolved at least …

Feeding Ecology Of Three Coastal Shark Species In The Northwest Gulf Of Mexico, Jeffrey D. Plumlee, R. J.David Wells

Faculty Publications

The feeding ecology of 3 coastal shark species-Atlantic sharpnose Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo, and blacktip Carcharhinus limbatus shark-was examined in the northwest Gulf of Mexico (GOM). A total of 601 sharks (305 Atlantic sharpnose, 239 bonnethead, and 57 blacktip) were collected over 2 yr from recreational anglers in Galveston, TX. All individuals had stomach contents examined and a subset (50 Atlantic sharpnose, 50 bonnethead, and 36 blacktip sharks) was analyzed for stable isotopes (carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur) in muscle tissue, revealing short-term and long-term feeding strategies. Both blacktip and Atlantic sharpnose shark stomach contents consisted of teleost fishes with …

Rickettsia Parkeri Colonization In Ambylomma Maculatum: The Role Of Superoxide Dismutases, Gary Crispell, Khemraj Budachetri, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

Background

The Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) is an arthropod vector of Rickettsia parkeri, the causative agent of American boutonneuse fever and an infectious agent of public health significance. In this study, we evaluated the biological significance of the superoxide dismutases (SODs) of A. maculatum in hematophagy and R. parkeri colonization within the tick host.

Methods

An RNA interference approach was used to measure the functional roles of tick SODs (Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD) in R. parkeri colonization of the tick vector. Total microbial load, R. parkeri infection rate, and compensatory mechanisms by tick genes were …

The Mechanosensory Lateral Line System Mediates Activation Of Socially-Relevant Brain Regions During Territorial Interactions, Julie M. Butler, Karen P. Maruska

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Butler and Maruska. Animals use multiple senses during social interactions and must integrate this information in the brain to make context-dependent behavioral decisions. For fishes, the largest group ofvertebrates, the mechanosensory lateral line system provides crucial hydrodynamic information for survival behaviors, but little is known about its function in social communication. Our previous work using the African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, provided the first empirical evidence that fish use their lateral line system to detect water movements from conspecifics for mutual assessment and behavioral choices. It is unknown, however, where this socially-relevant mechanosensory information is processed in the …

A Randomized Controlled Trial Of An Integrated Brain, Body, And Social Intervention For Children With Adhd, Stephanie D. Smith, Lawrence A. Vitulano, Liliya Katsovich, Shuaixing Li, Christina Moore, Fenghua Li, Heidi Grantz, Xixi Zheng, Virginia Eicher, Selin Aktan Guloksuz, Yi Zheng, Jinxia Dong, Denis G. Sukhodolsky, James F. Leckman

Faculty Publications

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of an Integrated Brain, Body, and Social (IBBS) intervention for children with ADHD. Treatment consisted of computerized cognitive remediation training, physical exercises, and a behavior management strategy.

Method: Ninety-two children aged 5 to 9 years with ADHD were randomly assigned to 15 weeks of IBBS or to treatment-as-usual. Primary outcome measures included blinded clinician ratings of ADHD symptoms and global clinical functioning. Secondary outcome measures consisted of parent and teacher ratings of ADHD and neurocognitive tests.

Results: No significant treatment effects were found on any of our primary outcome measures. In terms of secondary …

Destruction Of Opportunistic Pathogens Via Polymer Nanoparticle-Mediated Release Of Plant-Based Antimicrobial Payloads, Dahlia N. Amato, Douglas V. Amato, Olga V. Mavrodi, Dwaine A. Braasch, Susan E. Walley, Jessica R. Douglas, Dmitri V. Mavrodi, Derek L. Patton

Faculty Publications

The synthesis of antimicrobial thymol/carvacrol‐loaded polythioether nanoparticles (NPs) via a one‐pot, solvent‐free miniemulsion thiol‐ene photopolymerization process is reported. The active antimicrobial agents, thymol and carvacrol, are employed as “solvents” for the thiol‐ene monomer phase in the miniemulsion to enable facile high capacity loading (≈50% w/w), excellent encapsulation efficiencies (>95%), and elimination of all postpolymerization purification processes. The NPs serve as high capacity reservoirs for slow‐release and delivery of thymol/carvacrol‐combination payloads that exhibit inhibitory and bactericidal activity (>99.9% kill efficiency at 24 h) against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria, including both saprophytic (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Escherichia coli …

How Novelle May Have Shaped Visual Imaginations, Patricia A. Emison

Faculty Publications

Artists figure fairly frequently in novelle, so it is not unreasonable to suppose that they may have taken more than a passing interest in the genre. Although much scholarly effort has been dedicated to the task of exploring how Horace’s adage “ut pictura poësis” affected the course of the visual arts during the Italian Renaissance and vast scholarly effort has been assigned to the study of Boccaccio’s literary efforts (much more so than the efforts of his successors), relatively little effort has been spent on the dauntingly interdisciplinary task of estimating how the development of prose literary imagination may have …

Repeated Low-Dose Kainate Administration In C57bl/6j Mice Produces Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Pathology But Infrequent Spontaneous Seizures., Umpierre Ad, Bennett Iv, Nebeker Ld, Newell Tg, Tian Bb, Thomson Ke, White Hs, White Ja, Wilcox Ks

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Discovery Of A New Repeat Family In The Callithrix Jacchus Genome, Miriam K. Konkel, Brygg Ullmer, Erika L. Arceneaux, Sreeja Sanampudi, Sarah A. Brantley, Robert Hubley, Arian F.A. Smit, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Konkel et al. We identified a novel repeat family, termed Platy-1, in the Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) genome that arose around the time of the divergence of platyrrhines and catarrhines and established itself as a repeat family in New World monkeys (NWMs). A full-length Platy-1 element is ~100 bp in length, making it the shortest known short interspersed element (SINE) in primates, and harbors features characteristic of non-LTR retrotransposons. We identified 2268 full-length Platy-1 elements across 62 subfamilies in the common marmoset genome. Our subfamily reconstruction and phylogenetic analyses support Platy-1 propagation throughout the evolution of NWMs in …