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Articles 2041 - 2070 of 6812

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Advocating For Science: Amici Curiae Brief Of Wetland And Water Scientists In Support Of The Clean Water Rule, R C. Gardner, E Okuno, S Tai, M S. Fennessy, R C. Gardner, M L. Otte, M Palmer, J E. Perry, C Simenstad, B R. Tanner, D Tufford, R. Eugene Turner, K Work, S C. Yaich, J B. Zedler Jan 2019

Advocating For Science: Amici Curiae Brief Of Wetland And Water Scientists In Support Of The Clean Water Rule, R C. Gardner, E Okuno, S Tai, M S. Fennessy, R C. Gardner, M L. Otte, M Palmer, J E. Perry, C Simenstad, B R. Tanner, D Tufford, R. Eugene Turner, K Work, S C. Yaich, J B. Zedler

Faculty Publications

The Trump administration has proposed replacing the Clean Water Rule, a 2015 regulation that defined the statutory term waters of the United States to clarify the geographic jurisdiction of the Clean Water Act. Since its promulgation, the Clean Water Rule has been subjected to numerous judicial challenges. We submitted an amici curiae brief to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, explaining why the Clean Water Rule, and its definition of waters of the United States, is scientifically sound. The definition of waters of the United States is a legal determination informed by science. The best available …

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Feedback Of Coastal Marshes To Climate Change: Long-Term Phenological Shifts, Y Mo, M S. Kearney, R. Eugene Turner Jan 2019

Feedback Of Coastal Marshes To Climate Change: Long-Term Phenological Shifts, Y Mo, M S. Kearney, R. Eugene Turner

Faculty Publications

Coastal marshes are important carbon sinks facing serious threats from climatic stressors. Current research reveals that the growth of individual marsh plants is susceptible to a changing climate, but the responses of different marsh systems at a landscape scale are less clear. Here, we document the multi-decadal changes in the phenology and the area of the extensive coastal marshes in Louisiana, USA, a representative of coastal ecosystems around the world that currently experiencing sea-level rise, temperature warming, and atmospheric CO2 increase. The phenological records are constructed using the longest continuous satellite-based record of the Earth's ecosystems, the Landsat data, and …

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Effects Of Temperature And Salinity On Body Fluid Dynamics And Metabolism In The Estuarine Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys Terrapin), Amanda Southwood Williard, Leigh Anne Harden, T. Todd Jones, Stephen R. Midway Jan 2019

Effects Of Temperature And Salinity On Body Fluid Dynamics And Metabolism In The Estuarine Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys Terrapin), Amanda Southwood Williard, Leigh Anne Harden, T. Todd Jones, Stephen R. Midway

Faculty Publications

The diamondback terrapin is the only temperate turtle species that exclusively inhabits estuarine environments. Morphological, behavioral and physiological features contribute to the terrapin’s ability to regulate body fluid osmotic pressure in a euryhaline environment. Low integument permeability combined with aquatic–terrestrial shuttling behavior limits passive exchange of water and salts with the environment, and terrapins regulate active uptake of salts via alterations in drinking and feeding behavior. The lachrymal salt gland facilitates excretion of excess sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) ions through active transport mechanisms. We investigated body fluid dynamics, oxygen consumption (V O2) and osmotic status …

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Viral Sovereignty, Intellectual Property, And The Changing Global System For Sharing Pathogens For Infectious Disease Research, Sam F. Halabi Jan 2019

Viral Sovereignty, Intellectual Property, And The Changing Global System For Sharing Pathogens For Infectious Disease Research, Sam F. Halabi

Faculty Publications

This article analyzes the substantial changes under way in the global system for infectious disease research demonstrated by the changing practices in negotiating MTAs. Instead of the open system of sharing bacterial and viral human pathogens that characterized the research system for much of the 20th Century, notions of "viral sovereignty," access contingent upon provisions like sharing research benefits, and acrimonious negotiations, are far more common. The increasing barriers to the flow of research material and related data like genetic sequencing information are posing threats to public health responses and the potential use of such resources in diagnostic, therapeutic, and …

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Coerced Choice: School Vouchers And Students With Disabilities, Claire Raj Jan 2019

Coerced Choice: School Vouchers And Students With Disabilities, Claire Raj

Faculty Publications

The landscape of public education, once thought to be a core function of the state, is shifting towards privatization. The appointment of Betsy DeVos as U.S. Secretary of Education further cements this shift. In particular, DeVos intends to vastly expand the availability of vouchers and tax credits that use public dollars to fund private school tuition. The debate over this expansion and its impact on traditional public schools has been polarizing and combative. Thus far, commentators have framed vouchers as purely matters of choice and increased educational opportunities. Drowned out in the debate are the voices of students with disabilities. …

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The Staffer's Error Doctrine, Jesse M. Cross Jan 2019

The Staffer's Error Doctrine, Jesse M. Cross

Faculty Publications

Over the last forty years, a new type of legislator has arisen in Congress: one who, rather than drafting statutes, instead manages a staff bureaucracy that produces these statutes. By becoming a manager of bills, not a drafter of them, this new legislator has altered a key relationship in our democracy: that between members of Congress and the laws they enact. Yet no study has documented how this modern relationship works — i.e., has chronicled how today’s federal legislators learn the contents of bills — and thereby shown the modern relationship between legislator and law. Nor has any study reflected …

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Equitable Health Savings Accounts, Samuel Estreicher, Clinton G. Wallace Jan 2019

Equitable Health Savings Accounts, Samuel Estreicher, Clinton G. Wallace

Faculty Publications

This Article offers the first comprehensive legal-policy critique of existing Health Savings Accounts (HSAs), arguing that the current approach is redistributively regressive, thus exacerbating inequality, and also fails to accomplish stated healthcare goals. We propose an alternative—Equitable Health Savings Accounts—which uses cash grants as a tool to address both of these problems. Equitable HSAs are a market-based social program that calibrates size and delivery of a government subsidy to help the least well off and to facilitate participation in healthcare markets. Equitable HSAs can serve as a model for using cash grants to bridge the gap between Republican social policy …

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Breaking The Norm Of School Reform, Derek Black Jan 2019

Breaking The Norm Of School Reform, Derek Black

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The "Evergreening" Metaphor In Intellectual Property Scholarship, Erika Lietzan Jan 2019

The "Evergreening" Metaphor In Intellectual Property Scholarship, Erika Lietzan

Faculty Publications

This article is a plea for changes in the scholarly dialogue about "evergreening" by drug companies. Allegations that drug companies engage in "evergreening" are pervasive in legal scholarship, economic scholarship, medical and health policy scholarship, and policy writing, and they have prompted significant policymaking proposals. This Article was motivated by concern that the metaphor has not been fully explained and that policymaking in response might therefore be premature. It canvasses and assesses the scholarly literature-more than 300 articles discussing or mentioning "evergreening." It catalogues the definitions, the examples, and the empirical studies. Scholars use the term when describing certain actions …

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Naringenin Promotes Thermogenic Gene Expression In Human White Adipose Tissue, Candida J. Rebello, Frank L. Greenway, Frank H. Lau, Yuan Lin, Jacqueline M. Stephens, William D. Johnson, Ann A. Coulter Jan 2019

Naringenin Promotes Thermogenic Gene Expression In Human White Adipose Tissue, Candida J. Rebello, Frank L. Greenway, Frank H. Lau, Yuan Lin, Jacqueline M. Stephens, William D. Johnson, Ann A. Coulter

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Obesity Society Objective: Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, prevents diet-induced weight gain and improves glucose and lipid metabolism in rodents. There is evidence that naringenin activates brown fat and increases energy expenditure in mice, but little is known about its effects in humans. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of naringenin on energy expenditure in adipose tissue. Methods: Human white adipocyte cultures (hADSC) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (pWAT) were treated with naringenin for 7 to 14 days. Expression (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting) of candidate genes involved in thermogenesis and glucose metabolism …

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Fabrication And Characterization Of Thiol-Triacrylate Polymer Via Michael Addition Reaction For Biomedical Applications, Anoosha Forghani, Leah Garber, Cong Chen, Fariborz Tavangarian, Timothy B. Tighe, Ram Devireddy, John A. Pojman, Daniel Hayes Jan 2019

Fabrication And Characterization Of Thiol-Triacrylate Polymer Via Michael Addition Reaction For Biomedical Applications, Anoosha Forghani, Leah Garber, Cong Chen, Fariborz Tavangarian, Timothy B. Tighe, Ram Devireddy, John A. Pojman, Daniel Hayes

Faculty Publications

© 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd. Thiol-acrylate polymers have therapeutic potential as biocompatible scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Synthesis of a novel cyto-compatible and biodegradable polymer composed of trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate-trimethylolpropane tris (3-mercaptopropionate) (TMPeTA-TMPTMP) using a simple amine-catalyzed Michael addition reaction is reported in this study. This study explores the impact of molecular weight and crosslink density on the cyto-compatibility of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells. Eight groups were prepared with two different average molecular weights of trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TMPeTA 692 and 912) and four different concentrations of diethylamine (DEA) as catalyst. The materials were physically characterized by mechanical …

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Dominin And Segon Form Multiprotein Particles In The Plasma Of Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica) And Are Likely Involved In Shell Formation, Qinggang Xue, Jean Philipe Beguel, Jerome La Peyre Jan 2019

Dominin And Segon Form Multiprotein Particles In The Plasma Of Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica) And Are Likely Involved In Shell Formation, Qinggang Xue, Jean Philipe Beguel, Jerome La Peyre

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2019 Xue, Beguel and La Peyre. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Dominin and segon are two proteins purified and characterized from the plasma of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica, making up about 70% of the total plasma …

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Growth And Development Symposium: Stem And Progenitor Cells In Animal Growth: The Regulation Of Beef Quality By Resident Progenitor Cells, Xing Fu, Chaoyang Li, Qianglin Liu, Kenneth W. Mcmillin Jan 2019

Growth And Development Symposium: Stem And Progenitor Cells In Animal Growth: The Regulation Of Beef Quality By Resident Progenitor Cells, Xing Fu, Chaoyang Li, Qianglin Liu, Kenneth W. Mcmillin

Faculty Publications

© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. The intramuscular adipose tissue deposition in the skeletal muscle of beef cattle is a highly desired trait essential for high-quality beef. In contrast, the excessive accumulation of crosslinked collagen in intramuscular connective tissue contributes to beef toughness. Recent studies revealed that adipose tissue and connective tissue share an embryonic origin in mice and may be derived from a common immediate bipotent precursor in mice and humans. Having the same linkages in the development of adipose tissue and connective tissue …

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Erk1/2 Signaling Induces Skeletal Muscle Slow Fiber-Type Switching And Reduces Muscular Dystrophy Disease Severity, Justin G. Boyer, Vikram Prasad, Taejeong Song, Donghoon Lee, Xing Fu, Kelly M. Grimes, Michelle A. Sargent, Sakthivel Sadayappan, Jeffery D. Molkentin Jan 2019

Erk1/2 Signaling Induces Skeletal Muscle Slow Fiber-Type Switching And Reduces Muscular Dystrophy Disease Severity, Justin G. Boyer, Vikram Prasad, Taejeong Song, Donghoon Lee, Xing Fu, Kelly M. Grimes, Michelle A. Sargent, Sakthivel Sadayappan, Jeffery D. Molkentin

Faculty Publications

© 2019 American Society for Clinical Investigation. MAPK signaling consists of an array of successively acting kinases. ERK1 and -2 (ERK1/2) are major components of the greater MAPK cascade that transduce growth factor signaling at the cell membrane. Here, we investigated ERK1/2 signaling in skeletal muscle homeostasis and disease. Using mouse genetics, we observed that the muscle-specifc expression of a constitutively active MEK1 mutant promotes greater ERK1/2 signaling that mediates fber-type switching to a slow, oxidative phenotype with type I myosin heavy chain expression. Using a conditional and temporally regulated Cre strategy, as well as Mapk1 (ERK2) and Mapk3 (ERK1) …

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Synthesis And Investigation Of Phthalocyanine-Biotin Conjugates, M. Graca H. Vicente, Elizabeth A. Okoth, Zehua Zhou, Benson Ongarora Jan 2019

Synthesis And Investigation Of Phthalocyanine-Biotin Conjugates, M. Graca H. Vicente, Elizabeth A. Okoth, Zehua Zhou, Benson Ongarora

Faculty Publications

An isothiocyanato-functionalized phthalocyanine (Pc) was synthesized in good yield from the corresponding amine-substituted Pc. This Pc reacted with ethanolamine, biotin hydrazine, and biotin diethylamine under mild conditions (room temperature in DMF or DMSO in the presence of TEA) to produce the corresponding thiourea products in 60-75% yields. All Pcs showed intense Q absorptions in DMF around 677 nm, emissions centered at 683 nm, and fluorescence quantum yields in the range 0.18-0.27. The Pcs were phototoxic to human carcinoma HEp2 cells (IC50 similar to 7 at 1.5 J/cm(2)) and localized in multiple organelles, including the lysosomes, Golgi and ER. One biotin-Pc …

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Review Of The Herds Shot Round The World: Native Breeds And The British Empire, 1800—1900, By Rebecca Woods, Andrew Sluyter Jan 2019

Review Of The Herds Shot Round The World: Native Breeds And The British Empire, 1800—1900, By Rebecca Woods, Andrew Sluyter

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Multidimensional Poverty Of The Ethnic Tibetan Farm And Herder Households In Gansu Province, China, Fan Yang, Krishna Paudel, Tianhui Zhuang, Yao Jiang Jan 2019

Multidimensional Poverty Of The Ethnic Tibetan Farm And Herder Households In Gansu Province, China, Fan Yang, Krishna Paudel, Tianhui Zhuang, Yao Jiang

Faculty Publications

© 2019, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. All rights reserved. Ethnic Tibetan farm and herder households (FHH) in Gansu Province, China are stricken with poverty. Solving the poverty problem in this or other poverty pockets across China has special importance for the country’s political stability, ethnic unity, social well-being, and ecological security. This paper calculates the multidimensional poverty situation of ethnic Tibetan farm and herder households of Gansu Province, China by using the Alkire-Foster method. Twelve indicators are included in the multidimensional poverty indicator system. Results showed that 1) in the single indicator measure, the adult family members received at …

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Mitofusin 2 Plays A Role In Oocyte And Follicle Development, And Is Required To Maintain Ovarian Follicular Reserve During Reproductive Aging, Man Zhang, Muhammed Burak Bener, Zongliang Jiang, Tianren Wang, Ecem Esencan, Richard Scott, Tamas Horvath, Emre Seli Jan 2019

Mitofusin 2 Plays A Role In Oocyte And Follicle Development, And Is Required To Maintain Ovarian Follicular Reserve During Reproductive Aging, Man Zhang, Muhammed Burak Bener, Zongliang Jiang, Tianren Wang, Ecem Esencan, Richard Scott, Tamas Horvath, Emre Seli

Faculty Publications

© Zhang et al. Mitochondria change their shape through fusion and fission in order to adapt to their metabolic milieu. Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a key regulatory protein in this process, mediating mitochondrial fusion and interaction with endoplasmic reticulum. Targeted deletion of Mfn2 in oocytes resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and female subfertility associated with impaired oocyte maturation and follicle development. Oocytes lacking MFN2 showed shortened telomeres and increased apoptosis, resulting in compromised oocyte quality and accelerated follicular depletion, consistent with a reproductive aging phenotype.

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Dosage Compensation Of The X Chromosomes In Bovine Germline, Early Embryos, And Somatic Tissues, Jingyue Duan, Wei Shi, Nathaniel K. Jue, Zongliang Jiang, Lynn Kuo, Rachel O’Neill, Eckhard Wolf, Hong Dong, Xinbao Zheng, Jingbo Chen, Xiuchun Tian Jan 2019

Dosage Compensation Of The X Chromosomes In Bovine Germline, Early Embryos, And Somatic Tissues, Jingyue Duan, Wei Shi, Nathaniel K. Jue, Zongliang Jiang, Lynn Kuo, Rachel O’Neill, Eckhard Wolf, Hong Dong, Xinbao Zheng, Jingbo Chen, Xiuchun Tian

Faculty Publications

© The Author(s) 2018. Dosage compensation of the mammalian X chromosome (X) was proposed by Susumu Ohno as a mechanism wherein the inactivation of one X in females would lead to doubling the expression of the other. This would resolve the dosage imbalance between eutherian females (XX) versus male (XY) and between a single active X versus autosome pairs (A). Expression ratio of X- and A-linked genes has been relatively well studied in humans and mice, despite controversial results over the existence of upregulation of X-linked genes. Here we report the first comprehensive test of Ohno’s hypothesis in bovine preattachment …

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Methylome Dynamics Of Bovine Gametes And In Vivo Early Embryos, Jingyue Ellie Duan, Zongliang Carl Jiang, Fahad Alqahtani, Ion Mandoiu, Hong Dong, Xinbao Zheng, Sadie L. Marjani, Jingbo Chen, Xiuchun Cindy Tian Jan 2019

Methylome Dynamics Of Bovine Gametes And In Vivo Early Embryos, Jingyue Ellie Duan, Zongliang Carl Jiang, Fahad Alqahtani, Ion Mandoiu, Hong Dong, Xinbao Zheng, Sadie L. Marjani, Jingbo Chen, Xiuchun Cindy Tian

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2019 Duan, Jiang, Alqahtani, Mandoiu, Dong, Zheng, Marjani, Chen and Tian. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. DNA methylation undergoes drastic fluctuation during early mammalian embryogenesis. The dynamics of global DNA methylation in bovine embryos, however, have …

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Dosage Compensation And Gene Expression Of The X Chromosome In Sheep, Jingyue Duan, Kaleigh Flock, Nathanial Jue, Mingyuan Zhang, Amanda Jones, Sahar Al Seesi, Ion Mandoiu, Sambhu Pillai, Maria Hoffman, Rachel O'Neill, Steven Zinn, Kristen Govoni, Sarah Reed, Hesheng Jiang, Zongliang Jiang, Xiuchun Tian Jan 2019

Dosage Compensation And Gene Expression Of The X Chromosome In Sheep, Jingyue Duan, Kaleigh Flock, Nathanial Jue, Mingyuan Zhang, Amanda Jones, Sahar Al Seesi, Ion Mandoiu, Sambhu Pillai, Maria Hoffman, Rachel O'Neill, Steven Zinn, Kristen Govoni, Sarah Reed, Hesheng Jiang, Zongliang Jiang, Xiuchun Tian

Faculty Publications

© 2019 by the Genetics Society of America. Ohno's hypothesis predicts that the expression of the single X chromosome in males needs compensatory upregulation to balance its dosage with that of the diploid autosomes. Additionally, X chromosome inactivation ensures that quadruple expression of the two X chromosomes is avoided in females. These mechanisms have been actively studied in mice and humans but lag behind in domestic species. Using RNA sequencing data, we analyzed the X chromosome upregulation in sheep fetal tissues from day 135 of gestation under control, over or restricted maternal diets (100%, 140% and 60% of National Research …

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The Diverging Right(S) To Bear Arms: Private Armament And The Second And Fourteenth Amendments In Historical Context, Alexander Gouzoules Jan 2019

The Diverging Right(S) To Bear Arms: Private Armament And The Second And Fourteenth Amendments In Historical Context, Alexander Gouzoules

Faculty Publications

This article compares the historical evolution of the social understanding of private armament with contemporary legal doctrine on the right to bear arms. The District of Columbia v. Heller decision, which held that the Second Amendment protects a personal right to self-defense, and the McDonald v. City of Chicago decision, which held the Second Amendment to be incorporated by the Fourteenth Amendment, both turned on extensive historical analysis. But by reading a broad “individual right to self-defense” into both the Second and Fourteenth Amendments, the Court assumed continuity between the social understandings at the time of these amendments’ respective ratifications. …

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Normal Tissue Damage: Its Importance, History And Challenges For The Future, Jacqueline P. Williams, Wayne Newhauser Jan 2019

Normal Tissue Damage: Its Importance, History And Challenges For The Future, Jacqueline P. Williams, Wayne Newhauser

Faculty Publications

Sir Oliver Scott, a philanthropist and radiation biologist and, therefore, the epitome of a gentleman and a scholar, was an early Director of the BECC Radiobiology Research Unit at Mount Vernon. His tenure preceded that of Jack Fowler, with both contributing to basic, translational and clinical thought and application in radiation across the globe. With respect to this review, Fowler's name in particular has remained synonymous with the use of models, both animal and mathematical, that assess and quantify the biological mechanisms that underlie radiation-associated normal tissue toxicities. An understanding of these effects is critical to the optimal use of …

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Effects Of Lifestyle Intervention On Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide In Obese Adults, M L. Erickson, S K. Malin, Z N. Wang, J M. Brown, M L. Erickson, J P. Kirwan Jan 2019

Effects Of Lifestyle Intervention On Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide In Obese Adults, M L. Erickson, S K. Malin, Z N. Wang, J M. Brown, M L. Erickson, J P. Kirwan

Faculty Publications

Accumulating evidence linking trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has prompted interest in developing therapeutic strategies to reduce its production. We compared two lifestyle intervention approaches: hypocaloric versus eucaloric diet, combined with exercise, on TMAO levels in relation to CVD risk factors. Sixteen obese adults (66.1 +/- 4.4 years, BMI (body mass index): 35.9 +/- 5.3 kg/m(2), fasting glucose: 106 +/- 16 mg/dL, 2-h PPG (postprandial glucose): 168 +/- 37 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of exercise (5 days/week, 80-85% HRmax (maximal heart rate)) plus either a hypocaloric (HYPO) (-500 kcal) or a eucaloric (EU) diet. …

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Ecogeographical Rules And The Macroecology Of Food Webs, Benjamin Baiser, Dominique Gravel, Alyssa R. Cirtwill, Jennifer A. Dunne, Ashkaan K. Fahimipour, Luis J. Gilarranz, Joshua A. Grochow, Daijiang Li, Neo D. Martinez, Alicia Mcgrew, Timothée Poisot, Tamara N. Romanuk, Daniel B. Stouffer, Lauren B. Trotta, Fernanda S. Valdovinos, Richard J. Williams, Spencer A. Wood, Justin D. Yeakel Jan 2019

Ecogeographical Rules And The Macroecology Of Food Webs, Benjamin Baiser, Dominique Gravel, Alyssa R. Cirtwill, Jennifer A. Dunne, Ashkaan K. Fahimipour, Luis J. Gilarranz, Joshua A. Grochow, Daijiang Li, Neo D. Martinez, Alicia Mcgrew, Timothée Poisot, Tamara N. Romanuk, Daniel B. Stouffer, Lauren B. Trotta, Fernanda S. Valdovinos, Richard J. Williams, Spencer A. Wood, Justin D. Yeakel

Faculty Publications

© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Aim: How do factors such as space, time, climate and other ecological drivers influence food web structure and dynamics? Collections of well-studied food webs and replicate food webs from the same system that span biogeographical and ecological gradients now enable detailed, quantitative investigation of such questions and help integrate food web ecology and macroecology. Here, we integrate macroecology and food web ecology by focusing on how ecogeographical rules [the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), Bergmann's rule, the island rule and Rapoport's rule] are associated with the architecture of food webs. Location: Global. Time period: …

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Population Expansion Of An Antarctic King Crab?, Michael E. Hellberg, Richard B. Aronson, Kathryn E. Smith, Mark I. Duhon, Shane T. Ahyong, Gustavo A. Lovrich, Sven Thatje, James B. Mcclintock Jan 2019

Population Expansion Of An Antarctic King Crab?, Michael E. Hellberg, Richard B. Aronson, Kathryn E. Smith, Mark I. Duhon, Shane T. Ahyong, Gustavo A. Lovrich, Sven Thatje, James B. Mcclintock

Faculty Publications

© 2019, the authors. Benthic assemblages of the Antarctic continental shelf are dominated by sessile and slow-moving, epifaunal invertebrates. This community structure persists because shell-crushing (durophagous) predators are absent or ecologically insignificant in shelf habitats. Durophagous teleosts, elasmobranchs, and crustaceans have been excluded by cold waters over the Antarctic shelf for millions of years. Now, as shallow waters warm rapidly, predatory king crabs (Lithodidae) living in the upper bathyal zone could emerge onto the shelf and into nearshore habitats. To assess the potential for a bathymetric expansion, we genetically inferred the historical demography of a population of the most abundant …

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Role Of Type I Interferon (Ifn) In The Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Rsv) Immune Response And Disease Severity, Diego R. Hijano, Luan D. Vu, Lawrence M. Kauvar, Ralph A. Tripp, Fernando P. Polack, Stephania A. Cormier Jan 2019

Role Of Type I Interferon (Ifn) In The Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Rsv) Immune Response And Disease Severity, Diego R. Hijano, Luan D. Vu, Lawrence M. Kauvar, Ralph A. Tripp, Fernando P. Polack, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

© 2019 Hijano, Vu, Kauvar, Tripp, Polack and Cormier. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children patients, such as premature infants, patients with cardiac …

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Larval Pollen Stress Increases Adult Susceptibility To Clothianidin In Honey Bees, Christina L. Mogren, Robert G. Danka, Kristen B. Healy Jan 2019

Larval Pollen Stress Increases Adult Susceptibility To Clothianidin In Honey Bees, Christina L. Mogren, Robert G. Danka, Kristen B. Healy

Faculty Publications

Neonicotinoid insecticides have come under scrutiny for their potential role in honey bee declines. Additionally, reduced access to forage in agricultural areas creates the potential for risk interactions with these pesticides in regions critical for honey production. In this study, we sought to determine whether sufficient access to pollen during larval development could mitigate stress associated with oral clothianidin exposure in honey bee adults. An apiary was established where pollen traps deprived half of the colonies of pollen, which was then supplemented to the others. Adults were fed 0, 10, 40, 200, or 400 µg/L clothianidin in the laboratory, and …

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Management Of Economically Important Insect Pests Of Millet, Ruparao T. Gahukar, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Tom Royer Jan 2019

Management Of Economically Important Insect Pests Of Millet, Ruparao T. Gahukar, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Tom Royer

Faculty Publications

Grain of various species of millet is a staple food of rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and China. In addition, millet is used as poultry and cattle feed in the United States, and the foliage is fodder for cattle in India. The crop is damaged by at least 150 insect pests during its growth and development. Although the current status of all of these pests is not known, shoot flies, stem borers, leaf-sucking, and the panicle-attacking insects are considered economically important. Control measures include the application of synthetic pesticides (as both seed treatment and foliar applications) and …

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Dosage Compensation Of The X Chromosomes In Bovine Germline, Early Embryos, And Somatic Tissues, Zongliang Jiang Jan 2019

Dosage Compensation Of The X Chromosomes In Bovine Germline, Early Embryos, And Somatic Tissues, Zongliang Jiang

Faculty Publications

Dosage compensation of the mammalian X chromosome (X) was proposed by Susumu Ohno as a mechanism wherein the inactivation of one X in females would lead to doubling the expression of the other. This would resolve the dosage imbalance between eutherian females (XX) versus male (XY) and between a single active X versus autosome pairs (A). Expression ratio of X- and A-linked genes has been relatively well studied in humans and mice, despite controversial results over the existence of upregulation of X-linked genes. Here we report the first comprehensive test of Ohno's hypothesis in bovine preattachment embryos, germline, and somatic …

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