Digital Commons Network^™

Substance, Procedure, And The Rules Enabling Act, A. Benjamin Spencer

Faculty Publications

The Supreme Court promulgates rules of procedure (based on the proposals of subordinate rulemaking committees) pursuant to the Rules Enabling Act. This statute empowers the Court to prescribe "general rules of practice and procedure," with the caveat that "[s]uch rules shall not abridge, enlarge or modify any substantive right." The Act is supposed to stand as a real constraint on what rules or alterations thereof the subordinate rulemaking bodies will consider or propose, as well as on how the Court will choose to interpret any given codified Federal Rule. However, the Act has not-to date-been employed to invalidate a promulgated …

Intelligent Machine Learning: Tailor-Making Macromolecules, Yousef Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Alexander Penlidis, Esmaiel Jabbari, Florian J. Stadler, Philippe Zinck, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski

Faculty Publications

Nowadays, polymer reaction engineers seek robust and effective tools to synthesize complex macromolecules with well-defined and desirable microstructural and architectural characteristics. Over the past few decades, several promising approaches, such as controlled living (co)polymerization systems and chain-shuttling reactions have been proposed and widely applied to synthesize rather complex macromolecules with controlled monomer sequences. Despite the unique potential of the newly developed techniques, tailor-making the microstructure of macromolecules by suggesting the most appropriate polymerization recipe still remains a very challenging task. In the current work, two versatile and powerful tools capable of effectively addressing the aforementioned questions have been proposed and …

Mandatory Multilateralism, Evan J. Criddle, Evan Fox-Decent

Faculty Publications

This Article challenges the conventional wisdom that states are always free to choose whether to participate in multilateral regimes. International law often mandates multilateralism to ensure that state laws and practices are compatible with sovereign equality and joint stewardship. The Article maps mandatory multilateralism's domain, defines its requirements, and examines its application to three controversies: the South China Sea dispute, the United States' withdrawal from the 2015 Paris Agreement, and Bolivia's case against Chile in the International Court of Justice.

Eschatologie Et Écologie. Pourquoi Prendre Soin De La Terre Si Tout Va Brûler ?, A. Rahel Wells

Faculty Publications

La compréhension adventiste des événements de la fin induit la réalité que la terre brûlera à la fin des temps. Malheureusement, cela se traduit souvent par le fait que les nombreuses injonctions bibliques à prendre soin de la création ne sont plus pertinentes, puisque la terre sera de toute façon recréée par Dieu. Cette compréhension inexacte de la relation entre l’écologie et l’eschatologie a conduit de nombreux non-chrétiens qui se soucient de la terre à étiqueter la Bible et les chrétiens comme étant à la source d’une multitude de catastrophes écologiques2 . Cependant, ma conviction est que le soin de …

Developing An Authentic Devotional Life, Scott R. Ward

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Voltage-Dependent Membrane Properties Shape The Size But Not The Frequency Content Of Spontaneous Voltage Fluctuations In Layer 2/3 Somatosensory Cortex, Fernando R. Fernandez, Jad Noueihed, John A. White

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Temperature In Affecting Carry-Over Effects And Larval Competition In The Globally Invasive Mosquito Aedes Albopictus, Nnaemeka F. Ezeakacha, Donald Yee

Faculty Publications

Background

Ectotherms, like mosquitoes, have evolved specific responses to variation in environmental conditions like temperature, and these responses could confer a fitness benefit or cost when carried-over to different life stages. However, effects of temperature on animals with complex life-cycles often only focus on part of their life-cycle, or only consider how single aspects of life-history may carry over to new stages. Herein we investigated how temperature affects intraspecific larval competition and carry-over effects from larval to adult stages in the widespread invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus.

Methods

For larval competition, larvae were reared at three densities (10, …

Adaptation To Climate Change Through Genetic Accommodation And Assimilation Of Plastic Phenotypes, Morgan Kelly

Faculty Publications

© 2019 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Theory suggests that evolutionary changes in phenotypic plasticity could either hinder or facilitate evolutionary rescue in a changing climate. Nevertheless, the actual role of evolving plasticity in the responses of natural populations to climate change remains unresolved. Direct observations of evolutionary change in nature are rare, making it difficult to assess the relative contributions of changes in trait means versus changes in plasticity to climate change responses. To address this gap, this review explores several proxies that can be used to understand evolving plasticity in the context of …

Group-Based Physical Activity Trajectories In Children Transitioning From Elementary To High School, Russell R. Pate, Michaela A. Schenkelberg, Marsha Dowda, Kerry L. Mciver

Faculty Publications

Background

Physical activity has been observed repeatedly to decline as children transition into adolescence; however, few studies have explored the possibility that sub-groups of children experience unique patterns of change during this transition. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the physical activity trajectories in clusters of youth transitioning from 5th to 11th grade.

Methods

Participants (n = 652) were recruited as 5th graders (ages 10–12 years) from elementary schools (n = 21) in two school districts. Demographic, anthropometric, and physical activity data were collected once per year when children were in 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, and 11th …

White Spot Syndrome Virus (Wssv) In Cultured Juvenile Blue Crabs Callinectes Sapidus: Oral Versus Injection Exposure, And Feeding Frequency Effects, Reginald B. Blaylock, Stephen S. Curran, Jeffrey M. Lotz

Faculty Publications

The efficacy of oral versus injection exposure and the effect of feeding frequency on the transmission of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in cultured juvenile blue crabs Callinectes sapidus were investigated. Crabs in Group 1 (G-1, n = 48) were exposed once orally to 100 mg of WSSV-infected shrimp tissue mg^-1 of body weight (BW). The oral inoculum contained 2.6 × 10⁹ WSSV genome copies mg^-1 tissue. Group 2 (G-2, n = 46) received the same dosage once weekly for 5 wk. Group 3 (G-3, n = 12) was injected with 0.01 ml (2.6 × 10^{7 …}

Establishment Of Listeria Monocytogenes In The Gastrointestinal Tract, Morgan L. Davis, Steven C. Ricke, Janet R. Donaldson

Faculty Publications

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram positive foodborne pathogen that can colonize the gastrointestinal tract of a number of hosts, including humans. These environments contain numerous stressors such as bile, low oxygen and acidic pH, which may impact the level of colonization and persistence of this organism within the GI tract. The ability of L. monocytogenes to establish infections and colonize the gastrointestinal tract is directly related to its ability to overcome these stressors, which is mediated by the efficient expression of several stress response mechanisms during its passage. This review will focus upon how and when this occurs and how …

Putting It All Together: Adding Value To The Global Ocean And Climate Observing Systems With Complete Self-Consistent Ocean State And Parameter Estimates, David Trossman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Changes In Human Foetal Osteoblasts Exposed To The Random Positioning Machine And Bone Construct Tissue Engineering, Vivek Mann, Daniela Grimm, Thomas J. Corydon, Marcus Krüger, Markus Wehland, Stefan Riwaldt, Jayashree Sahana, Sascha Kopp, Johann Bauer, Janne E. Reseland, Manfred Infanger, Aina Mari Lian, Elvis Okoro, Alamelu Sundaresan

Faculty Publications

Human cells, when exposed to both real and simulated microgravity (s-µg), form 3D tissue constructs mirroring in vivo architectures (e.g., cartilage, intima constructs, cancer spheroids and others). In this study, we exposed human foetal osteoblast (hFOB 1.19) cells to a Random Positioning Machine (RPM) for 7 days and 14 days, with the purpose of investigating the effects of s-µg on biological processes and to engineer 3D bone constructs. RPM exposure of the hFOB 1.19 cells induces alterations in the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, extra cellular matrix (ECM) and the 3D multicellular spheroid (MCS) formation. In addition, after 7 days, it influences …

Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy For Rapid And Cost-Effective Determination Of Elemental Composition Of Ground Forage, Yadav Sapkota, Louis M. Mcdonald, Thomas C. Griggs, Thomas J. Basden, Brandon Lee Drake

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Cross-Shelf Habitat Shifts By Red Snapper (Lutjanus Campechanus) In The Gulf Of Mexico, Michael A. Dance, Jay R. Rooker

Faculty Publications

Habitat shifts that occur during the life cycles of marine fishes influence population connectivity and structure. A generalized additive modeling approach was used to characterize relationships between environmental variables and the relative abundance of red snapper Lutjanus campechanus over unconsolidated substrate on the continental shelf (< 150 m) of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (GoM) at three different life stages: juvenile (age-0, < 125 mm FL), sub-adult (age-1-2, 125–300 mm FL), and adult (age-2+, >300 mm FL). Fisheries independent data (2008–2014) were used to develop separate models for both the eastern and western GoM, and final models were used to predict the relative availability of suitable habitat for each life stage across the two regions. Predictor variables included in final models varied by age class and region, with …

Marr Family Transcription Factors From Burkholderia Species: Hidden Clues To Control Of Virulence-Associated Genes, Ashish Gupta, Anuja Pande, Afsana Sabrin, Sudarshan S. Thapa, Brennan W. Gioe, Anne Grove

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2019 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Species within the genus Burkholderia exhibit remarkable phenotypic diversity. Genomic plasticity, including genome reduction and horizontal gene transfer, has been correlated with virulence traits in several species. However, the conservation of virulence genes in species otherwise considered to have limited potential for infection suggests that phenotypic diversity may not be explained solely on the basis of genetic diversity. Instead, differential organization and control of gene regulatory networks may underlie many phenotypic differences. In this review, we evaluate how regulation of gene expression by members of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator …

Bioassay-Guided Isolation And Structure Elucidation Of Fungicidal And Herbicidal Compounds From Ambrosia Salsola (Asteraceae), Frank R. Fronczek

Faculty Publications

The discovery of potent natural and ecofriendly pesticides is one of the focuses of the agrochemical industry, and plant species are a source of many potentially active compounds. We describe the bioassay-guided isolation of antifungal and phytotoxic compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of Ambrosia salsola twigs and leaves. With this methodology, we isolated and identified twelve compounds (four chalcones, six flavonols and two pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactones). Three new chalcones were elucidated as (S)-beta-Hydroxy-2,3,4,6'-tetrahydroxy-5-methoxydihydrochalcone (salsolol A), (S)-beta-Hydroxy-2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxydihydrochalcone (salsolol B), and (R)-alpha, (R)-beta-Dihydroxy-2,3,4,4,6'-pentahydroxydihydrochalcone (salsolol C) together with nine known compounds: balanochalcone, six quercetin derivatives, confertin, and neoambrosin. Chemical structures were determined …

Pyrethroid And Organophosphate Pesticide Resistance In Field Populations Of Horn Fly In Brazil, L. G. Brito, F. S. Barbieri, R. B. Rocha, A. P.L. Santos, R. R. Silva, E. S. Ribeiro, F. Guerrero, L. Foil, M. C.S. Oliveira

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Royal Entomological Society Pesticides are used worldwide to control arthropod parasites in cattle herds. The indiscriminate and/or inappropriate use of pesticides without veterinary guidance is a reality in several countries of South America. Improper pesticide use increases the chances of contamination of food and the environment with chemical pesticides and their metabolites. Reduction of these contamination events is an increasing challenge for those involved in livestock production. The horn fly, Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the most economically important parasites affecting cattle herds around the world. As such, horn fly control efforts are often …

Duration Of Protection From Live Attenuated Vs. Sub Unit Hsv-2 Vaccines In The Guinea Pig Model Of Genital Herpes: Reassessing Efficacy Using Endpoints From Clinical Trials, David I. Bernstein, Rhonda D. Cardin, Derek A. Pullum, Fernando J. Bravo, Konstantin G. Kousoulas, David A. Dixon

Faculty Publications

© 2019 Bernstein et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background Although herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are a major target for vaccine development no vaccine is currently licensed. Methods A live attenuated HSV virus vaccine, VC2 was compared to a subunit HSV vaccine, glycoprotein D (gD2) administered with the adjuvant, MPL/Alum using the Guinea pig model of genital herpes. Three doses of intramuscular (IM) vaccine were provided followed by intravaginal challenge …

References To Television Shows In Judicial Opinions And Written Advocacy (Part Ii), Douglas E. Abrams

Faculty Publications

In the Journal’s January-February issue, Part I of this article began by surveying television’s profound influence on American culture since the early 1950s, a sturdy foundation for federal and state judges who cite or discuss well known television shows in their opinions. Part I presented television drama shows.

This Part II picks up where Part I left of. The discussion below presents television situation comedies (“sitcoms”) and reality TV shows that appear in judicial opinions. The discussion concludes by explaining why advocates should feel comfortable following the judges’ lead by carefully using television references to help make written substantive or …

Deep-Ultraviolet Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Remilekun O. Lawal, Fabrizio Donnarumma, Kermit K. Murray

Faculty Publications

© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. A 193-nm wavelength deep ultraviolet laser was used for ambient laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of biological samples. A pulsed ArF excimer laser was used to ablate solid samples, and the resulting plume of the desorbed material merged with charged electrospray droplets to form ions that were detected with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Solutions containing peptide and protein standards up to 66-kDa molecular weight were deposited on a metal target, dried, and analyzed. No fragmentation was observed from peptides and proteins as well as from the more easily fragmented vitamin B …

Past Amazon Basin Fluvial Systems, Insight Into The Cenozoic Sequences Using Seismic Geomorphology (Marañón Basin, Peru), Gérôme Calvès, Ysabel Calderon, Vincent Roso, Cédric Bonnel, Martin Roddaz, Stéphane Brusset, Patrice Baby, Peter D. Clift

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd This study of the seismic geomorphology of riverine deposits describes and discusses the spatial resolution at which we can detect fluvial features and how the subsequently collected data can help with our understanding of ancient fluvial reservoirs. For this assessment we use three dimensional seismic reflection data, borehole data from ancient deposits in the Marañón foredeep basin of Peru, as well as digital elevation and satellite imagery data from the present day fluvial systems of the Amazonian Basin in the same area of Peru. Based on seismic stratigraphic principles on amplitude display we test parameters to …

Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase-1 Promotes Inflammasome Priming In Macrophages, Camille N. Immanuel, Bin Teng, Brittany Dong, Elizabeth M. Gordon, Joseph A. Kennedy, Charlean Luellen, Andreas Schwingshackl, Stephania A. Cormier, Elizabeth A. Fitzpatrick, Christopher M. Waters

Faculty Publications

© 2019 the American Physiological Society. previously showed that mice deficient in apo-ptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) were partially protected against ventilator-induced lung injury. Because ASK1 can promote both cell death and inflammation, we hypothesized that ASK1 activation regulates inflammasome-mediated inflammation. Mice deficient in ASK1 expression (ASK1 +/+ ) exhibited significantly less inflammation and lung injury (as measured by neutrophil infiltration, IL-6, and IL-1β) in response to treatment with inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. To determine whether this proinflammatory response was mediated by ASK1, we investigated inflammasome-mediated responses to LPS in primary macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) …

Milk And Kefir Maintain Aspects Of Health During Doxorubicin Treatment In Rats, L. K. Stewart, P. Smoak, D. S. Hydock, R. Hayward, K. O'Brien, J. K. Lisano, C. Boeneke, M. Christensen, A. Mathias

Faculty Publications

Doxorubicin (DOX), a powerful anthracycline antibiotic commonly used to treat a wide variety of cancers, is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative damage, resulting in cardiac dysfunction. Components of dairy may have protective effects against DOX-induced cardiac damage. Kefir is a naturally fermented milk product containing antioxidants, probiotic bacteria, and yeast in addition to the protective components of dairy. We explored the effects of dietary milk and kefir on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. We used singly housed, 10-wk-old male Sprague Dawley rats assigned to 1 of 3 isocaloric diets, control (CON n = 24), milk …

Applications Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles To Survey Mesocarnivores, Jacob D. Bushaw, Kevin M. Ringelman, Frank C. Rohwer

Faculty Publications

With the widespread extirpation of top predators over the past two centuries, mesocarnivores play an increasingly important role in structuring terrestrial trophic webs. However, mesocarnivores are difficult to survey at a population level because their widely spaced territories and nocturnal behavior result in low detection probability. Existing field survey techniques such as track plates and motion-sensitive camera traps are time-consuming and expensive, and yet still yield data prone to systematic errors. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have recently emerged as a new tool for conducting population surveys on a wide variety of wildlife, eclipsing the efficiency and even accuracy of traditional …

A Funny Thing Happened On The Way To The Forum: Prospects For An Ethical Theory Of Accountability, Melvin Dubnick

Faculty Publications

This paper is intended to restate the case for the development of an "ethical theory of accountability" as an alternative to current theoretical frames being applied by students of accountable governance. I would emphasize the word "alternative" at this juncture, noting that an ethical theory should not be regarded as replacement for current models; rather it is offered as a reframing of accountability that can provide a significantly different perspective -- one rooted in (and built upon) ontologically distinct presuppositions about the nature of account-giving/receiving.

Central to the effort is establishing accountability as the capacity to engage in account-giving/receiving behavior …

Right On Time: First Possession In Property And Intellectual Property, Dotan Oliar, James Y. Stern

Faculty Publications

How should we allocate property rights in unowned tangible and intangible resources? This Article develops a model of original acquisition that draws together common law doctrines of first possession with original acquisition doctrines in patent, copyright, and trademark law. The common denominator is time: in each context, doctrine involves a trade-off between assigning entitlements to resources earlier or later in the process of their development and use. Early awards risk granting exclusivity to parties who may not be capable of putting resources to their best use. Late awards prolong contests for ownership, which may generate waste or discourage acquisition efforts …

Unequal Enforcement Of The Law: Targeting Aggressors For Mass Atrocity Prosecutions, Nancy Amoury Combs

Faculty Publications

It is a central tenet of the laws of war that they apply equally to all parties to a conflict. For this reason, a party that illegally launches a war benefits from all the same rights as a party that must defend against the illegal aggression. Countless philosophers have shown that this so-called equal application doctrine is morally indefensible and that defenders should have more rights and fewer responsibilities than aggressors. The equal application doctrine retains the support of legal scholars, however, because they reasonably fear that applying different rules to different warring parties will substantially reduce overall compliance with …

An Atheist Confirms Ellen White’S Counsel, Joann Davidson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Host Lipids In Positive-Strand Rna Virus Genome Replication, Zhenlu Zhang, Guijuan He, Natalie A. Filipowicz, Glenn Randall, George A. Belov, Benjamin G. Kopek, Xiaofeng Wang

Faculty Publications

Membrane association is a hallmark of the genome replication of positive-strand RNA viruses [(+)RNA viruses]. All well-studied (+)RNA viruses remodel host membranes and lipid metabolism through orchestrated virus-host interactions to create a suitable microenvironment to survive and thrive in host cells. Recent research has shown that host lipids, as major components of cellular membranes, play key roles in the replication of multiple (+)RNA viruses. This review focuses on how (+)RNA viruses manipulate host lipid synthesis and metabolism to facilitate their genomic RNA replication, and how interference with the cellular lipid metabolism affects viral replication.