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The Role Of Cathelicidin In The Regulation Of Gut Microbiota And Inflammasome Activation In Alcoholic Liver Disease., Fengyuan Li Dec 2018

The Role Of Cathelicidin In The Regulation Of Gut Microbiota And Inflammasome Activation In Alcoholic Liver Disease., Fengyuan Li

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by gut dysbiosis and hepatic and intestinal inflammation. Gut microbiota is critically maintained by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) expressed in the epithelial and immune cells. AMPs are also identified as immune-regulators in various diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that deficiency of AMPs REG3 lectins exacerbated alcoholic steatohepatitis. LL-37 is the sole member of human cathelicidin AMP family, named CRAMP in mouse. Despite of the extensive studies in infectious diseases and in gut-microbiota-related inflammatory bowel disease, the role of LL-37/CRAMP in ALD is yet unknown. Our previous studies showed a decreased intestinal CRAMP in a mouse model …

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Electrochemical And Morphological Properties Of Chloride-Doped Lithium Argyrodite Solid Electrolytes., William Richard Arnold Dec 2018

Electrochemical And Morphological Properties Of Chloride-Doped Lithium Argyrodite Solid Electrolytes., William Richard Arnold

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recently, much attention has been devoted to the development of solid electrolytes to be used in all-solid-state-batteries. One group of promising solid electrolyte (SE) materials are lithium argyrodites, a class of superconductors which are noted for their high ionic conductivities. In particular, halogen doping has been shown to increase both conductivity and stability. The majority of research has focused on material synthesis through solid state reactions, but a novel liquid synthesis method for the preparation of Cl-doped Li7PS6 solid electrolyte provides the advantages of a homogenous product and a rapid, economic synthesis. Here this thesis focuses on the liquid synthesis …

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Public Policy And Strategies To Support Institutional And Technological Innovations In The New Water Economy: The Example Of Innovation Technology Clusters In Developing And Diffusing Water Technologies., Craig Francis Barham Dec 2018

Public Policy And Strategies To Support Institutional And Technological Innovations In The New Water Economy: The Example Of Innovation Technology Clusters In Developing And Diffusing Water Technologies., Craig Francis Barham

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A long list of water technologies has been central to human development throughout history. From the well in ancient times to desalination in the contemporary period, water technologies are needed to produce, distribute and treat water to support human life, industry, agriculture, and environmental health. As human development puts intense pressure on the planet's limited fresh water supplies, society is turning to increasingly innovative water technologies to close the supply-demand gap. The water economy represents a significant share of total economic output it its own right, while at the same time water directly or indirectly underpins all other economic activity. …

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Functional Consequence Of Psat1 Association On Pkm2'S Inherent Enzymatic Activity., Alexis Avidan Vega Dec 2018

Functional Consequence Of Psat1 Association On Pkm2'S Inherent Enzymatic Activity., Alexis Avidan Vega

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is predominantly found in tumors, where it allows the cancer cell to adapt to metabolic conditions through allosteric regulation of its activity. We recently discovered that phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) associates with and activates PKM2. Here, I sought to affirm PSAT1's ability to increase PKM2 activity through kinetic and association studies of wild-type or mutant PKM2 enzymes. I demonstrate that His-tagged WT and mutant PKM2 enzymes are active, exhibit different kinetics, yet cannot be activated by PSAT1. Comparison studies using untagged WT PKM2 suggest that inclusion of the His-tag disrupts PSAT1 association. In support, pull-down strategies …

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Characterizing The Gut Microbiota During Plasmodium Infection And Antimalarial Treatment., Joshua E. Denny Dec 2018

Characterizing The Gut Microbiota During Plasmodium Infection And Antimalarial Treatment., Joshua E. Denny

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Plasmodium, the parasitic cause of malaria, is a global pathogen, annually causing 216 million infections and 445,000 deaths. As drug resistance continues develop and no effective vaccine is available, it is critical to understand the factors underlying the severity of this disease. Plasmodium is an extra-gastrointestinal tract infection where the parasite infects red blood cells causing clinical malaria. However, recent publications have pointed to interactions between the gut microbiota and malaria. With this in mind, the role of the gut microbiota in malaria infection was studied. C57BL/6 mice from different vendors displayed differential resistance and susceptibility to severe malaria, …

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Physical Education Activity Courses: An Exploration Of How Enrollment Influences Student Retention Rates., Dylan J. Naeger Dec 2018

Physical Education Activity Courses: An Exploration Of How Enrollment Influences Student Retention Rates., Dylan J. Naeger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nationally, student retention rates continue to be a problem, as the National Center for Education Statistics (2018) found the six-year undergraduate graduation rate for students who started college in fall 2010 was around 60%. An area not yet investigated is if any association exists between enrollment in a university physical education activity course (BIP) and academic success. The purpose of this study was to determine how enrollment in a BIP course affected undergraduate student retention rates. This study examined whether enrollment in BIP courses influenced student retention of all first-time, full-time, baccalaureate degree-seeking students enrolled at a public research university …

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Modeling And Simulation Methodologies For Spinal Cord Stimulation., Saliya Kumara Kirigeeganage Dec 2018

Modeling And Simulation Methodologies For Spinal Cord Stimulation., Saliya Kumara Kirigeeganage

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The use of neural prostheses to improve health of paraplegics has been a prime interest of neuroscientists over the last few decades. Scientists have performed experiments with spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to enable voluntary motor function of paralyzed patients. However, the experimentation on the human spinal cord is not a trivial task. Therefore, modeling and simulation techniques play a significant role in understanding the underlying concepts and mechanics of the spinal cord stimulation. In this work, simulation and modeling techniques related to spinal cord stimulation were investigated. The initial work was intended to visualize the electric field distribution patterns in …

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Student Perception Of The Effects Of Out Of School Suspension On Academic Motivation., Dawn Boone Roseberry Dec 2018

Student Perception Of The Effects Of Out Of School Suspension On Academic Motivation., Dawn Boone Roseberry

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Historically, the response to rule violations and misbehavior in schools was to punish students by using methods such as exclusionary discipline. Exclusionary discipline may lead to poor academic outcomes for the student, increased likelihood of dropping out of school, and an introduction to the criminal justice system (Cueller and Markowitz, 2015). Being suspended from school also increases the chances a student will feel disconnected, intensify conflict with adults, and impact a youth’s choice to engage in criminal activities (Skiba et al., 2006). Researchers have concluded that suspension is also a predictor of future suspensions, not a deterrent (Rafaele & Mendez, …

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Furthering Understanding Of Forensic Units: A Detailed Examination Of Knoxville Police Department's Crime Scene Unit., Cassandra Christina Rausch Dec 2018

Furthering Understanding Of Forensic Units: A Detailed Examination Of Knoxville Police Department's Crime Scene Unit., Cassandra Christina Rausch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Throughout the past three decades, the criminal justice system has decidedly employed new technologies for the purposes of establishing guilt or innocence. Forensic science, with its synthesis of scientific methodology and investigative considerations of law enforcement, ushered in the development of DNA profiling and forever changed the process of crime scene investigation.This shift in focus also led to a shift in the individuals involved in investigation, producing the widespread formation of stand-alone crime scene units. Utilizing both civilian and sworn employees of a law enforcement agency, these units became responsible for the documentation, collection, and preservation of evidence that would …

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Common Ground, Diverging Paths: Eighteenth-Century English And French Landscape Painting., Jessica Robins Schumacher Dec 2018

Common Ground, Diverging Paths: Eighteenth-Century English And French Landscape Painting., Jessica Robins Schumacher

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the early eighteenth century, both English and French artists traveled to Rome to study the great seventeenth-century landscape artists --Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin in particular—at the source. The English were motivated by a combination of reverence for the ancient, classical world, an associative imagination and a burgeoning competitive art market. The French, by an equal regard for antiquity and the pragmatic desire to complete the requirements of the monopolistic French Academy. While English landscape painting evolved away from the idealism of Claude to a modern naturalism imbued with the artist’s subjective response to a visual experience, French landscape …

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Is The Sum Greater Than The Parts? A Qualitative Case Study Of Cross-Functional Team Creativity., Tracy J. Richardson Dec 2018

Is The Sum Greater Than The Parts? A Qualitative Case Study Of Cross-Functional Team Creativity., Tracy J. Richardson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Creativity is an important capability for organizations to develop solutions for complex challenges. Cross-functional teams are often used within organizations in the hope of leveraging diverse perspectives to develop creative ideas. However, the process by which cross-functional teams generate new ideas is often elusive in practice and poorly understood in research. A case-study design was used to explore the complex nature of the creative process within a services industry organization, which is an understudied context for creativity. The study focused on the knowledge sharing and knowledge integration processes for cross-functional teams as well as overall team effectiveness. The results of …

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The Emperor's New Clothes: How The New Atheists Are Reminding The Humanities Of Their Place And Purpose In Society., David Ira Buckner Dec 2018

The Emperor's New Clothes: How The New Atheists Are Reminding The Humanities Of Their Place And Purpose In Society., David Ira Buckner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation will examine the social and intellectual impact of the so-called “New Atheism” as evidenced by the writings and public careers of its four principal protagonists: evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, philosopher Daniel Dennett, journalist Christopher Hitchens, and neuroscientist Sam Harris. I will argue that the New Atheists together provide an account of reality philosophically superior to that of theism, including those superficially sophisticated variations espoused in the writings of scholars William Lane Craig, John Lennox, Allister McGrath, Alvin Plantinga, etc. Yet, even if this were not so, I would still contend that the accessible, informative, and provocative style of …

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Effects Of Hydrogen Sulfide In Hyperhomocysteinemia-Mediated Skeletal Muscle Myopathy., Avisek Majumder Dec 2018

Effects Of Hydrogen Sulfide In Hyperhomocysteinemia-Mediated Skeletal Muscle Myopathy., Avisek Majumder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Although hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) occurs due to a deficiency in cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), causing skeletal muscle myopathy, it is still unclear whether this effect is mediated through oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, both or something else. Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and CBS are the main H2S producing enzymes, which produce Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from Hcy in the transsulfuration reaction. H2S is an anti-oxidant compound and patients with a CBS deficiency cannot produce enough H2S, thus rendering them vulnerable to excess Hcy-mediated damage. Both in-vitro (C2C12 cells) and in-vivo (CBS+/- mice) models were used to …

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Lead And Crime: An Ecological Study Between Lead Contaminated Topsoil And Violent Crime., Brian Guinn Dec 2018

Lead And Crime: An Ecological Study Between Lead Contaminated Topsoil And Violent Crime., Brian Guinn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lead is a known neurotoxicant. Human exposure to lead comes primarily through environmental exposures, including remnant lead paint, lead contaminated topsoil and lead contaminated water. Prenatal and early life lead exposure has been associated with numerous neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. This dissertation presents findings from an ecological study which evaluated the geospatial association between topsoil lead content and the incidence of FBI designated violent crime in Jefferson County, Kentucky. A total of 412 topsoil samples were collected along roadways (n=300) and from Louisville Metro Parks (n=112). Jefferson County crime data was obtained from the Louisville Metro Police Department – Crime …

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Impacts Of Ammonia And Temperature On Freshwater Snail Behavior And Physiology., Megan Christine Dewhatley Dec 2018

Impacts Of Ammonia And Temperature On Freshwater Snail Behavior And Physiology., Megan Christine Dewhatley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Gastropods are one of the most imperiled groups of animals in North America, yet there are major gaps in the literature pertaining to pollutants and climate change, and especially sublethal impacts. This dissertation assesses the effects of climate warming and unionized ammonia (NH3), one of the most abundant water pollutants, on the behavior and physiology of two caenogastropod snails: fine-ridged elimia (Elimia semicarinata) and Shawnee rocksnails (Lithasia obovata) (Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Pleuroceridae). Righting behavior, or the movement used by snails to turn themselves right-side-up, was used as the main endpoint; delays in this behavior compromise …

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Transcending The Panels: Varieties Of Experience And Selfhood In Comics., Will D. Simpson Dec 2018

Transcending The Panels: Varieties Of Experience And Selfhood In Comics., Will D. Simpson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, I argue that the typical formal features of American comics over the past century have influenced the types of narrative content that tend to be communicated by said medium. I argue that the types of reader experiences that are afforded by the comics form, in part, shape the types of stories told through comics. The experiences that result from the ways we engage perceptually, cognitively, emotionally, and conceptually with comics imply a certain view of selfhood that is potentially subversive in the context of American cultural religiosity and spirituality. The formal features of comics, and the resulting …

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Role Of Trkb-Signaling In Taste Development And Function., Jennifer Rios-Pilier Dec 2018

Role Of Trkb-Signaling In Taste Development And Function., Jennifer Rios-Pilier

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the geniculate ganglion, taste neurons likely differentiate into subtypes during development, but very little is known about how these neurons are defined molecularly or how they differentiate. Embryonically, geniculate neuron development is regulated by the growth factor, brain ­derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Postnatally, BDNF becomes restricted to subpopulations of taste receptor cells with specific functions, primarily sour responding. I hypothesized that during development, the receptor for BDNF, tropomyosin kinase B receptor (TrkB), also becomes restricted to a neuronal subset. I used transgenic mouse models to label and quantify both geniculate sensory neurons (Phox2b+), and those expressing TrkB (GFP) across …

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Association Between Cigarette Smoking And Ovarian Reserve Among Women Seeking Fertility Treatment With Effect Modification By Race And Nat2 Genotype., Islamiat A. Oladipupo Dec 2018

Association Between Cigarette Smoking And Ovarian Reserve Among Women Seeking Fertility Treatment With Effect Modification By Race And Nat2 Genotype., Islamiat A. Oladipupo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cigarette smoking in women has been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes such as reduced ovarian reserve, poorer in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes and increased adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study examined the association of smoking with ovarian reserve in a cross-sectional study of women seeking fertility treatment, and potential effect modification by race and NAT2 acetylator phenotype. Data from 265 women from the Louisville Tobacco Smoke, Genetic Susceptibility, and Infertility (LOUSSI) Study were analyzed. A total of 265 women were recruited through a single infertility clinic between September 2016 and June 2018. Information on current smoking status was assessed using a …

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A Transfer Learning Approach For Sentiment Classification., Omar Abdelwahab Dec 2018

A Transfer Learning Approach For Sentiment Classification., Omar Abdelwahab

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The idea of developing machine learning systems or Artificial Intelligence agents that would learn from different tasks and be able to accumulate that knowledge with time so that it functions successfully on a new task that it has not seen before is an idea and a research area that is still being explored. In this work, we will lay out an algorithm that allows a machine learning system or an AI agent to learn from k different domains then uses some or no data from the new task for the system to perform strongly on that new task. In order …

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Assessing The Affects Of Treatment Services, Financial Assistance, Race/Ethnicity, And Income On The Criminal Justice Outcomes Of Women On Probation., Jordan Wilfong Dec 2018

Assessing The Affects Of Treatment Services, Financial Assistance, Race/Ethnicity, And Income On The Criminal Justice Outcomes Of Women On Probation., Jordan Wilfong

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this study is to examine the affect that treatment services have on the criminal justice outcomes of women on probation. The research to date on the treatment services provided to the criminal justice population has tended to focus on prisoners rather than probationers, with even fewer studies that include samples of women on probation. This study will investigate the impact on criminal justice outcomes of services intended to treat issues identified to increase recidivism among female probationers, such as substance use disorders, illicit drug use, mental health issues, and poverty. An additional assessment is conducted to determine …

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Assessing The Role Of Arsenite In Disrupting The Egfr Signaling Axis., Christine Kim Dec 2018

Assessing The Role Of Arsenite In Disrupting The Egfr Signaling Axis., Christine Kim

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase localized on the cell surface. Overexpression of EGFR has been used as biomarkers for many different types of cancers, including lung cancer. There is a strong association between arsenic and lung cancer development, although the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesize that chronic exposure of “a physiologically relevant” level of arsenite disrupts the EGFR endocytic trafficking. The goal of this project is to identify molecular mechanisms and roles of chronic arsenite-induced EGFR overexpression in lung cancer development. A non-malignant human bronchial epithelial cell line, Beas-2B cells were exposed to 100 …

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The Migration And Developmental Remodeling Of Intrinsic Interneurons In Visual Thalamus And The Role Of Retinal Signaling., Naomi E. Charalambakis Dec 2018

The Migration And Developmental Remodeling Of Intrinsic Interneurons In Visual Thalamus And The Role Of Retinal Signaling., Naomi E. Charalambakis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the mouse is a model system to study the development of thalamic circuitry. While most studies focus on relay neurons of dLGN, little is known about the factors regulating the development of the other principal cell type, intrinsic interneurons. To date, the targeting and migratory path of dLGN interneurons as well as their morphological development remains unclear. Here we examined whether the migration, structure, and function of interneurons relies on retinal signaling. We took a loss-of-function approach and crossed GAD67-GFP mice, which express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in dLGN interneurons, with math5 nulls …

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Is Macrolide And Beta-Lactam Combination Therapy Associated With Early Clinical Stability Or 30 Day Mortality In Hospitalized Patients With Pneumonia? An Assessment Of Confounding By Indication., Evangeline Pierce Dec 2018

Is Macrolide And Beta-Lactam Combination Therapy Associated With Early Clinical Stability Or 30 Day Mortality In Hospitalized Patients With Pneumonia? An Assessment Of Confounding By Indication., Evangeline Pierce

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pneumonia and influenza are one of the leading causes of infectious disease-related deaths worldwide. Current guidelines for the treatment of hospitalized patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) include empiric antimicrobial therapy with a macrolide and a beta-lactam. There is little consensus among studies as to which antimicrobial regimen is best. The confusing results seen may very well be due to lack of assessment of confounding by indication (CBI). This analysis was a secondary analysis from Hospitalized Adults with Pneumococcal Pneumonia: Incidence Study (HAPPI). The study participants were those in HAPPI who had received either macrolide and beta-lactam combination therapy or …

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Investigating The Unique Reactivity Of Novel Hx (X=Cl, Br) Reagents With Alkenes And Alkynes., Rene E. Ebule Dec 2018

Investigating The Unique Reactivity Of Novel Hx (X=Cl, Br) Reagents With Alkenes And Alkynes., Rene E. Ebule

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The addition of hydrogen halides to carbon-carbon unsaturated systems is a classic synthetic transformation that gives rise to a variety of halogenated products as well as building blocks.1 The different routes to achieve hydrohalogenation make use of the hydrogen halides either in the gaseous form2 or in solution3, or their surrogates4. Only second to dihalogens, hydrogen halides are the most atom efficient source of halogenation. However, hydrogen halides are reactive gases at ambient temperature, posing a major challenge in their application. Handling gaseous hydrogen halide reagents requires expert knowledge and specialized equipment. We have …

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Influence Of Bilberry-Derived Anthocyanidins On Key Regulators Of Colorectal Cancer Development., Ashley M. Mudd Dec 2018

Influence Of Bilberry-Derived Anthocyanidins On Key Regulators Of Colorectal Cancer Development., Ashley M. Mudd

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths within the United States. A variety of factors including exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and hereditary influences, including APC mutations, have been shown to lead to an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Given the recent alarming rise in cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed in individuals under the age of 40, further insight into developing novel and effective prevention and treatment strategies are warranted. The family of plant pigments known as the anthocyanins has been identified with …

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Children's Play, Early Literacy, And Educational (In)Equities., Jane E. Andris Dec 2018

Children's Play, Early Literacy, And Educational (In)Equities., Jane E. Andris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study is about the inclusion of play in early childhood school settings, the contested nature of curricula that are not strictly quantifiable, and the ways that institutional inequity influences children’s access to school-based play. It is situated in a public elementary school kindergarten that centered play in the curriculum with varying degrees of support from a range of stakeholders. This ethnographic phenomenological case study depended on data collection methods of observational field notes and participant interviews, and grounded theory methods were employed for analysis. Findings were that teachers and administrators need clearer understandings of play and its integral connection …

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Repetitive Negative Thinking Styles And First-Semester Academic Performance: Psychological Risk And Resilience Among Low-Income College Students., Darlene M. Davis Dec 2018

Repetitive Negative Thinking Styles And First-Semester Academic Performance: Psychological Risk And Resilience Among Low-Income College Students., Darlene M. Davis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

College students face significant mental health and academic challenges their first academic year. The college transition period can be stressful. In addition, students are increasingly endorsing anxious and depressive symptoms. Depressive and anxious symptoms are linked to repetitive negative thinking styles that present in college students, which contributes to academic interference. The first year of college can be challenging for students who are unable to adjust and adapt. Students who struggle and feel overwhelmed by life stressors experience psychological disruption that interferes with academic performance. Growing up in poverty has been associated with lower grade point averages and poorer graduation …

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How Do Entrepreneurs React To Investor Rejection, Try Harder Or Move On?, Yuhan Hua Dec 2018

How Do Entrepreneurs React To Investor Rejection, Try Harder Or Move On?, Yuhan Hua

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Rejected by the investor is a common challenge that entrepreneurs face in the startup process. This study investigates how entrepreneurs respond to investor rejection. The results indicate the rejection can motivate entrepreneurs to learn from the rejection and improve venture image. Meanwhile, investor rejection can also increase entrepreneurs’ tendency of withdrawal from the investor and exit intention. Rejected by investor also increase entrepreneurs’ doubts about the investors’ competency. This study finds both the alternative funding source and the fairness of the rejection can impact entrepreneurs’ rejection responses. Also, the individual difference influences how entrepreneurs deal with investors’ rejection. The empirical …

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The Regional Distribution And Molecular Interactions Of Phospholipids And Glucose In Mammalian Vitreous Humors., Abigail Nicole Schnepf Dec 2018

The Regional Distribution And Molecular Interactions Of Phospholipids And Glucose In Mammalian Vitreous Humors., Abigail Nicole Schnepf

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The vitreous humor (VH) is located in between the lens and the retina. It is composed of 98% water, hyaluronan (HA), collagen, proteins, phospholipids (PLs), and other metabolites. With aging, the VH undergoes liquefaction, a process that causes the gel-like structure of the VH to turn into a liquid and can lead to serious ocular diseases, including retinal detachment, vitreal detachment, and macular hole formation. The liquefaction process is expedited in diabetic VHs. This project focuses on understanding the molecular changes that lead to liquefaction and the reasons for which this process is accelerated with diabetes. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/mass …

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Virulence Regulation In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Via The Alginate Regulators, Algu And Algr, The Posttranscriptional Regulator, Rsma, And The Two-Component System, Algz/R, Sean Stacey Dec 2018

Virulence Regulation In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Via The Alginate Regulators, Algu And Algr, The Posttranscriptional Regulator, Rsma, And The Two-Component System, Algz/R, Sean Stacey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus able to colonize a wide variety of environments. In the human host, P. aeruginosa can establish an acute infection or persist and create a chronic infection. P. aeruginosa is able to establish a niche and persist in human hosts by using a wide array of virulence factors used for: movement, killing host cells, and evading immune cells and antibiotics. Understanding virulence factors and their regulation has proved to be an important means of combating the morbidity and mortality of P. aeruginosa as well as the ever-increasing threat of drug resistance. By targeting virulence factors …

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