Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (5481)
- Education (4383)
- Engineering (4149)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (3529)
- Arts and Humanities (3498)
-
- Life Sciences (3160)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (2242)
- Psychology (1664)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (1170)
- Educational Leadership (1089)
- Sociology (976)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (796)
- Chemistry (779)
- History (716)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering (663)
- Communication (654)
- Mechanical Engineering (648)
- Biology (632)
- Environmental Sciences (627)
- Physics (617)
- Computer Sciences (567)
- Higher Education (553)
- Business (548)
- Animal Sciences (502)
- Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (488)
- Curriculum and Instruction (480)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (454)
- Teacher Education and Professional Development (451)
- Clinical Psychology (440)
- Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research (431)
- Institution
-
- University of Mississippi (8605)
- University of Central Florida (6833)
- South Dakota State University (4806)
- University of Louisville (4690)
- East Tennessee State University (3783)
-
- University of Denver (2614)
- Duquesne University (2246)
- Abilene Christian University (1056)
- Stephen F. Austin State University (675)
- Coastal Carolina University (202)
- Xavier University of Louisiana (147)
- University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis (3)
- University of Memphis (2)
- Georgia Southern University (1)
- Keyword
-
- Morgridge College of Education (711)
- College of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences (659)
- Education (605)
- Daniel Felix Ritchie School of Engineering and Computer Science (398)
- College of Natural Science and Mathematics (259)
-
- Gender (212)
- Higher education (205)
- School administration (200)
- Josef Korbel School of International Studies (197)
- Leadership (189)
- Teaching and Learning Sciences (167)
- Psychology (165)
- Identity (151)
- Retention (150)
- Communication (143)
- Phenomenology (141)
- Women (136)
- Joint Ph.D. Program in Study of Religion (133)
- Race (127)
- Depression (124)
- Curriculum and Instruction (121)
- Mathematics (120)
- Technology (120)
- Machine learning (118)
- Stress (118)
- Simulation (114)
- Higher Education (110)
- Performance (109)
- Anthropology (105)
- Religion (104)
- Publication Year
- File Type
Articles 24451 - 24480 of 35663
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Effects Of Inquiry And Single-Gender Grouping On Second Grade Girls' Attitudes And Participation In Science, Elsy Estrada
The Effects Of Inquiry And Single-Gender Grouping On Second Grade Girls' Attitudes And Participation In Science, Elsy Estrada
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Disparities between males and females in attitudes toward science have been the focus of extensive investigations. Studies have found that females feel intimidated by their male peers in science and mathematics classes, making girls less likely to participate. Their confidence in these areas decreases and they become less likely to follow related career paths. Researchers and educators are at task to find methods to provide equal learning opportunities for all students. The purpose of this action research was to investigate the effects of single-gender grouping and inquiry-based teaching on girls' participation and attitude in science class. This study took place …
The Effect Of Social Presence On Teacher Technology Acceptance, Continuance Intention, And Performance In An Online Teacher Professional Development Course, Jo Smith
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine if the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) could explain the relationship between teacher's acceptance of an online teacher professional development course and their continuance intentions regarding online teacher professional development (oTPD). This study focused on the perceptions of the teachers as opposed to the design or implementation of oTPD. The participants (N=517) were mostly teachers (88.8%) enrolled in a statewide online course to provide classroom teachers with the latest knowledge of research-based instructional reading strategies. The course was offered over a 10-14 week period during the Spring 2006 semester through a public state …
Pluralism And Presidential Campaign Finance Reform: A Policy Analysis Of Campaign Finance Reform From Feca To Bcra, Tully Dillon
Pluralism And Presidential Campaign Finance Reform: A Policy Analysis Of Campaign Finance Reform From Feca To Bcra, Tully Dillon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
One of the underlying themes in American politics is that the addition of campaign finance laws at the presidential election level will have a negative relationship with amount of influence and money in campaigns and the amount of regulation. In other words, as regulation goes up the amount of money and influence will decrease. However, with the recent 2004 presidential election this concept has surely been shown to be problematic, at least at the outset. The purpose of this thesis is to examine this relationship and to further expand upon the limited knowledge of this sub-field of political science. This …
Caregiver Burden And Coping Responses For Females Who Are The Primary Caregiver For A Family Member Living With Hiv/Aids In Kenya, Veronica Kimemia
Caregiver Burden And Coping Responses For Females Who Are The Primary Caregiver For A Family Member Living With Hiv/Aids In Kenya, Veronica Kimemia
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Caring for a family member who is ill can be a draining experience (Cooper et al., 2006; Daire, 2002; Zarit et al, 1980). Providing care for a family member that is living with HIV/AIDS is potentially even more stressful because of social meanings associated with HIV/AIDS infection (Stajduhar, 1998) and the contagious nature of the HIV virus (Powell-Cope & Brown, 1992). Research indicates that most caregivers are female (Bunting, 2001; Songwathana, 2000). In Africa women bear the brunt of the burden of providing care for family members who are living with HIV/AIDS (Mushonga, 2001; Olenja, 1999). This study examined coping …
Avl And Response Time Reduction: Image And Reality, Charles Russo
Avl And Response Time Reduction: Image And Reality, Charles Russo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Automatic vehicle locator (AVL) systems, utilizing military's global positioning system, may impact response time to law enforcement calls for service. In order to evaluate the impacts of AVL on response time to calls for service at the Altamonte Springs Police Department (ASPD), computer aided dispatch (CAD) data from years 1999 to 2003 were analyzed. The analysis of each of the data sets consisted of an initial sequence chart, an analysis of variance (ANOVA), a means plot and a linear regression. Interviews of ASPD personnel were conducted to understand user perceptions of AVL. Based on the ANOVA results, trends indicate that …
In Transition: An Activity Theoretical Analysis Examining Electronic Portfolio Tools' Mediation Of The Preservice Teacher's Authoring Experience, Rebecca Fiedler
In Transition: An Activity Theoretical Analysis Examining Electronic Portfolio Tools' Mediation Of The Preservice Teacher's Authoring Experience, Rebecca Fiedler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Co-chairs: Dr. Donna Baumbach Dr. Gail West Background: Electronic portfolios are increasingly used to make critical decisions about teacher candidates and program accreditation. Adoption rates for portfolios are at nearly 90% for schools, colleges, and departments of education (Salzman, Denner, & Harris, 2002). Over 50% of institutions who rated themselves or were nominated by others as exemplary users of electronic portfolios use web-based database-driven electronic portfolio systems (Strudler & Wetzel, 2005b; Wetzel & Strudler, 2005b). There is a paucity of theory-driven, systematic, rigorous research on electronic portfolios and a need for in-depth, context-aware research on such initiatives. Purpose: To explicate …
Fast Response Liquid Crystal Devices, Yung-Hsun Wu
Fast Response Liquid Crystal Devices, Yung-Hsun Wu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Liquid crystal (LC) has been widely used for displays, spatial light modulators, variable optical attenuators (VOAs) and other tunable photonic devices. The response time of these devices is mainly determined by the employed liquid crystal material. How to obtain fast response for the LC devices is a fundamentally important and technically challenging task. In this dissertation, we investigate several methods to improve liquid crystal response time, for examples, using dual-frequency liquid crystals, polymer stabilized liquid crystals, and sheared polymer network liquid crystals. We discover a new class of material, denoted as sheared polymer network liquid crystal (SPNLC) which exhibits a …
Fade Statistics For A Lasercom System And The Joint Pdf Of A Gamma-Gamma Distributed Irradiance And Its Time Derivative, Frida Stromqvist Vetelino
Fade Statistics For A Lasercom System And The Joint Pdf Of A Gamma-Gamma Distributed Irradiance And Its Time Derivative, Frida Stromqvist Vetelino
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The performance of lasercom systems operating in the atmosphere is reduced by optical turbulence, which causes irradiance fluctuations in the received signal. The result is a randomly fading signal. Fade statistics for lasercom systems are determined from the probability density function (PDF) of the irradiance fluctuations. The expected number of fades per second and their mean fade time require the joint PDF of the fluctuating irradiance and its time derivative. Theoretical integral expressions, as well as closed form, analytical approximations, were developed for the joint PDF of a gamma-gamma distributed irradiance and its time derivative, and the corresponding expression for …
Catching Satisfaction: Personal And Political Framing In The Homebirth Movement, Nasima Pfaffl
Catching Satisfaction: Personal And Political Framing In The Homebirth Movement, Nasima Pfaffl
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis illuminates the experiences, motives, and framing process of a cohort of homebirthing women in Tucson, Arizona who embody the collective action frames of the national homebirth movement. A model of birth frame construction, alignment and adoption is presented that expands current theory on social movement framing processes, cognitive liberation, and life politics in health and self-help related movements. The study explores the evolution of homebirth midwifery nationally and locally. It articulates the main collective action frames that argue against standard maternity care and presents the alternatives proffered by the homebirth movement. It presents micro-level experiences of movement pioneers, …
Student Retention In Florida Community Colleges:Ccsse's Retention Index And Florida Accountability Measures, Marcia Roman
Student Retention In Florida Community Colleges:Ccsse's Retention Index And Florida Accountability Measures, Marcia Roman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Student retention has become a serious topic in the past several decades (Wild and Ebbers, 2002). Problematic, however, is how retention is defined and measured, as well as a lack of multi-institutional studies that support a theoretical model for improving student retention, particularly in community colleges (Bailey & Alfonso, 2005). The Community College Survey of Student Engagement (CCSSE) was launched in 2001. Based on extensive research that pertains to student learning and persistence, CCSSE defined five benchmarks of educational practice. Three of the benchmarks comprise the Retention Index. CCSSE has encouraged additional studies to further validate the relatively new survey …
Class Size Reduction: Is It Worth The Cost?A Meta-Analysis Of The Research, Christopher Camacho
Class Size Reduction: Is It Worth The Cost?A Meta-Analysis Of The Research, Christopher Camacho
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ethnicity, gender, grade level and content area mediate the relationship between class size and student achievement. Twenty six educational research studies were collected for this meta-analysis. A meta-analytical approach using like data sets were used to report the most accurate information. Fixed and random effect models were used to ensure the distribution across different studies. A total of three studies were meta-analyzed for this research. The studies included in this research examined class size and student achievement for students in grades K-7. This research examined whether there was a mediating effect …
Understanding Employees' Behavioral Reactions To Aggression In Organizations, Marie Mitchell
Understanding Employees' Behavioral Reactions To Aggression In Organizations, Marie Mitchell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this dissertation is to explore employees' behavioral reactions to the perceived aggression of others. Perceived aggression is defined as behavior that is perceived to be intentionally harmful by the intended target. A typology is developed that identifies two primary dimensions of behavioral reaction: (1) the form of the behavior (aggression/non-aggression) and (2) the direction of the behavior (toward the source of the harm/not toward the source of the harm). Based on these dimensions, the typology produces four categories of behavioral reactions: retaliatory aggression, displaced aggression, constructive problem-solving, and withdrawal. A model is then presented, which identifies various …
How My Practice Of Using Manipulatives In Teaching Multiplying And Dividing Fractions Influences The Students' Conceptual Unders, Vickie Bale
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This qualitative study examined how my practice of using manipulatives to teach multiplying and dividing fractions to 8th grade students facilitated their conceptual understanding of those operations. The students who participated in the study were enrolled in one of my intensive mathematics classes. Before the lessons began, I interviewed the students and gave them a pre-assessment to determine their content knowledge and comfort level with manipulatives. The students engaged in activities that included solving problems using various manipulatives. During the activities, I made observations of their problem solving techniques and how they used the manipulatives. At the conclusion of the …
A Focus Group Of Adolescent Haitian Immigrants: Factors Affecting Their Perceptions Of Academic Success In A Florida Public High School, Mercedes Pichard
A Focus Group Of Adolescent Haitian Immigrants: Factors Affecting Their Perceptions Of Academic Success In A Florida Public High School, Mercedes Pichard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this ethnographic research was to examine the perceptions of academic success of adolescent Haitian immigrant students who have arrived in the United States within the last five years and attend a public high school in Florida. The Haitian students were asked to explain the tensions they perceive between Haitian societal and educational norms and beliefs and American ones, and explain their perceptions and concerns regarding success. The importance of their perceptions as influences on their behavior was related to Bandura's Social Cognitive Learning Theory. The relevance of certain questions concerning academic success for Haitian students was investigated …
Preferences For Performance Measures: A Study Of A Federal Agency, Gina Beckles
Preferences For Performance Measures: A Study Of A Federal Agency, Gina Beckles
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this dissertation was to determine the preferences of clients of programs administered by selected federal agencies and the preferences of the federal managers who administer the programs in assessing performance measurement systems. Using the general progression of previous budgetary models used in the public sector, the researcher developed the Modified Balance Scorecard (MBSC), a performance measurement model designed specifically for use within the public sector. Surveys based on the MBSC were administered to public managers and to clients of those managers in order to determine their preferences. The results showed that managers preferred public good measures and …
Constructs Unique To Two Volusia County Elementary Writing Programs, Kathleen Holt
Constructs Unique To Two Volusia County Elementary Writing Programs, Kathleen Holt
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This case study sought to examine constructs of two fourth-grade elementary writing programs in Volusia County, Florida. With only the Sunshine State Standards as a guide, each district, school, or teacher must design a writing curriculum that addresses those standards, develops writers, and provides accountability. Fourth-grade classrooms were selected because students at that grade level are required to participate in the FCAT Writing +, a two-day state assessemnt that requires students to compose an essay on a designated topic within a 45-minute period. A second part of the assessment consists of multiple-choice items covering editing and revising, graphic organizers, and …
The Role Of Community College Registrars In Relation To Student Information Systems Implementation, Sandra Lepley
The Role Of Community College Registrars In Relation To Student Information Systems Implementation, Sandra Lepley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the effects of implementing Web-enabled technology systems on the functional role of the community college registrar. The focus on systems implementation included in-house, outsourced, consortia, or combination of implementation strategies. A quantitative and qualitative approach included several interviews and a mailed survey questionnaire. The researcher developed the instrument from human resources position description forms, an adapted administrative Q-sort technique, and a role conflict and ambiguity perception questionnaire. The study targeted the members of the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers. The research findings indicated that some aspects of perceived role, role conflict (harmony), and ambiguity …
Silence, Absence, And Mystery In Linda Hogan's Mean Spirit, Solar Storms, And Power, Kathryn Erickson
Silence, Absence, And Mystery In Linda Hogan's Mean Spirit, Solar Storms, And Power, Kathryn Erickson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In Mean Spirit, Solar Storms, and Power, Linda Hogan uses the devices of silence, absence, and mystery to articulate the oppression and marginalization of Native Americans. Specifically, because of the environmental crises that produce conflict in each novel, the project benefits from ecocriticism, ecofeminism, and ecopsychology. Also, because of various interpretations that open up when silence is examined, theories of deconstruction strengthen the thesis. Ultimately, Hogan's characters move from silence as a form of tyranny to silence as a form of reconnection with tribal ways. As the characters discover pathways to native traditions, they also discover spiritual connections with the …
Frames In Hilbert C*-Modules, Wu Jing
Frames In Hilbert C*-Modules, Wu Jing
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Since the discovery in the early 1950's, frames have emerged as an important tool in signal processing, image processing, data compression and sampling theory etc. Today, powerful tools from operator theory and Banach space theory are being introduced to the study of frames producing deep results in frame theory. In recent years, many mathematicians generalized the frame theory from Hilbert spaces to Hilbert C*-modules and got significant results which enrich the theory of frames. Also there is growing evidence that Hilbert C*-modules theory and the theory of wavelets and frames are tightly related to each other in many aspects. Both …
Mathematical Modeling Of Smallpox Withoptimal Intervention Policy, Niwas Lawot
Mathematical Modeling Of Smallpox Withoptimal Intervention Policy, Niwas Lawot
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this work, two differential equation models for smallpox are numerically solved to find the optimal intervention policy. In each model we look for the range of values of the parameters that give rise to the worst case scenarios. Since the scale of an epidemic is determined by the number of people infected, and eventually dead, as a result of infection, we attempt to quantify the scale of the epidemic and recommend the optimum intervention policy. In the first case study, we mimic a densely populated city with comparatively big tourist population, and heavily used mass transportation system. A mathematical …
Integrated Wavelength Stabilization Of Broad Area Semiconductor Lasers Using A Dual Grating Reflector, Jason O'Daniel
Integrated Wavelength Stabilization Of Broad Area Semiconductor Lasers Using A Dual Grating Reflector, Jason O'Daniel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A new fully integrated wavelength stabilization scheme based on grating-coupled surface-emitting lasers is explored. This wavelength stabilization scheme relies on two gratings. The first grating is fabricated on the p-side of the semiconductor laser in close proximity to the laser waveguide such that it couples light out of the guided mode of the waveguide into a propagating mode in the substrate; this grating is known as the grating coupler. The second grating is fabricated on the n-side of the substrate such that for the stabilization wavelength, this second grating operates in the Littrow condition and is known as the feedback …
Polarization-Independent Liquid Crystal Devices, Yi-Hsin Lin
Polarization-Independent Liquid Crystal Devices, Yi-Hsin Lin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Liquid crystal (LC) devices can be operated as amplitude modulators and phase modulators. LC amplitude modulation is commonly used in liquid crystal display (LCD) while phase-only modulation is useful for laser beam steering, tunable grating, prism, lens, and other photonic devices. Most LC devices are polarization dependent and require at least one polarizer. As a result, the optical efficiency is low. To enhance display brightness, a power hungry backlight has to be used leading to a high power consumption and short battery life. In a LC phase modulator, the polarization dependent property complicates the laser beam steering system. It is …
Propagation Effect In Inhomogeneous Media, Including Media With Light-Induced And Fixed Gratings, Chang-Ching Tsai
Propagation Effect In Inhomogeneous Media, Including Media With Light-Induced And Fixed Gratings, Chang-Ching Tsai
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Optical waves propagation in various types of volume gratings, materials with constant impendence and optical fibers are studied. Instability of crossphase modulation and of Energy transfer via GRON-type (Grating-type Orientational Nonlinearity in Liquid Crystal) Stimulated Scattering is numerically observed. Two diffractive optical elements made of volume gratings are suggested and analyzed. A transmission hologram based on the analogy with Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) in nonlinear optics is proposed. This transmission hologram demonstrates high diffraction efficiency and low sensitivity to polarization and hologram strength. The other is a reflection hologram with two crossed-gratings. It features good angular selectivity in comparison …
All-Semiconductor High Power Mode-Locked Laser System, Kyungbum Kim
All-Semiconductor High Power Mode-Locked Laser System, Kyungbum Kim
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
All-optical synchronization and its application in advanced optical communications have been investigated in this dissertation. Dynamics of all-optical timing synchronization (clock recovery) using multi-section gain-coupled distributed-feedback (MS-GC DFB) lasers are discussed. A record speed of 180-GHz timing synchronization has been demonstrated using this device. An all-optical carrier synchronization (phase and polarization recovery) scheme from PSK (phase shift keying) data is proposed and demonstrated for the first time. As an application of all-optical synchronization, the characterization of advanced modulation formats using a linear optical sampling technique was studied. The full characterization of 10-Gb/s RZ-BPSK (return-to-zero binary PSK) data has been demonstrated. …
Variables That Predict Success With Associate Degree Nursing Students At A Community College In Florida, Linda Miles
Variables That Predict Success With Associate Degree Nursing Students At A Community College In Florida, Linda Miles
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this exploratory, retrospective study was to determine if student demographics and academic variables predicted student persistence and success in an associate degree nursing program in Florida and to investigate the variables in Tinto's Longitudinal Model of Dropout (1975).The sample population (N=304) for this study was students enrolled in one of the initial courses of the associate degree nursing program at Daytona Beach Community College (DBCC) in Daytona Beach, FL from August 2002 through August 2003. Students were assigned to one of three groups (a) passing group, (b) failing group, or (c) withdrawing group. The convenience sample of …
An Investigation To Determine The Level Of Knowledge Of Facility Maintenance By Public School-Building Level Administrators, Richard Paradise
An Investigation To Determine The Level Of Knowledge Of Facility Maintenance By Public School-Building Level Administrators, Richard Paradise
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This investigation studied the level of knowledge that principals have concerning the maintenance of their schools. A questionnaire was developed to address three research questions. These research questions were: (1) what is the extent that facilities maintenance is an important issue for school principals? (2) in what specific areas of facilities maintenance do principals lack knowledge? and (3) in what specific areas does the lack of facilities maintenance knowledge by principals exceed 30%? A questionnaire was developed to gather data to analyze comparative relationships to the research questions. Data indicated that principals do believe facilities maintenance is an important issue. …
10x The Talent = 1/3 Of The Credit: How Female Musicians Are Treated Differently In Music, Meggan Jordan
10x The Talent = 1/3 Of The Credit: How Female Musicians Are Treated Differently In Music, Meggan Jordan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This is an exploratory, qualitative study of female musicians and their experiences with discrimination in the music industry. Using semi-structured interviews, I analyze the experiences of nine women, ages 21 to 56, who are working as professional musicians, or who have worked professionally in the past. I ask them how they are treated differently based on their gender. Three forms of subtle discrimination are inferred from their narrative histories. First, female musicians are mistaken for non-musicians. They are encapsulated into inferior roles, like "the gimmick," "good for a girl," and "invisible accessory." Second, band mates and band managers control women's …
An Investigation Of The Effectiveness Of Computer-Assisted Biofeedback For Students Diagnosed As Having Autism Spectrum Disorder, Nancy Aguinaga
An Investigation Of The Effectiveness Of Computer-Assisted Biofeedback For Students Diagnosed As Having Autism Spectrum Disorder, Nancy Aguinaga
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Using a single-subject multiple baseline design across participants, this study examined the impact of computer-assisted biofeedback to promote engagement of students diagnosed as having autism spectrum disorder. The study was conducted in a public school classroom setting. Specifically the on-task behavior during an individualized academic activity was investigated. Three 9-10 year old children participated in the study. In the baseline phase, data was collected on speed to engagement and percentage of time on-task during an academic activity. A 15-second momentary time sampling procedure was used for a 5 minute session each day of the week for a five week period …
Predicting Anxiety From Parent And Childhood Variables, Brian Fisak
Predicting Anxiety From Parent And Childhood Variables, Brian Fisak
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The high prevalence rate, significant distress and impairment, and persistence of childhood anxiety disorders highlight the need for continued theoretical conceptualization and research into the developmental pathways associated these disorders. In response to this need, one goal this project was to examination and identify variables associated with the development and/or maintenance of child anxiety disorders. A second goal of this project was to examine the potential role of learning from parents as a risk factor in the development of child anxiety, with a particular emphasis on three learning mechanisms: modeling, information transfer, and reinforcement of anxious behaviors. The third goal …
The Relation Between Optimism And Job Performance: An Applied Setting, Mary Davis
The Relation Between Optimism And Job Performance: An Applied Setting, Mary Davis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research on cognitive ability measures consistently concludes that they are predictive of employee performance. While accounting for only about 9% of the variance in performance, however, cognitive ability measures are not sufficient. Alternative measures, such as measures of personality constructs, must be included to fully predict employee performance. The research on personality measures suggests that they are marginally predictive of employee performance. Research also suggests that predicative accuracy of personality measures can be enhanced when the measure is specific to the situation (i.e., stress measure are more predictive of performance in high stress situations compared to moderate or low stress …