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Towards More Reliable Neural Network Learning Models, Navid Kardan Jan 2019

Towards More Reliable Neural Network Learning Models, Navid Kardan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ideally, when a neural network makes a wrong decision or encounters an out-of-distribution example, its predictive confidence should be as low as possible. Three primary contributions in this dissertation address this challenge. The first two contributions are new approaches to mitigate overconfident predictions in modern neural networks. In the first (1), called competitive overcomplete output layer neural networks, several classifiers, as part of the same output layer, are trained simultaneously and later their consensus produces more reliable predictions. The second approach (2) reformulates the original classification problem into several new versions by combining classes together and training a classifier on …

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Ribbeting Results: Emergent Infectious Diseases In Wetland Systems, Ariel Horner Jan 2019

Ribbeting Results: Emergent Infectious Diseases In Wetland Systems, Ariel Horner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

North American amphibians have recently been impacted by two major emerging pathogens, the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and iridoviruses in the genus Ranavirus (Rv). Environmental, seasonal and host factors may play important roles in disease dynamics, but few studies incorporate these components into their analyses. Here, we investigated the role of environmental, seasonal, genetic and location effects on driving Bd and Rv infection prevalence and severity in a biodiversity hot spot, the southeastern United States. We used quantitative PCR to characterize Bd and Rv dynamics in natural populations of three amphibian species: Notophthalmus perstriatus, Hyla squirella and Pseudacris ornata and …

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Quantitative Aspects Of Interface Remodeling During Germband Extension, Timothy E. Vanderleest Jan 2019

Quantitative Aspects Of Interface Remodeling During Germband Extension, Timothy E. Vanderleest

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Oriented cell intercalation is an essential developmental process that shapes tissue morphologies through the directional insertion of cells between their neighbors. Intercalary behaviors in the early Drosophila embryo occur through a remodeling of cell topologies, with cells contracting shared AP interfaces to a single point, followed by newly juxtaposed DV cells constructing horizontally-oriented interfaces between them. Previous research has focused on properties of cell-cell interfaces, and led to a model in which actomyosin networks mediate higher line tensions at AP interfaces to direct contraction. However, the contribution of tricellular vertices to tissue elongation remains unclear. This study shows that cell …

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Training Neural Networks Through The Integration Of Evolution And Gradient Descent, Gregory Morse Jan 2019

Training Neural Networks Through The Integration Of Evolution And Gradient Descent, Gregory Morse

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Neural networks have achieved widespread adoption due to both their applicability to a wide range of problems and their success relative to other machine learning algorithms. The training of neural networks is achieved through any of several paradigms, most prominently gradient-based approaches (including deep learning), but also through up-and-coming approaches like neuroevolution. However, while both of these neural network training paradigms have seen major improvements over the past decade, little work has been invested in developing algorithms that incorporate the advances from both deep learning and neuroevolution. This dissertation introduces two new algorithms that are steps towards the integration of …

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Assessment Of A Surface Water Supply For Source And Treated Distribution System Quality, Angela Rodriguez Jan 2019

Assessment Of A Surface Water Supply For Source And Treated Distribution System Quality, Angela Rodriguez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study focused on providing a source to tap assessment of surface water systems with respect to (i) the use of alternative biomonitoring tools, (ii) disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation and control, and (iii) corrosion control. In the first study component, two water systems were microbiologically evaluated using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence technology. It was determined that microbial ATP was useful as a surrogate for biomonitoring within a surface water system when paired with traditional methods. Although microbial activity differed between distribution systems that used either chloramine or chlorine disinfectant, in both cases flowrate and season affected microbial ATP values. In …

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Multi-Modal Interfaces For Sensemaking Of Graph-Connected Datasets, Anthony Wehrer Jan 2019

Multi-Modal Interfaces For Sensemaking Of Graph-Connected Datasets, Anthony Wehrer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The visualization of hypothesized evolutionary processes is often shown through phylogenetic trees. Given evolutionary data presented in one of several widely accepted formats, software exists to render these data into a tree diagram. However, software packages commonly in use by biologists today often do not provide means to dynamically adjust and customize these diagrams for studying new hypothetical relationships, and for illustration and publication purposes. Even where these options are available, there can be a lack of intuitiveness and ease-of-use. The goal of our research is, thus, to investigate more natural and effective means of sensemaking of the data with …

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Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of Biomimetic, Bioinspired And Bio-Related Functional Polymers For Atmospheric Water Recovery, Abdullah Alqassar Jan 2019

Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of Biomimetic, Bioinspired And Bio-Related Functional Polymers For Atmospheric Water Recovery, Abdullah Alqassar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Atmospheric water recovery in changing environments has received wide attention in environmental science and engineering communities due to rapid population growth and frequent droughts. This study is focused on the design, synthesis, and characterization of biomimetic, bioinspired, and bio-related functional polymers (b3p) to help resolve the water supply issue especially in arid or semi-arid regions. It is aimed to develop unique synthetic methods to access well-defined polymers with the aid of nanomaterials and metal to produce next generation polymer materials for better atmospheric water recovery. The design of such new b3p is bioinspired by some skin materials of biological species …

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Long-Term Carbon And Copper Impact On Nutrient Removal Via Green Sorption Media In Dynamic Linear Ditch Environments, Diana Ordonez Jan 2019

Long-Term Carbon And Copper Impact On Nutrient Removal Via Green Sorption Media In Dynamic Linear Ditch Environments, Diana Ordonez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nutrient-laden stormwater runoff causes environmental and ecological impacts on receiving water bodies. Biosorption Activated Media (BAM) composed of the sand, tire crumb, and clay have been implemented in stormwater best management practices due to its ability to efficiently remove nutrients from stormwater runoff, such as in roadside linear ditches, via unique chemophysical and microbiological processes. In this study, a set of fixed-bed columns were set up to simulate some external forces in roadside linear ditches and examine how these external forces affect the performance of BAM. In our experiment, scenario 1 simulates the impact that animals such as tortoises, moles …

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Adsorption Capacity Assessment Of Advance Green Environmental Media To Remove Nutrients From Stormwater-Runoff, Hanan Elhakiem Jan 2019

Adsorption Capacity Assessment Of Advance Green Environmental Media To Remove Nutrients From Stormwater-Runoff, Hanan Elhakiem

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Best Management Practices (BMPs) in stormwater treatment are a suite of treatment alternatives to deal with pollutant removal problems from stormwater runoff. Biosorption-activated media (BAM) are green sorption media consists of recycled materials have shown excellent nutrient removal as an effective BMP by enhancing physicochemical and microbiological processes. In this study, Iron-Filling Green Environmental Media (denoted as IFGEM-3) and Advanced Green Environmental Media 1 and 2 (denoted as AGEM-1 and AGEM-2) were produced and tested for their adsorption capacities as well as removal and recovery potential for phosphate, nitrate, and ammonia against natural soil (baseline) collected from a stormwater retention …

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Optimal Recipe Screening And Applications Of Iron-Filings Based Green Environmental Media (Ifgem) For Stormwater Treatment, Andrea Valencia Jan 2019

Optimal Recipe Screening And Applications Of Iron-Filings Based Green Environmental Media (Ifgem) For Stormwater Treatment, Andrea Valencia

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The applications of green sorption media for stormwater treatment and nutrient removal benefit surface and ground water bodies by reducing non-point source pollution from stormwater runoff. To enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal, a sequential study was performed to develop an improved green sorption media in this study by including the iron filings into the previous biosorption activated media (BAM). The iron-filings-based green environmental media (IFGEM) are thus composed of sand, tire crumb, clay and ground iron filings in which clay and iron particles are supposed to have salient interactions that cannot be present in BAM. However, the optimal ratio between …

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Comparative Nutrient Removal With Innovative Green Soprtion Media For Groundwater And Stormwater Co-Treatment, Dan Wen Jan 2019

Comparative Nutrient Removal With Innovative Green Soprtion Media For Groundwater And Stormwater Co-Treatment, Dan Wen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As indicated by the National Academy of Engineering, the understanding of nitrogen cycle has been deemed as one of 14 grand challenges in engineering of the 21st century. Due to rapid population growth and urbanization, the stormwater runoff increased in quantity as well as its nutrient concentrations, which may trigger serious environmental issues such as eutrophication in aquatic systems and ecosystem degradation. This study focuses on stormwater and groundwater quality control via Biosorption Activated Media (BAM) which can be applied to enhance the nutrient removal potential as an emerging Best Management Practices (BMPs). BAM was tested in this study with …

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Field Testing And Simulation Of Vadose-Zone Recharge Wells In The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer As An Artificial Recharge Method, Kyungwon Kwak Jan 2019

Field Testing And Simulation Of Vadose-Zone Recharge Wells In The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer As An Artificial Recharge Method, Kyungwon Kwak

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Increasing concerns regarding depletion of groundwater in the Delta region of Mississippi have led to a need to augment natural recharge. Infiltration basins are often one of the simplest means of artificially recharging aquifers. However the Delta has a layer of clay and silt at the surface so it is a better idea to use vadose-zone recharge wells that are not limited by the surficial layer of fine soils. The purpose of this study is to use full-scale field testing to assess the feasibility of using vadose-zone wells for artificial recharge of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer by using …

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Apply Now!: Utilizing Application Date To Predict College Enrollment, Jennifer Leigh Phillips Jan 2019

Apply Now!: Utilizing Application Date To Predict College Enrollment, Jennifer Leigh Phillips

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Using Perna’s (2006) college choice model as the conceptual framework, the researcher utilized two data analyses to complete this study. First, multiple regressions were performed on three groups of variables: entrance examination, core high school gpa, and cumulative high school gpa; gender, ethnicity, and residency; and first-generation status and Mississippi congressional district. Second, a chi square test was completed to discover how likely it is that a student’s application date is related to the acceptance rate (likelihood of acceptance) and yield rate (likelihood of matriculating) of the University of Mississippi freshman class.

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Looking Into The Past: The Diversification Of Amphibians In The Neotropical Savannas, Ísis Da Costa Arantes Jan 2019

Looking Into The Past: The Diversification Of Amphibians In The Neotropical Savannas, Ísis Da Costa Arantes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Aim: Reveal the evolutionary processes that contributed to biotic diversification in the Cerrado savanna using amphibians as a model. Evolutionary patterns were investigated by comparing the phylogeographic and biogeographic history of biome-specific yet widely distributed amphibian species (Chiasmocleis albopunctata, Dendropsophus rubicundulus and Physalaemus nattereri). Location: Cerrado region, central South America. Methods: I sampled thousands of loci randomly distributed throughout the genomes of all three species. I applied phylogenetic, phylogeographic, demographic, and coalescent species delimitation methods to these molecular data, in combination with species distribution modeling for the past, in order to resolve questions of evolutionary history, taxonomic diversity, …

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Impact Of Quality Attributes Of Topical Products On Their Performance, Purnendu Kumar Sharma Jan 2019

Impact Of Quality Attributes Of Topical Products On Their Performance, Purnendu Kumar Sharma

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Topical drug delivery such as creams and emulsions are most widely used in the treatment of skin diseases. It offers advantages such as non-invasiveness, direct drug delivery at the site of action, patient compliance and lower cost of treatment. However, topical formulation development faces challenges in the market in terms of critical evaluation parameters for understanding the effect of manufacturing process variables, the role of excipients and the effect of its compositions and skins buffering capacity. The main objective of the first project was to investigate the effect of different manufacturing process variables which can influence the microstructure thereby understanding …

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Story Reading As A Method For Cognate Vocabulary Learning In Preschool Children, Patricia Thomasio Quinelato Jan 2019

Story Reading As A Method For Cognate Vocabulary Learning In Preschool Children, Patricia Thomasio Quinelato

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative experimental study aims to investigate the learning outcomes of foreign-language cognate vocabulary in preschool children with the use of story reading; more specifically, how the frequency of appearance of the words in children's stories affect the learning outcomes of foreign-language cognate vocabulary and how the children's retention of highly similar cognates compares to that of partial cognates. Stories are believed to be an authentic and credible source of knowledge; they make information more memorable and promote active meaning making (Rossiter, 2002). The procedure includes six sessions with the children for each story: 1. a vocabulary pre-test before each …

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Optimization Of Reproductive Success In Beef Cattle By Implementation Of Estrus Resynchronization, Nutritional Management, And Evaluation Of Disease Prevalance, Kaitlin M. Epperson Jan 2019

Optimization Of Reproductive Success In Beef Cattle By Implementation Of Estrus Resynchronization, Nutritional Management, And Evaluation Of Disease Prevalance, Kaitlin M. Epperson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The beef industry is a unique community of operations that employ different management techniques to accomplish a similar goal. Like other facets of animal agriculture, profitability of the beef industry is heavily reliant upon the implemented management practices. Reproductive efficiency is an area of management that has great potential to positively influence the success of beef production. Through the use of reproductive technologies such as estrus synchronization and AI, a greater percentage of females can become bred to superior sires, breeding and calving seasons can be shortened, calf uniformity increased, and economic return maximized (Odde, 1990; Rodgers et al., 2012; …

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Nodule Zone-Specific Gene Expression In Soybean, Sadikshya Aryal Jan 2019

Nodule Zone-Specific Gene Expression In Soybean, Sadikshya Aryal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nitrogen is one of the most limiting nutrients for plant growth and yield. Leguminous plants such as soybean (Glycine max) have developed the ability to form a symbiotic association with nitrogen fixing rhizobia. This symbiotic association results in the formation of unique structures called nodules that originate from root cortex via de novo cell differentiation. During soybean nodule development, two major nodule zones, the Nodule primordium (Npr) in the center and the nodule parenchyma (Npa) in the periphery, are clearly distinguishable. Npr gives rise to infection zone (IZ), and the Npa holds vascular bundles. However, it is not clear what …

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Improvement Of Dried Distillers’ Grains With Solubles Utilizing Pretreatments And Fungal Fermentation, Burgandy Zschetzsche Jan 2019

Improvement Of Dried Distillers’ Grains With Solubles Utilizing Pretreatments And Fungal Fermentation, Burgandy Zschetzsche

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Limited inclusion of distillers’ grains in animal feed is primarily due to low protein and high fiber content. Other elements, such as phytate phosphorus levels in DDGS are still an issue for monogastric animals such as swine, poultry, and fish. Furthermore, unabsorbed phytic acid in manure poses a high risk for environmental pollution, because bacteria can hydrolyze phytic acid into free phosphorus that can result in algal blooms and eutrophication of surface or ground water. The objective of this thesis was to improve the nutritional value of corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS). This was done utilizing submerged fungal …

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Applying Machine Learning Algorithms For The Analysis Of Biological Sequences And Medical Records, Shaopeng Gu Jan 2019

Applying Machine Learning Algorithms For The Analysis Of Biological Sequences And Medical Records, Shaopeng Gu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The modern sequencing technology revolutionizes the genomic research and triggers explosive growth of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. How to infer the structure and function from biological sequences is a fundamentally important task in genomics and proteomics fields. With the development of statistical and machine learning methods, an integrated and user-friendly tool containing the state-of-the-art data mining methods are needed. Here, we propose SeqFea-Learn, a comprehensive Python pipeline that integrating multiple steps: feature extraction, dimensionality reduction, feature selection, predicting model constructions based on machine learning and deep learning approaches to analyze sequences. We used enhancers, RNA N6- methyladenosine sites and …

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Effects Of A Low Allergenic Soybean Variety On Gut Permeability, Digestibility And Growth Performance In Pigs, Katelyn M. Zeamer Jan 2019

Effects Of A Low Allergenic Soybean Variety On Gut Permeability, Digestibility And Growth Performance In Pigs, Katelyn M. Zeamer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Soybeans are the ‘gold standard’ protein source in pig diets, with lower inclusion levels in weaned pig diets due to transient inflammatory and hypersensitivity responses. This study evaluated a low allergenic (LA) soybean seed containing low Trypsin inhibitors, lectins, and P34 protein. The objective was to determine the impact of weaned pig diets containing LA soybean in both meal (LASBM) and full fat ground (LAGR) forms on the intestinal permeability and gut microbial composition, digestibility of protein and amino acids, and growth performance, in comparison to conventional (CON) soybeans and animal proteins (ANIM). In study 1, 60 weaned barrows (20.9 …

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Role Of Glial Glutamate Transporter In Animal Model Of Acute And Chronic Inflammatory Pain, Ghallab Alotaibi Jan 2019

Role Of Glial Glutamate Transporter In Animal Model Of Acute And Chronic Inflammatory Pain, Ghallab Alotaibi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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A Seed Dormancy Gene-Mediated Biotechnology To Mitigate Transgene Flow Into Weedy Rice, Luai Nahar Muhammad Jan 2019

A Seed Dormancy Gene-Mediated Biotechnology To Mitigate Transgene Flow Into Weedy Rice, Luai Nahar Muhammad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Transgene flows into wild/weedy relatives may cause ecological and economic problems. Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait that distributes germination over time and promotes persistence of weeds in agroecosystems. Silencing natural genes controlling seed dormancy (SD) could promote germination and reduce weed adaptability. The goal of this project was to develop a transgenic mitigation (TM) technology by linking to a primary transgene with an SD gene-silencing structure, as a tandem construct for transformation, to reduce the risk of gene flow into weed populations. In this research, the Bar (Bialaphos) gene for resistance to the glufosinate herbicide was used as a …

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Identifying Critical Genes For Cholesterol Metabolism In Macrophages Using Crispr-Cas9 Whole-Genome Screens, Kevin Wanniarachchi Jan 2019

Identifying Critical Genes For Cholesterol Metabolism In Macrophages Using Crispr-Cas9 Whole-Genome Screens, Kevin Wanniarachchi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Macrophage foam cells contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation, a pathology that underlies heart disease, peripheral arterial disease and stroke. Foam cells form when macrophages take up excessive amounts of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) leading to elevated cellular levels of neutral lipids, which are packaged into lipid droplet organelles. Despite the high public health priority motivating research of cardiovascular disease processes, current understanding of macrophage cholesterol metabolism including mechanisms of LDL uptake, cholesterol trafficking, lipid droplet biogenesis, lipid droplet degradation and cholesterol efflux is limited. Here, we implemented a CRISPR-Cas9 whole genome screening strategy to identify critical genes regulating macrophage cholesterol metabolism. …

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Former African-American Male Football Student-Athletes At Southeastern Conference Institutions And Their Transition From Athletics To Non-Athletic Careers, Deterrian L. Shackelford Jan 2019

Former African-American Male Football Student-Athletes At Southeastern Conference Institutions And Their Transition From Athletics To Non-Athletic Careers, Deterrian L. Shackelford

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The problem of practice for this dissertation will address the perceived deficiencies in the cultivation of workplace readiness and the projection of career success among former African-American football student-athletes at Southeastern Conference institutions. The focus of this dissertation in practice will be to examine the perceived lack of development of academic, social and psychological skills in order to achieve a successful transition from athletics to non-athletic careers. This study will identify the applicable career and academic developments, discussed and articulated by former African-American male football student-athletes, which directly influence their employability qualities. Manuscript two will review data generated from the …

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X-Ray Crystal Structure Of Au36(Sph-Pch3)24 Nanomolecules, Vigneshraja Ganeshraj Jan 2019

X-Ray Crystal Structure Of Au36(Sph-Pch3)24 Nanomolecules, Vigneshraja Ganeshraj

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Au36(SR)24 is one of the most comNanomolecules (NM) in gold NM field and crystal structures of Au36(SR)24 with different thiolate protecting ligand such as tert-butylbenzene thiol, thiophenol and cyclopentane thiol have been reported. It has been predicted that aromatic thiol protected Au36(SR)24 NM have same core structures like the other reported Au36(SR)24 NMs. Due to the steric and electronic conjugation effects the staples on the gold core exhibit minor changes in the bond length without affecting the gold core. By varying the Gold:Thiol ratio the NM size can be controlled. Herein, we report the synthesis, isolation and characterization of two …

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Care In The Workplace:The Employer’S Role In The Alleviation Of The Eldercare Problem, Joseph Michael Duda Jan 2019

Care In The Workplace:The Employer’S Role In The Alleviation Of The Eldercare Problem, Joseph Michael Duda

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Center for Disease Control has referred to the group of people, aged 18-35, who have an elderly dependent they care for (by which I mean physical, emotional, or mental assistance necessary for the elderly dependent’s continued living) and are entering the workforce as the “sandwich” generation. These people are at the age where they may be simultaneously raising a child and taking care of an elderly family member. It has been estimated that, as of 2006, 17% of the U.S. workforce belong to the sandwich generation. In addition to the sandwich generation, there are 44 million people in the …

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Design And Investigation Of Genetic Algorithmic And Reinforcement Learning Approaches To Wire Crossing Reductions For Pnml Devices, Alexander Keith Gunter Jan 2019

Design And Investigation Of Genetic Algorithmic And Reinforcement Learning Approaches To Wire Crossing Reductions For Pnml Devices, Alexander Keith Gunter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Perpendicular nanomagnet logic (pNML) is an emerging post-CMOS technology which encodes binary data in the polarization of single-domain nanomagnets and performs operations via fringing field interactions. Currently, there is no complete top-down workflow for pNML. Researchers must instead simultaneously handle place-and-route, timing, and logic minimization by hand. These tasks include multiple NP-Hard subproblems, and the lack of automated tools for solving them for pNML precludes the design of large-scale pNML circuits.

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Nanosuspension Based Electrolyte Sensitive In Situ Gel For Topical Ocular Delivery Of Natamycin, Poorva H. Joshi Jan 2019

Nanosuspension Based Electrolyte Sensitive In Situ Gel For Topical Ocular Delivery Of Natamycin, Poorva H. Joshi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Natamycin (NT) is a commercially available antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal keratitis, an infection which affects the clear corneal surface and its associated layers. Currently, NT is available commercially as a 5% w/v ophthalmic suspension, to be administered topically. The main objective of the present investigation was to develop and evaluate the natamycin loaded nanosuspension (NT-NS), as well as it’s corresponding in-situ gel (NT-NS-GG), for the treatment of fungal keratitis. NT-NS was prepared using homogenization technique and optimized based on size, PDI, zeta potential (ZP), assay and process stability. Further, optimized NT-NS was modified into an in-situ …

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Ecological Factors Associated With Habitat Use Of Baird’S Tapirs (Tapirus Bairdii), Victoria Diane Monette Jan 2019

Ecological Factors Associated With Habitat Use Of Baird’S Tapirs (Tapirus Bairdii), Victoria Diane Monette

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Baird’s tapir, the largest terrestrial mammal in Central America and a crucial seed disperser and ecosystem engineer, has experienced a 50% loss of habitat in its geographic range during the past 30 years. Efforts to conserve this species need to consider factors that have contributed to its endangerment, such as how human presence and human-mediated habitat change may influence tapir behavior, body condition, and disease susceptibility. In this thesis I had two goals: 1) understand how human disturbance affects tapir activity patterns, and 2) noninvasively determine the association of disturbance with tapir health. I first compared the activity patterns …

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