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Counselor Perspectives On Substance Use Treatment In Pennsylvania As Medical Cannabis Laws Evolve, Renee L. Ludwig Dec 2025

Counselor Perspectives On Substance Use Treatment In Pennsylvania As Medical Cannabis Laws Evolve, Renee L. Ludwig

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cannabis, once primarily regarded as a recreational or “party” drug, has undergone a significant shift in public and medical perception over the past two decades. It is now increasingly recognized as a therapeutic agent prescribed within clinical settings. While substantial research has examined the general use of medical cannabis, relatively little attention has been given to its implications for substance use counselors treating clients who use medical cannabis during treatment for substance use disorders. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of substance use counselors regarding client use of medical cannabis and to investigate how such use …


An Ancient And Future Model Of Ecclesial Ministry: Exploring Insights From African Ecclesiology For A Revitalized Understanding Of The Catechist In The Amecea Region, Fortunatus Mugisha Dec 2025

An Ancient And Future Model Of Ecclesial Ministry: Exploring Insights From African Ecclesiology For A Revitalized Understanding Of The Catechist In The Amecea Region, Fortunatus Mugisha

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The ministry of the catechist has historically been an enduring and transformative ministry in the life of the Church in Africa, particularly in the AMECEA region. Within the AMECEA region (Association of Member Episcopal Conferences in Eastern Africa), catechists have ministered not merely as transmitters of the faith but as the “unsung heroes and heroines” and vital agents of evangelization, pastoral care, and community leadership serving as the local face of the Church. This dissertation, relying on the insights from African ecclesiologies, proposes a renewed theological and pastoral understanding of the catechist as an ancient and future model of ecclesial …


Navigating The Digital Divide: A Quantitative Analysis Of The Digital Literacy Skills Of College Students Through The Lens Of Technological Self-Efficacy, Robert M. Spisak Jr Dec 2025

Navigating The Digital Divide: A Quantitative Analysis Of The Digital Literacy Skills Of College Students Through The Lens Of Technological Self-Efficacy, Robert M. Spisak Jr

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This quantitative dissertation addresses the digital literacy skills gap among college students and their ability to effectively use digital technologies in higher education. While many students arrive with technical skills, gaps exist in their ability to critically assess information, ethically engage with digital content, and apply these competencies across academic and professional contexts. Grounded in the framework of technological self-efficacy, which emphasizes the belief in one’s ability to perform digital tasks, this study examines both the digital literacy skills student bring from high school and their self-perceptions of those skills during college. This study was guided by the following research …


Child Care For Student Parents: A Critical Discourse Analysis Of Policy And Politics In Nys, Elizabeth M. Starks Dec 2025

Child Care For Student Parents: A Critical Discourse Analysis Of Policy And Politics In Nys, Elizabeth M. Starks

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This policy analysis dissertation explores the complex and multifaceted challenges that exist within New York State’s early childhood care and education (ECCE) system by critically examining the amendment of one NYS social services law. Guided by Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, this study examines two research questions (under one overarching question):

  1. What language and arguments are effective in making change in Early Childhood policy in NYS?
    1. What is the policy discourse surrounding the amendment of subdivision 1 of section 410-w social services law in NYS?
    2. What is the political discourse surrounding the amendment of subdivision 1 of section 410-w social services …


Hoarding And The Hoarded Home: A Phenomenological And Psychoanalytic Study, Brianna Stich Dec 2025

Hoarding And The Hoarded Home: A Phenomenological And Psychoanalytic Study, Brianna Stich

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

While research on hoarding tends to isolate hoarders from the homes they hoard and in which they live, the hoard and the hoarder share a life in the home. This study explores how hoarders live with and live through their hoard at home. It combines psychoanalysis and phenomenology within a unique methodological framework to provide a hermeneutic reading of the psychological significances of the hoarded home. In this study, the contemporary conceptualization of hoarding is historically situated and critiqued from a phenomenological perspective, and the view that hoarding is a single, behaviorally-defined syndrome that is explainable by a cognitive-behavioral model …


Limiting A Liberal Education: Exploring Technology Access And Equity Through Universal Design And Critical Disability Studies, Marisa R. Carlson Dec 2025

Limiting A Liberal Education: Exploring Technology Access And Equity Through Universal Design And Critical Disability Studies, Marisa R. Carlson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This quantitative improvement study investigates how classroom technology policies impact equity, access, and alignment with liberal arts values at a small Catholic liberal arts college. The study arose from concerns regarding academic accommodations, where students needed to formally request access to digital tools that were widely available. The focus is on inconsistent and sometimes restrictive technology policies that create barriers for students relying on these resources.

Interpreted through the conceptual frameworks of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and Critical Disability Studies (CDS), this study was guided by the following research questions:

  1. What expectations do students have regarding access to technology …


(Un)Intended Consequences Of Race In Medicine: The Ethics Of Race-Based Medical Practice And The Perpetuation Of Structural Racism, Allegra Merriweather Dec 2025

(Un)Intended Consequences Of Race In Medicine: The Ethics Of Race-Based Medical Practice And The Perpetuation Of Structural Racism, Allegra Merriweather

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation proposes that race-based medicine acts as a form of structural racism that is ethically indefensible. While it may be claimed to be a neutral diagnostic tool, the medical use of race as a biological proxy only further enforces the very hierarchies it purports to remediate, reinscribing inequity from conception to death. Building off Jacques Ellul’s work on Technique, we interpret race-based medicine as a self-perpetuating system that values procedural expediency over moral accountability. In nine chapters, the analysis follows the ways this technique is manifested in genetics and assisted reproduction, where commodified racial selection preserves social hierarchies; in …


Explainable A.I. For Analysis And Interpretation Of Heterogeneous Crime Data., Sadaf Ahmed Dec 2025

Explainable A.I. For Analysis And Interpretation Of Heterogeneous Crime Data., Sadaf Ahmed

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examines the problem of fragmented data in the context of crime and cybercrime analysis. While both domains generate substantial public data, these sources vary widely in format, structure, and coverage, making it difficult to perform consistent inference or develop reliable predictive models. To address these limitations, this work proposes a layered integration framework grounded in ontology-driven modeling and data fusion. The approach is applied to two distinct but related case studies, each focused on constructing a coherent representation of criminal activity from heterogeneous sources. The first case study explores the integration of drug and human trafficking data from …


“The Moment You Are Disabled; You Are Cut Off From Society.” Assessing The Experiences Of Disabled Ghanaians And The Rights Enshrined In The United Nations Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities (Crpd)., Solomon Sackey Amoatey Dec 2025

“The Moment You Are Disabled; You Are Cut Off From Society.” Assessing The Experiences Of Disabled Ghanaians And The Rights Enshrined In The United Nations Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities (Crpd)., Solomon Sackey Amoatey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As Ghana continues to pursue inclusion and equality for disabled citizens, considerable tension remains between international human rights frameworks and local social, legal, and cultural practices. Guided by social constructionism and Critical Disability Theory (CDT), this qualitative, chapter-based study examined how disability is constructed through law, policy, and culture in Ghana. It also explored how these constructions influence the interpretation and implementation of disability rights. To achieve this, the study employed semi-structured interviews and document analysis to examine how law, policy, and cultural beliefs intersect to influence the implementation of the CRPD and lived experience of disabled Ghanaians.

Findings show …


Risk And Protective Factors For Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors For Black Adolescent Males With Exposure To Adverse Experiences Post-Covid 19 Pandemic: Findings From The 2023 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey., Amanda Minogue Dec 2025

Risk And Protective Factors For Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors For Black Adolescent Males With Exposure To Adverse Experiences Post-Covid 19 Pandemic: Findings From The 2023 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey., Amanda Minogue

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents aged 10-24 in the United States. In 2022, 784 Black adolescent males died by suicide. Recent studies have found that traditionally common associations of risk factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors are not experienced by Black adolescents, challenging how to determine and detect risk. This dissertation reviewed the variables in the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey that closely align with risk and protective factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and the interaction between these and adverse experiences in Black adolescent males. Results of this study found that among the 9 …


Exposure To Pm2.5 And Aging., Daniel Chris Gomes Dec 2025

Exposure To Pm2.5 And Aging., Daniel Chris Gomes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Inhalation of fine airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) is an environmental risk factor for numerous health disorders, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). While several studies have shown that PM2.5 exposure can induce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation, the underlying mechanisms that translate these effects into systemic pathology remain poorly understood. Some recent studies have shown that PM2.5 exposure can lead to telomere shortening in leukocytes, but the generality of this outcome and contribution to endothelial dysfunction has not yet been fully explored. We hypothesized that PM2.5inhalation accelerates cellular aging and senescence in both circulating peripheral …


Perceived Organizational Support Of High-Performance Support Staff Members In Professional Soccer Organizations., Erica B. Thompson Dec 2025

Perceived Organizational Support Of High-Performance Support Staff Members In Professional Soccer Organizations., Erica B. Thompson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore perceived organizational support among high-performance support staff (HPSS) within professional soccer organizations. Specifically, this study examined how HPSS define organizational support, identified factors that shape their perceptions, explored organizational challenges they experience, and analyzed how those challenges intersect with their perceptions of support. Organizational Support Theory (OST) and its central construct, Perceived Organizational Support (POS), served as the theoretical framework guiding this study. OST assumes employees form global beliefs about the extent to which their organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being. To address the study’s purpose, a basic interpretive …


Orientation Or Disorientation? A Critical Content Analysis Of Refugee Cultural Orientation Curriculum., Amanda Jean Lacey Dec 2025

Orientation Or Disorientation? A Critical Content Analysis Of Refugee Cultural Orientation Curriculum., Amanda Jean Lacey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cultural Orientation (CO) is a free, legally mandated, multi-session program intended to provide refugee newcomers ages 18-65 with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to integrate and achieve self-sufficiency in the United States. Despite occurring at a critical time in the resettlement process, there has been almost zero scholarship analyzing the content or efficacy of domestic CO curriculum. This dissertation addresses that gap by performing a Critical Content Analysis (CCA) on The Road Ahead (TRA), the de facto official CO curriculum promoted through the Cultural Orientation Resource Exchange (CORE). Framed by a postcolonial perspective and informed by the …


An Exploration Of Factors Associated With Sport Fan's' Choice Of Ticketing Platforms., Jacob Owsley Dec 2025

An Exploration Of Factors Associated With Sport Fan's' Choice Of Ticketing Platforms., Jacob Owsley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research study examined key experiential and demographic factors associated with sport consumers’ choice of online ticketing platforms. The research applied the technology acceptance model (TAM) to examine how trust, official sponsorship, user interface design, and price consciousness are associated with consumers’ choice between different online ticketing platforms.. Data were collected from 312 adult sport consumers in the United States through an online survey distributed across six Reddit communities focused on ticketing or research activities. Participants included individuals who bought tickets to professional sports events and attended these events during the last 12 months. The expert review process and two …


Further Characterization Of The Fungal Effector Mvlg-01732 In Planta And Heterologous Expression Of Fungal Effectors In Different Smut Fungi., Joseph Paul Ham Dec 2025

Further Characterization Of The Fungal Effector Mvlg-01732 In Planta And Heterologous Expression Of Fungal Effectors In Different Smut Fungi., Joseph Paul Ham

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Host-pathogen interactions in smut fungi are characterized by effector proteins and their role in infection. The goal of this work is to better understand these interactions by further characterizing an effector from Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae and heterologously expressing this and other effectors in heterologous species to see if the range of these effectors can play a role in pathogenicity when expressed in distantly and closely related fungal species. These effectors have been attuned over time to their host plant but have homologous interactors in other plant species. In this study, Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae, Sporisorium reilianum, and Ustilago maydis, were all used …


Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes: From Discovery To Clinical Application., Lewis Clayton Chew Dec 2025

Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes: From Discovery To Clinical Application., Lewis Clayton Chew

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the evolution of TIL therapy from its discovery to clinical application, focusing on its use in treating metastatic cancer. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), particularly TIL therapy, has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional treatments like chemotherapy. This review article traces the historical development of TILs, highlighting key experiments and clinical trials that have shaped its understanding and application as a therapeutic strategy for patients with metastatic and difficult to treat cancers including melanoma. Importantly, this article highlights recent advancements, including the FDA approval of Lifileucel, and explores emerging strategies to enhance therapeutic efficacy of TILs through …


Reclaiming Bodily Autonomy Through Gullah Geechee Natural Healing, Tamaray Yvonne White Dec 2025

Reclaiming Bodily Autonomy Through Gullah Geechee Natural Healing, Tamaray Yvonne White

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In today’s sociopolitical climate, restrictive reproductive laws continue to disproportionately target Black women, reinforcing historic patterns of racialized and gendered oppression. This thesis argues that Black women will recommence their usage of traditional herbal healing as both a survival strategy and an act of reclaiming bodily autonomy in defiance of hostile legal, financial, and medical systems. The Gullah Geechee community serves as a blueprint for this transition, offering cultural continuity, intergenerational knowledge, and a model for community-based healthcare and resistance. By tracing the historical necessity of herbal medicine among Gullah Geechee women, this study situates ancestral natural healing within contemporary …


How Fundraisers Met Goals During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Cody C. Greene Dec 2025

How Fundraisers Met Goals During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Cody C. Greene

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted nearly every aspect of higher education operations, including fundraising and donor engagement. This qualitative study explored how Vice Presidents for Advancement and other senior fundraising leaders in higher education adapted their practices to meet fundraising goals during the pandemic. Using a narrative design, in-depth interviews were conducted with nine participants representing diverse institutions in the southeastern United States. Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-phase thematic analysis was used to code and interpret the data.

Seven major themes emerged: communications, technology, donor relations, managing a fundraising team, overall giving impact, successful strategies, and the future. Participants described how …


Uncovering Conserved Biosynthetic Gene Clusters And Interbacterial Interactions Of Myxobacteria In Polymicrobial Communities, Shailaja Khanal Pokharel Dec 2025

Uncovering Conserved Biosynthetic Gene Clusters And Interbacterial Interactions Of Myxobacteria In Polymicrobial Communities, Shailaja Khanal Pokharel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Myxobacteria are prolific producers of specialized metabolites and key contributors to microbial interactions within soil and other environments, yet fundamental questions remain about the conservation of their biosynthetic capacities and the dynamics that shape their coexistence with neighboring microorganisms. This dissertation addresses these gaps through three integrated research directions. In Chapter 2 we utilized a pan-genome framework across eleven genera and 195 sequenced genomes,including ten newly reported isolates, and found five BGCs were identified as the conserved BGCs across the Myxococcota. These clusters encode metabolites with established ecological functions, none of which are known toxins, suggesting selective maintenance of signaling …


Third-Person Direct-Object Anaphora In Translation From English Into Brazilian Portuguese: A Corpus-Based Study Of Juvenile Texts Reflecting Orality, Marcella Cascione Cerqueira Netto Dec 2025

Third-Person Direct-Object Anaphora In Translation From English Into Brazilian Portuguese: A Corpus-Based Study Of Juvenile Texts Reflecting Orality, Marcella Cascione Cerqueira Netto

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The third-person accusative clitics in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) are virtually extinct in spoken language and informal writing, although formal texts and contexts still retain them. Speakers often mark third-person direct objects using the stigmatized full pronouns (syncretic with the nominative forms), null objects, or full noun phrases (NPs), also referred to as lexical NPs. The realization of these forms is not arbitrary; it is influenced by the semantic properties of the referents, particularly animacy (mainly humanness) and specificity. Animate referents [+animate] tend to be realized with overt pronouns, whereas inanimate [–animate] ones tend to be used with null objects. This …


The Effects Of Intervention With Prewriting By Drawing Approach On 9th Grade Students’ Writing, Leigh Sewell Pacileo Dec 2025

The Effects Of Intervention With Prewriting By Drawing Approach On 9th Grade Students’ Writing, Leigh Sewell Pacileo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the effects of an intervention, which included a prewriting planning with a graphic organizer and individualized feedback on writing. To improve the writing skills of ninth-grade students (N=30), a quasi-experimental study was conducted with two groups of students. While both groups were instructed to complete a writing task based on reading texts and responding to a writing prompt, the intervention group was also instructed to complete a graphic organizer as a planning tool and was provided with both oral and written feedback. The one-way ANOVA results indicated no significant difference in writing performance between the two groups …


Southern / Appalachian Migrants And Urban Development Politics In Uptown Chicago, 1950-1972, Charles Wayne Dowdy Dec 2025

Southern / Appalachian Migrants And Urban Development Politics In Uptown Chicago, 1950-1972, Charles Wayne Dowdy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigates how ideas of interregional migration were used in service of urban renewal agendas in Uptown Chicago from 1950 to 1972. It argues that The South and Appalachia as regional ideas were impactful in postwar midwestern urban development politics, even as regional identity was less powerful as an adhering force for actual migrants in comparison with factors of race and class. Chapter 1 examines the development and use of the urban enclave model of interregional migration by the Uptown Chicago Commission in the late 1950s. It argues that anxieties around suburbanization and urban decline fueled the production of …


Beyond The Surface: Exploring The Experiences Of Black Female Athletes At Power 4 Institutions, Michonné Leatrice Gamble-Rivers Dec 2025

Beyond The Surface: Exploring The Experiences Of Black Female Athletes At Power 4 Institutions, Michonné Leatrice Gamble-Rivers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Black female athletes, have a long history of fighting for visibility and inclusion. They are celebrated and hyper-visible as performers on the court yet deemed invisible in the institutional decision making that shapes their holistic development and success. This Dissertation in Practice (DiP) challenges this structural problem looking to amplify voices that have been historically silenced by systems that reduce these individuals to mere athletic capital.

Beginning with Manuscript I, this three-manuscript dissertation is built on a conceptual framework anchored in Womanist Theory, Intersectionality, and Athletic Identity, providing the necessary critical lens to investigate challenges like double jeopardy and limiting …


Exploring The Relationship Between Secondary Student Perceptions Of Teacher Involvement And Student Academic Success In Online Social Studies Courses, Thomas Matthew Herrington Dec 2025

Exploring The Relationship Between Secondary Student Perceptions Of Teacher Involvement And Student Academic Success In Online Social Studies Courses, Thomas Matthew Herrington

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The rapid growth of online learning in secondary education has highlighted the need to better understand factors that contribute to student success. While considerable research has examined online learning at the postsecondary level and in state-tested subjects, little attention has been given to social studies courses. This qualitative study explored the relationship between secondary students’ perceptions of teacher involvement and their academic success in asynchronous online social studies courses. Participants included 22 students from two accredited high schools in Mississippi, one fully online and one traditional brick-and-mortar school, both of which offered asynchronous social studies courses approved by the state …


The Lived Experiences Of Lgbtq+ Individuals Living In Male Residential Spaces In The South, Bri Reda Dec 2025

The Lived Experiences Of Lgbtq+ Individuals Living In Male Residential Spaces In The South, Bri Reda

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

While LGBTQ+ visibility on college campuses has increased, LGBTQ+ students still report negative experiences, particularly in residential environments where harassment and unwelcoming attitudes are common (Kortegast, 2017; Pryor, Ta, & Hart, 2016). Previous studies have shown that LGBTQ+ individuals often conceal their identities in residence halls due to discomfort, further diminishing their feelings of safety and connection to the campus community (Blakmon, O’Hara, & Viars, 2020; Pryor, Ta, & Hart, 2016). Despite efforts to implement inclusive policies, little research has explored the experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals in male-assigned residence halls, especially in states like Mississippi with gender-segregated housing requirements (Mississippi …


Design And Prototyping Of An Acoustic Positioning System For Gps-Denied Environment, Harley Hogan Garrett Dec 2025

Design And Prototyping Of An Acoustic Positioning System For Gps-Denied Environment, Harley Hogan Garrett

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Finding the placement of sensors is known as sensor localization, and is a necessary task to ensure that a network is capable of array processing operations, such as direction of arrival measurements. This thesis proposes a method to perform sensor localization for a wireless sensor network using acoustics. Each sensor is equipped with a microphone, speaker, and processor. Using these, the proposed system is able to find the distance between each sensor and later the geometry of the network. A series of optimizations help reduce error and improve the final accuracy of the system to within 6.5 cm. The proposed …


The Development Of Teacher-Student Relationships In The Elementary School Setting And Their Influence On The Whole Child, Jana H. Kline Dec 2025

The Development Of Teacher-Student Relationships In The Elementary School Setting And Their Influence On The Whole Child, Jana H. Kline

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The relationship students have with teachers can influence their social development, behavior, and academic performance. Some teachers naturally build positive relationships with students while others may not realize the importance or know how to build them unless specific strategies are given. The purpose of this phenomenological, qualitative research study was to examine teacher perceptions of the development of relationships with students in the elementary school setting and their influence on the whole child.

To address this purpose, data collection strategies included individual interviews with elementary school teachers. Analysis of data involved transcribing interviews and line-by-line coding. Themes regarding teacher-student relationships …


Current Knowledge And Perspectives Of Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport In An Athletic Environment, Meredith Rebecca Morgan Dec 2025

Current Knowledge And Perspectives Of Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport In An Athletic Environment, Meredith Rebecca Morgan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sport performance personnel are in a unique position to directly impact athletes. While the primary individuals who manage athlete health are physicians, sport dietitians, and certified athletic trainers, sport coaches and strength and conditioning coaches also play an impactful role in an athlete’s performance and well-being. Using an original survey, this study investigated REDs knowledge by certified athletic trainers, strength and conditioning coaches and sport coaches. The survey was employed to assess sport performance professionals’ general knowledge of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) and low energy availability (LEA) and opinions on the role of health professionals in REDs identification, …


Topic Modeling And Culturomic Analysis Of 30,000 Books Over 100 Years Using Gensim, Michael A. Freeman Dec 2025

Topic Modeling And Culturomic Analysis Of 30,000 Books Over 100 Years Using Gensim, Michael A. Freeman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the cultural influence of historical events on English-language fiction published between 1820 and 1929. Using a corpus of 30,256 digitized books from Project Gutenberg, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling was applied to identify recurring themes across eleven decades. The study sought to determine whether historically significant events could be detected within fictional narratives. One clear instance emerged: Napoleon Bonaparte and the Napoleonic Wars appeared explicitly in the 1820s corpus. Beyond this, several thematic patterns were observed—such as maritime language in the 1840s, national identity in the 1880s, and youth-oriented dialogue in the early 20th century—that plausibly …


Avaren-Fc's Effects On Lymphoma Cells., Jacob Hahn Dec 2025

Avaren-Fc's Effects On Lymphoma Cells., Jacob Hahn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigates the therapeutic potential of Avaren-Fc (AvFc), a novel lectin fusion protein that integrates the Fc region of human IgG1 with the engineered lectin Avaren, specifically targeting lymphoma. The study delineates the in vitro binding capabilities of Avaren-Fc with a human B-cell lymphoma cell line, a canine B-cell lymphoma cell line, healthy canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and healthy human PBMCs. AvFc was shown to exhibit significant binding to human lymphoma cells. Furthermore, the direct cytotoxicity of Avaren-Fc against canine lymphoma cells, canine lymphoma cells and healthy canine PBMCs was assessed. It was found that there is …