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Utilizing Various Neural Network Architectures To Play A Game Developed For Human Players, Michael Blake Arender
Utilizing Various Neural Network Architectures To Play A Game Developed For Human Players, Michael Blake Arender
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Neural Networks have received an explosive amount of attention and interest in recent years. Despite the fact that Neural Network algorithms having existed for many decades, it was not until recent advances in computer hardware that they saw widespread use. This is in no small part due to the success these algorithms have had in tasks ranging from image classification, voice recognition, game theory, and many other applications. Thanks to recent strides in hardware development, most importantly in the advancements in Graphics Processor Units including the capabilities of modern GPU Computing, Neural Networks are now capable of solving tasks at …
Minimum Number Of Individuals: A Methodological Comparison Using Human Remains From Caves Branch Rockshelter In The Cayo District Of Belize, Caitlin Elizabeth Stewart
Minimum Number Of Individuals: A Methodological Comparison Using Human Remains From Caves Branch Rockshelter In The Cayo District Of Belize, Caitlin Elizabeth Stewart
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The analysis of human remains in archaeological contexts is often complicated by the presence of highly fragmented and commingled remains. The standard methods used to help quantify the number of individuals and elements in these contexts are based upon the segmentation of whole bones. The methods provide standardization and are flexible enough to allow for the idiosyncratic nature of each context. However, this results in a lack of transparency, which is necessary to reanalyze the same sample or to compare “like” contexts, as the data collected will vary.
Social Cognitive Theory As A Framework For Understanding The Relationships Between Competition And Cooperation: A Three Essay Story Of Emerging Coopetition And Entrepreneurial Team Outcomes, Rebekah Gabrielle Swab
Social Cognitive Theory As A Framework For Understanding The Relationships Between Competition And Cooperation: A Three Essay Story Of Emerging Coopetition And Entrepreneurial Team Outcomes, Rebekah Gabrielle Swab
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Three essays explore the role social cognitive theory (SCT) plays in the interactions between competitive and cooperative traits, goal structures, and behaviors on simultaneous competition and cooperation, termed coopetition. Though the concept is advantageous and popular both in theoretical and practical terms, there are large gaps in the study of the phenomenon at the individual and collective level. In Essay One, I present a theoretical model for the emergence of collective competition, cooperation, and coopetition. Specifically, I propose collective coopetition as a meso level, compilation construct based on the individual characteristics of team members, their interactions, and the situational and …
Formulation Development, Preclinical Testing, And Primary Packaging Optimization For Cannabinoids And Other Therapeutics, Pranjal Taskar
Formulation Development, Preclinical Testing, And Primary Packaging Optimization For Cannabinoids And Other Therapeutics, Pranjal Taskar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Through the process of drug development, a molecule goes through discovery screening; lead selection and optimization, ADME testing, toxicity profiling, dosage form determination, preclinical testing in an in vitro and in vivo setup, folloby clinical research, FDA review and approval until eventually it is manufactured in the determined dosage form and reaches the patient. At every point through this process, scientists actively work towards a smoother transition and a quick and safe approval of the molecule towards the next step. The different chapters in this research would cover various phases of drug development; from discovery stage to fill-finish and primary …
A Bargain At Any Cost: The Rise Of Dollar General, Frances Evelyn Barrett
A Bargain At Any Cost: The Rise Of Dollar General, Frances Evelyn Barrett
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dollar General Corporation has grown into a retail titan with more than 15 000 stores across the continental United States. The first chapter of this thesis traces the history of this multibillion-dollar firm since its founding as a family-run business in Scottsville Kentucky in the late 1930s. Situating Dollar General’s history within the evolving contexts of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries illustrates that Dollar General Stores succeed when the economy staggers. Neoliberalism and global finance capitalism have only exacerbated the geographic expansion and profitability of the company as the second chapter begins to explore. Although Dollar General Stores open at …
Child Nutrition Program Managers’ Evaluation Of The Mississippi Recipes For Success (Mrs) Guide, Alexandra Hallmark
Child Nutrition Program Managers’ Evaluation Of The Mississippi Recipes For Success (Mrs) Guide, Alexandra Hallmark
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Findings from this study can assist MDE-OCN in future updates of the MRS Guide. MRS is an excellent resource for CNP professionals and can be used by other state child nutrition programs as a guide when developing or updating their own menu planning tools and training resources. The Mississippi Department of Education Office of Child Nutrition (MDE OCN) has been assisting child nutrition programs with meeting the nutritional needs of the students since 2000. The Mississippi Recipes for Success (MRS) guide is the latest recipe database developed and updated by MDE-OCN. This guide contains a database that is comprised of …
Reward And Punishment: The Neural Correlates Of Reinforcement Feedback During Motor Learning, Christopher Mark Hill
Reward And Punishment: The Neural Correlates Of Reinforcement Feedback During Motor Learning, Christopher Mark Hill
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
‘By the carrot or the stick’ reward or punishment has been contemplated by instructors to motivate their pupils to learn a new motor skill. The reinforcements of reward and punishment have demonstrated dissociable effects on motor learning with punishment enhancing the learning rate and reward increasing retention of the motor task. However it is still unclear how the brain processes reward and punishment during motor learning. This study sought to investigate the role of reinforcement feedback in cortical neural activity associated with motor learning. A novel visuomotor rotation task was employed with reward punishment or null feedback as the participants …
Electrochemical Studies Involving Co2 Reduction With Rhenium-Based Catalysts And For Guanosine Monophosphate Oxidation, Kayla A. Milano
Electrochemical Studies Involving Co2 Reduction With Rhenium-Based Catalysts And For Guanosine Monophosphate Oxidation, Kayla A. Milano
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The following chapter of this thesis will cover the oxidation of guanine monophosphate (GMP). GMP has been linked to numerous conditions when it is oxidized or damaged. There have been two oxidation pathways suggested in association to the oxidation of GMP: EPT and MS-EPT. The ideal conditions for GMP’s oxidation is still be studied and collected. The study focuses on the acetate versus phosphate buffer, varying base concentration in phosphate buffer, and the varying concentration of ruthenium complex, a redox mediator.
The Relationship Of Supervisory Styles And Differentiation Of Self To The Counseling Self-Efficacy Of Counselors-In-Training In The Masters' Level Practicum, Amelia Binti Mohd Noor
The Relationship Of Supervisory Styles And Differentiation Of Self To The Counseling Self-Efficacy Of Counselors-In-Training In The Masters' Level Practicum, Amelia Binti Mohd Noor
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
An analysis of the data revealed that the CITs’ reported being exposed to four clusters of multiple styles of supervision: (a) Affiliative, Directive, and a mixture of Non-Self-Disclosure – Self-Disclosure supervisory styles, (b) Authoritarian, Directive, and Non-Self-Disclosure supervisory styles, (c) Affiliative, Directive, and Self-Disclosure supervisory styles, and (d) a mixture of Authoritarian – Affiliative, Directive, and Self-Disclosure supervisory styles. Additionally, there was a significant moderate negative relationship between those reporting the Authoritarian – Affiliative dimension of supervisory style and their overall degree of DOS. This study clarifies and extends the theoretical framework used in the study. The theorized multiple styles …
The Effect Of Magnesium Supplementation On Physical Performance Of Collegiate Football Players, Shannon Marie Boguth
The Effect Of Magnesium Supplementation On Physical Performance Of Collegiate Football Players, Shannon Marie Boguth
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mg supplementation can maximize energy stores for exercise, decrease indicators of inflammation, and increase the rate of lactate clearance. While these functions of Mg can benefit exercise capabilities, research is lacking on their effects on specific performance parameters. The purpose of this study was to determine if Mg supplementation would increase performance parameters in NCAA Division-I football players. Eighty-one participants were separated into position groups and randomly assigned to receive a daily placebo, low dose of Mg (100 mg), or high dose of Mg (200 mg). Participants completed a pre- and post-test for performance parameters that included 1RM clean, 1RM …
Evaluation Of Best Practices In Child Nutrition At Child Care Centers In Mississippi, Whitney Clara Black
Evaluation Of Best Practices In Child Nutrition At Child Care Centers In Mississippi, Whitney Clara Black
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Results: Survey responses indicated that the majority of directors rated themselves as skilled at several key areas of best practices, especially in creating a clean, pleasant place for the children to eat and in using program nutrition requirements to ensure that food and nutrition needs of the children are met. Analysis of the center menus proved the latter to be true as the recommendations for Vitamin A, Vitamin C, calcium, and iron were either met or exceeded for females 4-8 years-old, and males 4-8 years-old. A need for more training was also indicated, especially in writing food and nutrition procedures …
Meaning, Purpose, And Experiential Avoidance As Predictors Of Valued Behavior: An Application Of Ecological Momentary Assessment, Jeffrey Pavlacic
Meaning, Purpose, And Experiential Avoidance As Predictors Of Valued Behavior: An Application Of Ecological Momentary Assessment, Jeffrey Pavlacic
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Values-based interventions in therapeutic settings direct behavior with avoidance and escape functions towards valued domains that are intrinsically reinforcing. This “progression” towards valued domains fluctuates on a daily basis, predicting less psychological stress. Contemporary conceptualizations of meaning in life delineate two primary domains: purpose (goal achievement), and significance or presence of meaning (the extent to which a person perceives themselves as “mattering”). These domains have not been simultaneously and systematically investigated in college students, a population at risk for developing maladaptive coping strategies and negative affect attributed to adjustment-related issues (e.g., binge drinking, depression, increased risk for suicidal ideation). College …
Synthesis Of A Novel Surface Active, Light Sensitive Polymer For Encapsulation And Delivery Of Paclitaxel, Amit Raviraj Pillai
Synthesis Of A Novel Surface Active, Light Sensitive Polymer For Encapsulation And Delivery Of Paclitaxel, Amit Raviraj Pillai
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Melanoma and non-melanoma (basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma) skin cancer (NMSC) have been recognized as an epidemic as they happen to be the most comtype of cancers in the white population. Cancer cell targeting i.e. differentiating cancer cells from normal cells has been an area of active research to reduce the side effects of cancer chemotherapy. For this research project, we have developed a novel light sensitive Methylene Blue (MB)-Polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugate with significant surfactant properties. The aim of this study was to synthesize a smart light sensitive polymer which activates and releases the encapsulated drug on exposure …
Environnmental Influences On Caribbean Octocoral-Symbiodiniaceae Symbioses, Mark Mccauley
Environnmental Influences On Caribbean Octocoral-Symbiodiniaceae Symbioses, Mark Mccauley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A Caribbean octocoral colony is an assemblage of the octocoral host, dinoflagellate algae (family Symbiodiniaceae), bacteria and other microbes, together functioning as meta-organism (holobiont). Even though octocorals dominate many Caribbean reefs, compared to scleractinian corals, little is known about their biology under ambient or potentially stressful conditions. Of the nine species of octocorals (gorgonian corals, Order: Alcyonacea) studied, each had significantly different polyp behaviors, biochemical compositions, Symbiodiniaceae parameters, isotopic signatures, in addition to hosting distinct microbial assemblages. We identified multiple Symbiodiniaceae species (Breviolum minutum, Breviolum B41, Breviolum B1a and Breviolum B1i), inhabiting the gorgonians. These symbioses were temporally and …
Investigation Of Theophylline Nicotinamide Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals Utilizing Hot Melt Extrusion, Priyanka Srinivasan
Investigation Of Theophylline Nicotinamide Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals Utilizing Hot Melt Extrusion, Priyanka Srinivasan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of the current study was to investigate the feasibility of Theophylline and Nicotinamide pharmaceutical co-crystals by hot melt extrusion technology and to evaluate the processability by using HPMCAS-MG and PEO as polymer carriers. Theophylline, a BCS class I was chosen as a model drug and Nicotinamide, a vitamin B family was selected as a suitable co-former for the co-crystals study. HPMCAS-MG, a synthetic polymer and PEO, water-soluble polymer were chosen as polymer carriers for the study. To optimize the process parameters and formulations, a physical mixture of 1:1 molar ratio of theophylline and nicotinamide were prepared. Physical mixture …
Historical Groundwater Data Analysis Of The Wilcox Aquifers In Lafayette County, Mississippi, Adam Schildhammer
Historical Groundwater Data Analysis Of The Wilcox Aquifers In Lafayette County, Mississippi, Adam Schildhammer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lafayette County, Mississippi, is located in the northern central part of the state and relies on groundwater resources for all of the municipal water needs in the county. The population is increasing in the county; therefore, groundwater withdrawals are as well. With such a high demand on groundwater, it is important to have an understanding of the historical trends of the groundwater levels to determine is the population is over pumping the available supply. The Meridian-upper Wilcox aquifer and the lower Wilcox aquifer are the two groundwater sources for the county. In order to fully understand the behaviors of these …
Predictors Of Behavioral Health Among Firefighters In Their Third Year Of Fire Service, Victoria Alicia Torres
Predictors Of Behavioral Health Among Firefighters In Their Third Year Of Fire Service, Victoria Alicia Torres
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Employee turnover is expensive, as job training can cost upwards of 30% of an employee’s annual salary (not including additional onboarding expenses; Boushey & Glynn, 2012). This is especially true among high stress, dangerous occupations that require specialized training such as firefighters (Envisage Technologies, 2016; Knoll, 2011; Patterson et al., 2010). Health status is a primary reason for job concerns that may lead to decline in job performance and employment separation (Hourani, Williams, & Kress, 2006; Virtanen, Kivimäki, Vahtera, Elovainio, Sund, Virtanen, & Ferrie, 2006). Two research areas that support this notion include literature on the biopsychosocial model and occupational …
Application Of Quality By Design And Process Analytical Technology Towards Hot-Melt Extrusion Processes, Priyanka Thipsay
Application Of Quality By Design And Process Analytical Technology Towards Hot-Melt Extrusion Processes, Priyanka Thipsay
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems were developed instead of a conventional liquid system. Solid surfactants was chosen to emulsify lipids with different HLB properties. Type of surfactant, type of lipid, Lipid/surfactant L/S ratio, feed rate, screw speed and screw configuration, were the formulation and process parameters evaluated. Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems were successfully developed on the hot-melt extruder for the first time which is a continuous processing technology.
Find The Most Here: The Academic Success Of First-Year African American Students At The University Of Mississippi, Alexandria White
Find The Most Here: The Academic Success Of First-Year African American Students At The University Of Mississippi, Alexandria White
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Three researchers, Shawnboda Mead, Earl Presley, and Alexandria White, collaborated to complete this Dissertation in Practice (DiP) which includes three manuscripts. The three-member team identified the academic success of first-year African American students at predominantly White institutions as a complex problem of practice. Bean and Eaton’s (2001) Psychological Model of Student Retention and Rodgers and Summers (2008) Revised Model of Retention for African American Students at Predominantly White Institutions provided the theoretical framework for this study. The study examines the relationship of academic success and first-year African American students who participated in the 2015 and 2016 Mississippi Outreach to Scholastic …
Novel Application Of Melt Extrusion And Additive Manufacturing On Developing Diverse Dosages, Jiaxiang Zhang
Novel Application Of Melt Extrusion And Additive Manufacturing On Developing Diverse Dosages, Jiaxiang Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
New drug product development is a time consuming and costly process. One of the significant challenges is the poor aqueous solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Among those techniques, hot-melt extrusion(HME) is optimal for pharmaceutical solid dispersion development because of it free of using an organic solvent, easy scale up, and suitable for continuous processing with ensured optimal quality control.
Comparative Effectiveness And Safety Of Non-Vitamin K Antagonists Oral Anticoagulants And Warfarin In Elderly Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation And Diabetes, Siddhi Korgaonkar
Comparative Effectiveness And Safety Of Non-Vitamin K Antagonists Oral Anticoagulants And Warfarin In Elderly Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation And Diabetes, Siddhi Korgaonkar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Results: The matched sample consisted of 4578 patients (2291 in each group). NOACs were found to significantly reduce the risk of stroke/SE compared to warfarin (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.373, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.247 - 0.564, p<0.001); but, no significant difference was seen between NOACs and warfarin in terms of reducing the risk of MI (HR: 0.864, CI: 0.594 – 1.257, p=0.446). NOACs were found to significantly reduce the risk of ICH (HR: 0.500, CI: 0.300 – 0.834, p=0.008) and OB (HR: 0.608, CI: 0.424 – 0.870, p=0.007); but no difference was seen in the risk of MGB (HR: 0.862, CI: 0.640 – 1.160, p=0.326) between NOACs and warfarin. NOACs were also found to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.783, CI:0.656 – 0.873, p=0.007). The composite of effectiveness and safety outcomes, and all-cause mortality was statistically significant proving superior overall effectiveness and safety of NOAC therapy to warfarin therapy in terms of risk reduction (HR:0.685, CI:0.587 – 0.801, p<0.001).
Validation Of A Brief Screening Instrument For Psychopathology In Adults, Adam Sattler
Validation Of A Brief Screening Instrument For Psychopathology In Adults, Adam Sattler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Structured diagnostic interviews are generally considered to be the gold standard method of assessing mental health conditions; however clinicians rarely use such techniques in clinical practice. A major factor contributing to the infrequent use of structured interviews is the amount of time required for administration and interpretation. As such there is a need to develop assessment instruments that balance the objectivity and structure of evidence-based assessment techniques against personnel time and cost. To address this need the current study sought to validate a brief screening instrument for assessing 9 commental health conditions using a well-researched structured clinical interview to establish …
E-Cigarettes And Conventional Cigarettes: Perceived Risks And Benefits Among College Students, Evi Addoh
E-Cigarettes And Conventional Cigarettes: Perceived Risks And Benefits Among College Students, Evi Addoh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
ABSTRACT Background: Accompanying the decline in cigarette smoking rates has been a rise in prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use. The ongoing investigations on the health impact of e-cigarettes have been accompanied by mixed messages and a lack of consensus which may lead college students to rely on their own perceptions of risk and benefits in deciding whether to use e-cigarettes. Conclusion: Considering the significant association of perceived risks and benefits with e-cigarette and cigarette use this study yields some findings that show the importance of appropriately addressing perceptions. It is paramount to keep the public updated on pertinent research …
Valuation Of Mentorship In Pharmacy Education And The Impact Of Perceived Personal Relevance, Ashley Stubblefield Crumby
Valuation Of Mentorship In Pharmacy Education And The Impact Of Perceived Personal Relevance, Ashley Stubblefield Crumby
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mentorship is an important component of personal and professional development for student pharmacists. This research measured the value of mentorship in this population examined potential influencing factors and the likelihood to participate in a mentoring relationship and identified preferences for the mentoring relationship. Data collection involved survey self-report of student pharmacists (P1-P4) at four participating universities. An adapted 29-item Mentoring Functions Scale (MFS) was used to measure value with functions divided into career and psychosocial categories. The highest ranked mentoring functions were psychosocial with an average score of 9 or greater on the 10-point scale. Perceived personal relevance measured using …
Evaluating The Effects Of Water Influx On The Mississippi Sound: Current Vs. Historical Relationships, Jarett Lee Bell
Evaluating The Effects Of Water Influx On The Mississippi Sound: Current Vs. Historical Relationships, Jarett Lee Bell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research investigated the influence of the opening of the Bonnet Carre Spillway and other fresh water inputs on the Mississippi Sound. The Bonnet Carre Spillway was completed in 1931 and was constructed to protect New Orleans whenever the Mississippi River is at flood stage. The spillway drains into Lake Pontchartrain a brackish-water lagoon north of New Orleans which then drains into Lake Borgne and subsequently into the Mississippi Sound. The inflow of water from the spillway changes the water chemistry of all receiving water bodies and impacts the waters of the Mississippi Gulf Coast. We collected in-situ temperature specific …
A Brief Acceptance And Commitment Therapy Based Intervention For Distressed Graduate Students, Emily Hannah Katt Jacobson
A Brief Acceptance And Commitment Therapy Based Intervention For Distressed Graduate Students, Emily Hannah Katt Jacobson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Graduate students report to experience distress at high rates. Research suggests that self-care behaviors such as sleep exercise and mindfulness practice can helpful for mental health and wellbeing. The current study examined the effectiveness of a brief Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) based intervention on increasing self-care behaviors in distressed graduate students at the University of Mississippi (N=7). The intervention was delivered in three 60-minute individual sessions. The effects of the intervention were examined using a concurrent multiple baseline across participants design. Results indicated that five out of seven participants shoincreases in self-reported self-care behaviors after the start of the …
Description And Alleviation Of The Stress Response In Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks (Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae), White-Spotted Bamboo Sharks (Chiloscyllium Plagiosum), And Golden Shiners (Notemigonus Crysoleucas), Lauren Nicole Fuller
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sharks are an essential component of many marine ecosystems; however they have experienced population declines mainly attributed to overfishing and capture of sharks as bycatch. Despite sharks often being released when captured as bycatch the act of capture can result in a stress response which may cause severe physiological perturbations. Studies have investigated the physiological impacts of capture stress on elasmobranchs but most have primarily focused on the secondary stress response. I conducted a series of studies to further describe the primary stress response through quantification of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) while also investigating methods such as sedation and limiting air …
Pharmacy Value-Based Incentive Programs: An Evaluation Of Health Plan Strategies, Pharmacist Attitudes, And Financial Impact On Retail Stores, Tristen H. Jackson
Pharmacy Value-Based Incentive Programs: An Evaluation Of Health Plan Strategies, Pharmacist Attitudes, And Financial Impact On Retail Stores, Tristen H. Jackson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Since the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2012 health plans serving Medicare beneficiaries have begun receiving sizeable incentives (>$1B) for demonstrating high ratings to quality performance scores in CMS’s Medicare star ratings program. Several of the quality measures can be directly impacted by retail pharmacists (e.g. medication adherence measures) resulting in health plans implementing programs designed to incentive retail pharmacies to work toward improving their own performance related to quality measures. While awareness of these value-based incentive (VBI) programs is growing there is still a significant lack of research which elucidates the nature of these programs and the potential …
Doing Hard Things In The Context Of Values: Values Intervention As An Establishing Operation For Approach Behavior In The Presence Of Aversive Stimuli, Emmie Hebert
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aversive control is an umbrella term for behavioral contingencies influenced by the removal or avoidance of aversive stimuli. When individuals are engaging in behavior that is under aversive control the behavior becomes relatively insensitive to changes in the environment outside of trying to escape or avoid the aversive stimulation. Teaching individuals to increase behavioral and psychological flexibility around potentially aversive stimuli is a goal of a therapeutic perspective called Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). ACT therapists and trainers use values to motivate their clients to engage in meaningful behaviors despite ever-changing and often aversive contexts. The aim of the current …
Emotion Regulation As A Predictor Of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms, Brittany Spence Sapp
Emotion Regulation As A Predictor Of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms, Brittany Spence Sapp
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research findings suggest that emotion regulation (ER) is a key component in the maintenance and development of psychopathology. However there is a paucity of research assessing ER and Obsessive-Compulsive (OC) symptoms particularly how ER relates to OC tendencies in children. Due to the pervasive nature of both ER difficulties and OC symptoms across major life domains (i.e. familial social academic) and the lasting impact of these problems into adulthood further research is needed to better understand this connection. The present study investigated this relation in a clinical sample of 472 youth (ages 10 – 17) who completed a packet of …