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The Impact Of Communication Satisfaction On Division I Student Athletes, Gabriella Gnewuch Jan 2026

The Impact Of Communication Satisfaction On Division I Student Athletes, Gabriella Gnewuch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Communication satisfaction is vital for the motivation, retention, and interpersonal success of collegiate student-athletes. While coaches play a pivotal role in the athletic experience, current literature focuses predominantly on head coaches, leaving a significant gap regarding the influence of assistant coaches. This study utilized Confirmation Theory, comprised of the dual dimensions of acceptance and challenge. The study examined how these communication behaviors impact student-athlete satisfaction at the Division I level. A census was conducted among Division I student-athletes at South Dakota State University using the Coach Confirmation Instrument (CCI) and the Student Communication Satisfaction Scale (SCSS). Quantitative results from multiple …


Evaluating Methodologies For Estimating Enteric Emissions And Modeling Greenfeed Technology Utilization In Extensive Beef And Bison Grazing Systems, Aletta Laura Husmann Jan 2026

Evaluating Methodologies For Estimating Enteric Emissions And Modeling Greenfeed Technology Utilization In Extensive Beef And Bison Grazing Systems, Aletta Laura Husmann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from grazing ruminants represent a significant component of U.S. agricultural emissions. However, enteric methane (CH4) from cow– calf systems on extensive rangelands pose substantial measurement and management challenges. The Northern Great Plains (NGP) supports nearly one-quarter of the U.S. beef cow population, yet regionally representative, herd-level enteric emission data from commercial ranches remain limited. This thesis integrates empirical field measurements with modeling approaches to evaluate the feasibility of quantifying enteric emissions on extensive rangelands and to examine system-level drivers influencing data yield, costs, and operational performance. Enteric methane and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were measured from …


New Era Of Academic Advising: Integration Of Artificial Intelligence Within Academic Advising By, Rachel Elaine Schmitz Jan 2026

New Era Of Academic Advising: Integration Of Artificial Intelligence Within Academic Advising By, Rachel Elaine Schmitz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Academic advising is a critical component of student success, directly impacting institutional retention, GPA, and student autonomy. This thesis explores the transition of this profession into my proposed fifth era characterized by the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a supportive tool, rather than a replacement, for human connection. Grounded in Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory (IRT), this study examines advisors’ perception of how advanced technology can impact the interpersonal process between students and advisors. A qualitative methodology was used, consisting of seven (N = 7) semi-structured interviews with professional advisors at South Dakota State University. Thematic analysis revealed that AI …


Effect Of Increasing Potency Of Steroidal Implants In Beef Steers At Weaning From Dry-Lot To Finish, Weston Joseph Peschel Jan 2026

Effect Of Increasing Potency Of Steroidal Implants In Beef Steers At Weaning From Dry-Lot To Finish, Weston Joseph Peschel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The receiving phase is a stressful transition period in beef production. Newly weaned cattle are offered low-energy, high-forage diets promoting lean tissue and bone development prior to the finishing phase. Steroidal implants containing trenbolone acetate (TBA) and estradiol benzoate (EB) enhance lean gain. Aggressive early implant exposure has been shown to negatively impact intramuscular fat deposition. This two-part study evaluated the initial and carryover effects of increasing doses of combined TBA and EB weaning implants on growth performance, serum metabolites, and carcass traits. In Exp. 1, newly weaned Charolais × Red Angus crossbred beef steers [n = 240 initially; body …


A Framework For Reliable Domain Ai: Knowledge-Grounded Data And Logic-Graph Reasoning, Yangxiao Bai Jan 2026

A Framework For Reliable Domain Ai: Knowledge-Grounded Data And Logic-Graph Reasoning, Yangxiao Bai

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Large language models (LLMs) perform well on general tasks, yet their deployment in specialized, high-stakes domains such as public health remains unreliable. Models hallucinate facts, combine multi-step evidence incorrectly, and retrieve context that corrupts downstream reasoning. Three root causes underlie these failures: training data that underrepresents rare but critical domain themes, reasoning that is opaque and unverifiable, and evidence use that cannot be re-checked when the evidence changes. This dissertation addresses all three. First, we introduce HDBSCAN_SSA, a coarse-to-fine topic-modeling pipeline that couples density-based clustering with a novel Semantic Seed Aggregation algorithm. Using samples drawn from a larger corpus of …


Primary Avian Tracheal Cell Models For The Isolation Of Emerging Avian Metapneumovirus Strains, Tricia Serrao Jan 2026

Primary Avian Tracheal Cell Models For The Isolation Of Emerging Avian Metapneumovirus Strains, Tricia Serrao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The emergence of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) subgroups A and B in the United States poultry industry has created an urgent need for standardized, host-specific diagnostic platforms. Historically, reliance on continuous, multi-species cell lines has limited the primary isolation of field strains and introduced potential adaptation artifacts. To address these challenges, this research first established and characterized a reproducible primary cell culture system derived from the tracheal tissues of 1-day-old turkey poults. This system was maintained in an optimized DMEM/F-12 formulation supplemented with 5% FBS, EGF, and ITS, with early-passage cultures achieving 90% confluence within 24 to 48 hours. Morphological and …


Towards Optimal And Resilient Ac/Dc Microgrids: Control Design, Analysis, And Implementation, Jun Zhang Jan 2026

Towards Optimal And Resilient Ac/Dc Microgrids: Control Design, Analysis, And Implementation, Jun Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Microgrids serve as a small-scale power grid for utilizing renewable energy to enhance energy reliability, sustainability, and resilience. As an autonomous system, an islanded microgrid can disconnect from the utility grid and operate independently by maintaining system voltage and frequency. However, this new feature introduces coordination problems among distributed generators (DGs), such as 1) how to make sure the voltage profile and current sharing in DC microgrid with different types of converters; 2) how to reduce the impact of cyberattack when the system coordination is performed based on communication, and 3) how to calculate the steady state under a droop …


Modeling Heterogeneous Trajectories Of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression With Finite Mixture Models Using The All Of Us Dataset, Yahaya Mumuni Musah Jan 2026

Modeling Heterogeneous Trajectories Of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression With Finite Mixture Models Using The All Of Us Dataset, Yahaya Mumuni Musah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) does not progress uniformly across patients, and a single average trajectory often fails to capture this heterogeneity. Understanding variation in disease progression is important for improving risk stratification and clinical management. 
Objectives: This study aims to characterize the heterogeneity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression using longitudinal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) data and to identify factors associated with distinct progression trajectory patterns. 
Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted using data from the All of Us} Research Program collected between April 23, 2002, and October 1, 2023. Adult participants with repeated eGFR measurements were …


Butting Heads With Respiratory Disease: Post-Epizootic Demography And Movement-Driven Spillover Risk In A Badland’S Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis) Meta-Population, Sean P. Ryder Jan 2026

Butting Heads With Respiratory Disease: Post-Epizootic Demography And Movement-Driven Spillover Risk In A Badland’S Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis) Meta-Population, Sean P. Ryder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is among the most significant threats to bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) conservation in North America. In July 2021, contact between bighorn sheep rams and domestic sheep north of Badlands National Park (BADL), South Dakota, USA introduced M. ovipneumoniae into the Badlands bighorn sheep meta-population, triggering an epizootic that reduced the population by approximately 80%. I evaluated the post-outbreak status of this population through two complementary studies conducted from 2023 to 2025. In Chapter 1, I quantified disease prevalence, adult survival, lamb recruitment, and population growth rate (λ) using serial quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) …


Transcriptomic And Epigenetic Analysis Of Dormant Grape Buds During Chilling Fulfillment, Imasha Thilakarathna Jan 2026

Transcriptomic And Epigenetic Analysis Of Dormant Grape Buds During Chilling Fulfillment, Imasha Thilakarathna

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Improving Human Dimensions Of Conservation Planning: Challenges And Opportunities For Sustainable Conservation Outcomes, Vivian Hulugh Jan 2026

Improving Human Dimensions Of Conservation Planning: Challenges And Opportunities For Sustainable Conservation Outcomes, Vivian Hulugh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Conservation planning is important to ensure both ecological and social benefits of natural resources, including the maintenance of functional ecosystems and stable wildlife populations as well as the provision of resources that communities rely on. Yet, the integration of the human dimensions of conservation planning remains limited in practice. This thesis examines conservation planning in South Dakota and within Joint Venture (JV) partnerships, using qualitative methods to identify challenges and opportunities for more effective and coordinated planning. In chapter one, I examine how collaboration, public participation, and the use of climate information are integrated conservation planning in South Dakota and …


Chemical Load: An Unseen Herbicide Filter In Restored Prairies?, Rylie Franklin Jan 2026

Chemical Load: An Unseen Herbicide Filter In Restored Prairies?, Rylie Franklin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Community Assembly Theory is a framework used to describe the process by which species from a regional species pool disperse and encounter various abiotic and biotic conditions that act as filters, limiting which species will populate a specific local community. Prairie restoration success can be improved by understanding abiotic and biotic filters. As agricultural practices have adopted integrated weed management plans, that include the use of both chemical and non-chemical techniques, another filter needs to be considered during restoration: the chemical load of soils, i.e., herbicide residue from recent on-site applications and herbicide drift from adjacent areas. To examine the …


Production, Characterization, And Diagnostic Application Of Monoclonal Antibodies Against The N-Protein Of Avian Metapneumovirus Subgroup B, Ravi Gupta Jan 2026

Production, Characterization, And Diagnostic Application Of Monoclonal Antibodies Against The N-Protein Of Avian Metapneumovirus Subgroup B, Ravi Gupta

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a respiratory pathogen that causes Turkey Rhinotracheitis (TRT) in turkeys and Swollen Head Syndrome (SHS) in chickens. The infection leads to facial swelling, nasal discharge, reduced egg production, and poor growth. This virus is classified into four subgroups: aMPV-A, B, C, and D, with two other novel subgroups, in which aMPV-A, B, and C are most prevalent in the commercial flocks. In early 2024, aMPV-A and B outbreaks have been reported in the US, resulting in severe economic losses. An economic assessment estimates around $112 million in losses in Minnesota and up to $434 million in …


Towards Energy Access For All: Developing The Lived Energy Experience Index (Leei), Kentina Annie Ishimwe Jan 2026

Towards Energy Access For All: Developing The Lived Energy Experience Index (Leei), Kentina Annie Ishimwe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Energy is the fuel that powers the engine of civilization. Energy access metrics ensure that nations continuously work towards providing access for all. However, the prevalent binary indicator fails to consider that energy needs to be usable, accessible, affordable, and reliable. As a result, numerous tiered and multidimensional metrics, such as the Multi-Tier Framework, came about to bridge the gap but proved to be complex and complicated to implement. This study presents the existing literature review, assesses the limitations of current energy access measurement frameworks, and compares household energy needs with reported access statistics. Based on the findings, the Lived …


Sustainable State: A Location-Based Analysis Of Recycling Habits On A University Campus, Valentyna Labrie Jan 2026

Sustainable State: A Location-Based Analysis Of Recycling Habits On A University Campus, Valentyna Labrie

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Universities are mini communities for the younger generation. Their role in advancing sustainable waste management practices is very valuable. That is why it is crucial to promote pro-environmental behavior, monitor consistent sorting accuracy, and maintain positive recycling indicators such as contamination and diversion rates. The research aim was to explore the impact of spatial context and visual communication strategies on recycling accuracy, contamination, and diversion rates at South Dakota State University (SDSU). The research analysed the impact of proximity to food service areas on waste composition. Another research interest was the impact of educational signage and stickers on recycling behavior …


Evaluating Supplementation Strategies Using Precision Livestock Technologies And Energy Based Models In Developing Beef Heifers Grazing Dormant Rangeland, Kali-Jo Bentz Jan 2026

Evaluating Supplementation Strategies Using Precision Livestock Technologies And Energy Based Models In Developing Beef Heifers Grazing Dormant Rangeland, Kali-Jo Bentz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Replacement beef heifer development in extensive grazing systems is challenged by variation in forage quality, supplement intake, and animal behavior, all of which influence the ability to achieve targeted growth prior to breeding. Precision livestock technologies (PLT) enable continuous monitoring of individual animal performance, while energy-based nutritional models support individualized supplementation. However, their application under extensive grazing conditions remains poorly understood. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were to (1) evaluate heifer utilization of multiple precision livestock technologies and their relationship with animal performance and (2) evaluate the accuracy of an individualized energy-based supplementation model by comparing predicted supplement allotments …


Securing Smart Agriculture With Communication-Efficient Federated Unlearning, Ujjwal Pudasaini Jan 2026

Securing Smart Agriculture With Communication-Efficient Federated Unlearning, Ujjwal Pudasaini

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis addresses the data poisoning attack in smart agricultural systems using federated unlearning, where the contribution of compromised field devices must be removed from the global model under communication constraints. We propose FedSCAN, a three-phase framework that identifies critical layers based on parameter sensitivity, classifies active neurons within these layers through relative weight change analysis, and performs unlearning via sparse low-rank adaptation to active neurons while freezing base model parameters. FedSCAN limits computational overhead to a compact parameter subset, enabling devices to participate in a communication-efficient manner. Experimental results on four datasets demonstrate that FedSCAN achieves up to 426.3× …


The Influence Of Controlled Intake And Anabolic Implant Timing On Growth Performance And Carcass Traits In Feedlot Ruminants, Justin J. Delver Jan 2026

The Influence Of Controlled Intake And Anabolic Implant Timing On Growth Performance And Carcass Traits In Feedlot Ruminants, Justin J. Delver

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate how previous plane of nutrition and anabolic implant timing interact to influence growth performance, composition of growth, and the carcass characteristics in ruminants. Three experiments were conducted using cattle and sheep models to determine the metabolic adaptations driving compensatory growth. In experiment 1, yearling beef steers (n = 192) were fed ad libitum for 141 days (ADLIB) or restricted to 92% of ad libitum intake for 56 (RES56) or 86 (RES86) days followed by realimentation. Cumulative dry matter intake (DMI) was reduced in both restricted groups (P = 0.002) with no difference …


Effect Of Female Employment On Household Expenditure In Bangladesh, Fatema Binte Sharif Jan 2026

Effect Of Female Employment On Household Expenditure In Bangladesh, Fatema Binte Sharif

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Female labor force participation (FLFP) in Bangladesh has increased from 29.2% in 2005–06 to 42.8% in 2022, raising important questions about household resource allocation. This study examines the impact of female employment on household expenditure patterns and challenges the traditional unitary model of decision-making. It focuses on how income controlled by women influences spending across essential and non-essential categories. The analysis uses data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. This research employs Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SURE) approach to estimate budget shares for food, housing, health, education, clothing, and transport. The study …


Finding Value In Professional Learning: Developing Teacher Learning That Is Internalized And Implemented In Practice, Stephanie Dossett Jan 2026

Finding Value In Professional Learning: Developing Teacher Learning That Is Internalized And Implemented In Practice, Stephanie Dossett

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

This study was designed after the researcher engaged in multiple mandated professional learning experiences with faculty members who expressed dissatisfaction with their learning experiences, did not desire to engage in learning on the mandated topics, and wanted to engage in different types of learning opportunities. The problem was centered around dissatisfaction with professional learning among teachers and the lack of implementation of their professional learning in the classroom. The goal was to gather feedback that could help leaders design mandated learning for teachers that they would find satisfaction in and implement in their classroom. The study used semistructured qualitative …


Assistant Principals’ Perspectives And Experiences Concerning Their Influence As Instructional Leaders On Student Achievement In Title I Schools, Courtney J. Charles Jan 2026

Assistant Principals’ Perspectives And Experiences Concerning Their Influence As Instructional Leaders On Student Achievement In Title I Schools, Courtney J. Charles

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

This qualitative descriptive study explored the perspectives and experiences of assistant principals in Title I schools in the context of their instructional leadership responsibilities. The study examined the relationship between assistant principals as instructional leaders in Title I schools and student achievement by addressing research questions related to curriculum implementation, data-driven decisions, school culture, instructional support, and professional development. Moreover, this study used purposeful sampling to select 13 assistant principals from Title I schools, and data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Marzano’s focused school leader evaluation model served as the framework for interview questions. …


The Lived Experience Of Special Education Director Retention: A Phenomenological Study Of Motivational And Organizational Influences, Matthew R. Taylor Jan 2026

The Lived Experience Of Special Education Director Retention: A Phenomenological Study Of Motivational And Organizational Influences, Matthew R. Taylor

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The stability of leadership in special education is crucial for ensuring regulatory compliance, programmatic quality, and equitable services for students with disabilities. However, U.S. public schools face persistent challenges in retaining special education directors, resulting in a loss of institutional knowledge, service fragmentation, and increased risk of compliance failure. Drawing on self-determination theory and job embeddedness theory, this phenomenological study explored the intrinsic and extrinsic aspects that influence special education directors’ decisions to remain in their roles. Ten experienced special education directors from diverse public school settings in Texas participated in semistructured interviews and follow-up quantitative questionnaires. The analysis revealed …


The Impact Of Synchronous And Asynchronous Preference On The Performance Of Distance Learning Students, Christopher A. Wilson Jan 2026

The Impact Of Synchronous And Asynchronous Preference On The Performance Of Distance Learning Students, Christopher A. Wilson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Distance learning is a growing part of education. The transition to distance learning was underway at higher education institutions, but the COVID-19 pandemic forced institutions of all types to rapidly transition to distance learning. The technology that was adapted during this emergency distance learning remained in the classroom once normal instruction resumed. This quantitative study examined two aspects of distance learning technology in education. The study examined student preference for either synchronous or asynchronous instruction through the framework of expectancy theory. Students who were more familiar with the course material were hypothesized to have a higher expectation of success and …


Accessing Campus Mental Health Services In A Nigerian Southwestern University: Barriers To Academic Success, Caroline Dada Jan 2026

Accessing Campus Mental Health Services In A Nigerian Southwestern University: Barriers To Academic Success, Caroline Dada

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mental health disorders are a significant health concern among higher education institutions in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. A substantial treatment gap exists in the Nigerian healthcare system, and this gap is further worsened by cultural and religious barriers, which reinforce stigma that discourages students from seeking professional help. This qualitative narrative inquiry explored the barriers students encountered when accessing mental health services at a university in Southwestern Nigeria, to increase service access. Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with seven professional mental health providers at a university counseling center between March and April 2025. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify …


Faculty Perceptions Of Engaging Generation Z Students Through Positive Education In The Classroom, Ashley D. Ragsdale Jan 2026

Faculty Perceptions Of Engaging Generation Z Students Through Positive Education In The Classroom, Ashley D. Ragsdale

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative study examined the engagement gap between Generation Z students and faculty in higher education, emphasizing how positive education approaches can help faculty become more confident and effective instructors. Generation Z students prefer instant internet access and digital learning, have shorter attention spans, and tend to be disengaged when instructors rely on traditional teaching methods. After the COVID-19 pandemic, this engagement gap became more evident. This basic qualitative study used semistructured interviews, reflexive journaling, and nonparticipatory observations. Participants included full-time health science faculty at a private university in central Texas. Each had at least 2 years of teaching experience …


Effectiveness Of Picture Exchange Communication System On Functional Communication For Saudi Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd), Mohammed Albahrani Dec 2025

Effectiveness Of Picture Exchange Communication System On Functional Communication For Saudi Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd), Mohammed Albahrani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by restricted interests, repetitive or inflexible behaviors, and challenges with communication and socialization (Flannery & Wisner-Carlson, 2020). Children with expressive communication disorders, including those with ASD, can benefit from using Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) as a tool to improve their communication skills (Chazin et al., 2016). The AAC approach helps them learn and communicate more effectively by addressing various needs, such as making requests, commenting, or responding to questions (Mirenda, 2001). Many families, special education classrooms, and inclusive settings have adopted the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), an evidence-based …


Family Functioning And Adolescent Outcomes In Wilderness Therapy: A Quanitative Analysis Of Change And Predictive Relationships, Elizabeth Santone Dec 2025

Family Functioning And Adolescent Outcomes In Wilderness Therapy: A Quanitative Analysis Of Change And Predictive Relationships, Elizabeth Santone

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study explored the impact of wilderness therapy on adolescent and family functioning using archival data from a licensed outdoor behavioral healthcare program. The purpose of this research was to examine both individual and systemic changes over the course of treatment and to explore whether improvements in family functioning were associated with youth outcomes. The final sample included 1,293 adolescents who completed the Youth Outcome Questionnaire (Y-OQ 2.01) at intake and discharge. A subset of 454 adolescents and their caregivers also completed the Family Assessment Device (FAD) at both time points. Paired-sample t-tests revealed statistically significant improvements in both adolescent …


Examining The Effects Of Video Modeling To Enhance Culturally Specific Social Greeting Skills In Preschoolers With Asd In Saudi Arabia, Sarah Alzahrani Dec 2025

Examining The Effects Of Video Modeling To Enhance Culturally Specific Social Greeting Skills In Preschoolers With Asd In Saudi Arabia, Sarah Alzahrani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A lack of social communication skills, including initiation and responding, has been a prominent characteristic of children diagnosed with ASD (Kanner, 1943; Kroeger et al., 2007). Enhancing these skills in children with ASD during early childhood is crucial to their future relationships, friendships, participation in communal activities, and overall lowering the likelihood of adverse long-term effects, giving significance to this age as a pivotal period for enhancing various skills (Hart Barnett, 2018). Failure to provide interventions to address social communication in children with ASD, specifically in cultures that value this skill, can impede their integration into that society. Thus, this …


The Marathon: A Qualitative Exploration Of The Lived Experiences Of Black Male Educators, Lloyd M. Cheatom Sr Dec 2025

The Marathon: A Qualitative Exploration Of The Lived Experiences Of Black Male Educators, Lloyd M. Cheatom Sr

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Utilizing a culturally relevant framework and methodology, this qualitative dissertation proposal aims to explore and investigate the unique life experiences and exposures that influence Black men to not only become educators but to sustain their careers in the educational field. The purpose of this study is to identify ways in which 1Nation Mentoring can organically implement strategic opportunities that replicate experiences capable of inspiring interest among young Black males to pursue meaningful roles within education and foster a pipeline of future Black male educators.

Additionally, this research will examine the intersection between education and trauma-based experiences, as well as the …


Mind The Gap: Intergenerational Perspectives On Mental Illness Within Ghanaian American Communities, Ama Danso-Ayesu Dec 2025

Mind The Gap: Intergenerational Perspectives On Mental Illness Within Ghanaian American Communities, Ama Danso-Ayesu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research explores attitudes toward mental illness among Ghanaian immigrants and

first-generation Ghanaian Americans, with particular focus on factors that influence

stigma. Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model, the study utilized the

Community Attitudes Toward Mental Illness (CAMI) Scale to measure four dimensions

of stigma, including authoritarianism, benevolence, social restrictiveness, and community

mental health ideology. A comparative, cross-sectional design was employed to examine

differences between immigrant and American-born participants. The findings revealed

generational differences where Ghanaian immigrants reported higher levels of

authoritarian and socially restrictive beliefs, while first-generation Ghanaian Americans

demonstrated more benevolent and inclusive attitudes. Interpreted through the ecological

systems …