Digital Commons Network^™

Machine-Learning-Based Hybrid Method For The Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm, Jia Jing Sun, Sheng Sun, Yongpin P. Chen, Lijun Jiang, Jun Hu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this letter, a hybrid translation computation method for the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is proposed based on machine learning. The hybrid method combines both generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and artificial neural network (ANN) to replace the traditional translation procedure during the solving process of the MLFMA. Based on the data corresponding to every one of the interaction list boxes at each level, the hybrid neural network is trained. Comparing with the previous machine learning method in this field, the proposed model is more general, and with lower complexity since it inherits the accuracy of the GRNN as …

Optimal Matching Reactance Design And Validation In Wireless Power Transfer System For Electric Vehicle Based On Sae J2954-Rp, Anfeng Huang, Dongwook Kim, Qiusen He, Hanyu Zhang, Yuyu Zhu, Hongseok Kim, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is foreseen as a suitable technology to provide charging without cables to electric vehicles. The charging requires a specific charging profile for different type of battery. In addition, the loading condition of the charging circuit could change drastically as following the charging profile. Due to the dependencies on loading condition, the transmission efficiency of a WPT system could degrade during the charging process. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of efficiency to loading condition could be reduced with proper design of compensation network, e.g., LCC. In this paper, a SPICE-simulation based optimization flow is demonstrated for matching reactance optimization …

A Deep Neural Network-Based Estimation Of Efficiency Enhancement By An Intermediate Coil In Automotive Wireless Power Transfer System, Boogyo Sim, Daehwan Lho, Dongryul Park, Seungtaek Jeong, Seongsoo Lee, Hongseok Kim, Hyunwook Park, Hyungmin Kang, Seokwoo Hong, Joungho Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we proposed a deep neural network (DNN)-based estimation of efficiency enhancement by an intermediate (Int) coil in automotive wireless power transfer (WPT) system. The Int coil can enhance the efficiency in the WPT system with the proper resonant frequency of the Int coil. The previous study has explained the resonant frequency of the Int coil should be higher than the operating frequency. According to the resonant frequency of the Int coil, we can achieve the amount of efficiency enhancement. Therefore, the design of the Int coil is essential for optimize the efficiency enhancement of the automotive WPT …

Cochlear Implant Wireless Power Transfer System Design For High Efficiency And Link Gain Stability Using A Proposed Stagger Tuning Method, Seokwoo Hong, Seungtaek Jeong, Seongsoo Lee, Boogyo Sim, Hongseok Kim, Hoseung Lee, Woojin Ahn, Jonghyeok Park, Seunghoom Lee, Joungho Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In recent years, wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is becoming an increasingly important part of the various applications because of its safety. Especially, medical implant devices such as a cochlear implant are one of the typical applications of the WPT technology. Because of the individual body differences, however, the coupling coefficient of the WPT system can be changed. Therefore, the coupling coefficient-insensitivity is very important design issue. In this paper, we propose a stagger tuning method of a cochlear implant WPT system. The proposed method makes the cochlear implant WPT system stable at the link gain regardless of the coupling …

Interleaved Multistage Step-Up Topologies With Voltage Multiplier Cells, Ahmad Alzahrani, Pourya Shamsi, Mehdi Ferdowsi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper proposes a family of high-voltage-gain step-up dc-dc converters for photovoltaic integration application. The proposed converters are capable of converting the low voltage from input sources to a dc bus. The proposed family is constructed of interleaved single-switch multistage boost converters and voltage multiplier cells (VMC). The proposed converters feature low voltage stress across the components, equal current sharing among all phases, and a smooth input current. Moreover, the proposed family of converters has a modular structure in both the VMC and the boost stage. That is, the VMC can have N number of cells, and the boost stage …

A Family Of High Voltage Gain Three-Level Step-Up Converters For Photovoltaic Module Integration Applications, Ahmad Alzahrani, Pourya Shamsi, Mehdi Ferdowsi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper proposes a family of step-up three-level DC-DC converter topologies suitable for photovoltaic panel integration applications. The proposed family is suitable to convert the 10-30 V from photovoltaic panels to a 150 V direct current distribution bus. The proposed family enhances the three-level topology in terms of the voltage gain, power density, and filtering requirements at the input level. The filtration is reduced by interleaving. The three-level boost converter's voltage gain is enhanced by utilizing several options such as switched capacitor cells, switched inductor cells, and flyback transformers or coupled inductors. The enhancement techniques are illustrated by providing the …

A 60 Ghz Pcb Wideband Antenna-In-Package For 5g/6g Applications, Lidong Chi, Zibin Weng, Yihong Qi, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A low-cost, wideband printed circuit boards (PCBs) manufactured antenna is proposed in this letter for 5G/6G antenna-in-package (AiP) applications with wideband common-mode current (surface-wave) choking characteristics. The antenna is based on a grounded, wideband, high-efficiency electromagnetic structure (WHEMS) and a backing cavity, in which a radiating choke is introduced. By changing the choking condition of a quarter-wavelength, widely applied in traditional low-frequency baluns, wideband common-mode current suppression is achieved. The enclosing wall of the backing cavity is realized by a combination of isolated grounded vias and connected grounded vias based on current polarization on the wall. Finally, a 22% impedance …

Coexistence Of Pseudospin- And Valley-Hall-Like Edge States In A Photonic Crystal With C3v Symmetry, Menglin L.N. Chen, Li Jun Jiang, Zhihao Lan, Wei E.I. Sha

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We demonstrate the coexistence of pseudospin- and valley-Hall-like edge states in a photonic crystal with C3v symmetry, which is composed of three interlacing triangular sublattices with the same lattice constants. By tuning the geometry of the sublattices, three complete photonic band gaps with nontrivial topology can be created, one of which is due to the band inversion associated with the pseudospin degree of freedom at the Γ point and the other two due to the gapping out of Dirac cones associated with the valley degree of freedom at the K,K′ points. The system can support triband pseudospin- and valley-momentum locking …

Thermo-Coupled Temperature Sensors By Seven-Core Mcf Structures, Farhan Mumtaz, Yutang Dai, Wenbin Hu, Muhammad Aqueel Ashraf, Shu Cheng, Pu Cheng

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we present an enhanced sensitivity of temperature sensors based on thermo-coupled Multicore Fiber (MCF) structures. The sensors are all fabricated using a controlled arc power of a splicing device. Two different principles of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and Michelson interferometer (MI) have been observed experimentally. The MZI and MI structures exhibit temperature sensitivity as 136.67 pm/°C and 70.61 pm/°C, respectively, and found insensitive to the refractive index (RI). Also, its RI response can readily resolve the issues of cross-sensitivity.

Gate Diffusion Input Multi-Threshold Null Convention Logic Circuit Design Approach, Prashanthi Metku, Minsu Choi, Kyung Ki Kim, Yong Bin Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Multi-Threshold null convention logic (MTNCL) is a novel low power paradigm for designing asynchronous null convention logic (NCL) circuits. To further reduce the dynamic power consumption, a new methodology that utilizes gate diffusion input technique is proposed. The proposed approach is used to realize MTNCL gates and a decrease in the transistor count is observed that tend to reduce the dynamic power consumption. Compared to SMTNCL approach, the proposed methodology shows a 5.6% is reduction in the power consumption for the MTNCL gates.

An Ultra-Low-Power Tunable Bump Circuit Using Source-Degenerated Differential Transconductor, Yixuan He, Minsu Choi, Kyung Ki Kim, Yong Bin Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we proposed a nano-power tunable bump circuit. It incorporates a novel source-degenerated trans conductor using pseudo-resistor as source resistor to control the width of the bump. The presented circuit is simulated in Cadence using 180nm CMOS process under 1.8V power supply. The results show that the transconductance is tuned with pseudo-resistor and the bump circuit can operate with wide voltage range from 0.3V to 1.8V. Also, this circuit is compact and only dissipates 16.7nW power which makes it perfect for large-scale machine learning applications such as classifier and support vector machine.

Second-Harmonic Generation Of Structured Light By Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Metasurfaces, Ling Ling Meng, Xiaoyan Y.Z. Xiong, Tian Xia, Qin S. Liu, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang, Wei E.I. Sha, Weng Cho Chew

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Structured light characterized by spatially inhomogeneous optical fields found rich applications in optical communication, sensing, microscopy, manipulation, and quantum information. While generation of structured light has been extensively studied in linear optics, the nonlinear optical process, particularly in two-dimensional (2D) materials, is an emerging alternative for generating structured light at shorter wavelengths. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate that radially and azimuthally polarized beams and vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum could be generated at second-harmonic frequencies by using 2D material-based metasurfaces comprising the same transition-metal dichalcogenide meta-atoms. Manipulation of translations and orientations of anisotropically nonlinear meta-atoms exhibiting a threefold …

Synchronverter-Based Control Of Multi-Port Autonomous Reconfigurable Solar Plants (Mars), Phani R.V. Marthi, Suman Debnath, Mariesa L. Crow

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Control of integrated photovoltaic (PV) plants with energy storage systems (ESSs) has become an important research and development topic in recent times. In this context, a Multi-port Autonomous Reconfigurable Solar (MARS) plant that integrates PV and ESS to alternating current transmission grid and high-voltage direct current (HVdc) link is studied in this paper. With penetration of power electronic based resources in the grid, the grid's capability to recover from frequency or voltage disturbances are reduced. Therefore, one of the vital objectives of any new grid integrated power electronic resource is to provide advanced control functions like voltage and frequency support …

Determine Socket's Inductance And Contact Resistance By Using Prf Method, Tao Wang, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, an accurate socket modeling methodology is proposed for signal integrity and power integrity applications using a quasi-static EM solver and considering the contact resistance of the socket which is a non-negligible component in socket modeling. The contact resistance characterization of a specific pogo-pin socket has been conducted by measuring the socket mounted on a specially designed test vehicle. A Parallel Resonance Frequency (PRF) method [1] is used to validate the EM model and to extract the contact resistance accurately.

Systematic Power Integrity Analysis Based On Inductance Decomposition In A Multi-Layered Pcb Pdn, Biyao Zhao, Siqi Bai, Samuel Connor, Stephen Scearce, Matteo Cocchini, Brice Achkir, Albert E. Ruehli, Bruce Archambeault, Jun Fan, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An approach is presented for power integrity analysis on multi-layer printed circuit boards in this paper. Two critical current paths are analyzed. Inductance decomposition is applied to identify the critical parameters that can influence the PDN input impedance. Two types of stack-ups are used to perform sensitivity analysis to illustrate the effectiveness of PDN design guidelines. Based on the analysis of the inductance contribution from different blocks in the PCB PDN, a systematic approach to obtain a complete understanding of PDN behavior is proposed. The approach can be used to provide design guidance in PDN design practice.

A Novel Dual-Band Decoupling Technique, Min Li, Jamal Muhammad Yasir, Kwan Lawrence Yeung, Lijun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article presents a novel dual-band decoupling network (DN) to increase the isolation between two antennas. It is composed of two dual-band Wilkinson power dividers, four additional transmission lines (TLs), and two reactive components. The decoupling formulas are derived from systematic design procedures. Hence, the design parameters of the power divider, lengths of TLs, and reactance of reactive components can be precisely determined to realize high port isolation. Two benchmarks of the two-element symmetric and asymmetric monopole arrays are used to elaborate the design procedure and demonstrate the advantages of proposed DN. Results show that the proposed DN can offer …

A Novel Subdomain 2d/Q-2d Finite Element Method For Power/Ground Plate-Pair Analysis, Ping Li, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang, Min Tang, Yao Jiang Zhang, Shuai Xu, Hakan Bagc

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Upon excitation by a surface magnetic current, a power/ground plate-pair supports only TMz modes. This means that the magnetic field has only azimuthal components permitting a simple but effective domain decomposition method (DDM) to be used. In the proximity of an antipad, field interactions are rigorously modeled by a quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) finite element method (FEM) making use of three-dimensional (3D) triangular prism mesh elements. Since high-order TMz modes are confined in the close proximity of the antipad, field interactions in the region away from the antipad only involve the fundamental mode and are rigorously modeled by a 2D FEM. This …

Immunity Enhancement Of The Power Distribution Network In Integrated Circuits With Coplanar Meander Lines In Package, Bo Pu, Jun Fan, Wansoo Nah

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Integrated circuits suffer from interference in frequency multibands in real scenarios, and this susceptibility allows them to easily malfunction. In this article, a novel miniature coplanar filter in package to enhance the immunity of integrated circuits is proposed. The coplanar structure of the filter can avoid cost issues of the multilayers and can also be implemented in the substrate or interposer of the package, and also in a flexible/foldable board, with normal board, fabrication process. Analysis of the filtering characteristics and design method of a miniature filter with the required stop bands are demonstrated in detail. The designed band-stop filter …

Ebg Common-Mode 20-Ghz Microstrip And Stripline Filters: Sensitivity To Design Parameters, Marina Y. Koledintseva, Sergiu Radu, Joseph Nuebel

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this article, design and characteristics of 20-GHz electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) common-mode (CM) filters for microstrip (MS) and strip line (SL) differential pairs are considered. CM filter notch (resonance) frequency, depth, and width at the-15 dB level are calculated from the mixed-mode S-parameters. The agreement between the measured and modeled S-parameters of the baseline structures validates the models and allows for further numerical experiments. The systematic analysis of the trends for both MS and SL filter characteristics as functions of various geometrical and material design parameters is presented. Sensitivity to various technological features (conductor surface roughness, trapezoid shape of the …

An Explainable And Statistically Validated Ensemble Clustering Model Applied To The Identification Of Traumatic Brain Injury Subgroups, Dacosta Yeboah, Louis Steinmeister, Daniel B. Hier, Bassam Hadi, Donald C. Wunsch, Gayla R. Olbricht, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present a framework for an explainable and statistically validated ensemble clustering model applied to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The objective of our analysis is to identify patient injury severity subgroups and key phenotypes that delineate these subgroups using varied clinical and computed tomography data. Explainable and statistically-validated models are essential because a data-driven identification of subgroups is an inherently multidisciplinary undertaking. In our case, this procedure yielded six distinct patient subgroups with respect to mechanism of injury, severity of presentation, anatomy, psychometric, and functional outcome. This framework for ensemble cluster analysis fully integrates statistical methods at several stages of …

An Algorithm For Adaptive Determination Of Radar Coherent Integration Time, Jakob Delong, Joel T. Johnson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A method for adaptively determining a desirable coherent integration time for radar observations of a moving clutter target is examined. A signal model appropriate for such measurements is first defined, along with an approach for estimating the coherence time from measured data. This coherence time estimate is then used as the coherent integration time in a reprocessing of the measured data. Simulations are shown that illustrate the potential advantages of this approach in reducing the variance of the clutter power estimate, particularly at low clutter to noise ratios, as compared to a purely incoherent integration. However, the initial correlation time …

Numerical Solution Of Strongly Guided Modes Propagating In Sapphire Crystal Fibers (Α-Al2o3) For Uv, Vis/Ir Wave-Guiding, Farhan Mumtaz, Muhammad Aqueel Ashraf, Yutang Dai, Wenbin Hu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A numerical solution, using the general formulation of the transcendental equation and eigenmode values, is proposed to demonstrate number of strongly guided modes propagating in sapphire crystal fibers (SCF). The SCF is considered to have hexagonal geometry of a single crystal and multimode step-index profile. Several distinguished characteristics are naturally embedded in SCF compared to other ordinary optical fibers. The eigenmodes of the SCF are numerically determined and are a combination of transverse electric, transverse magnetic, and hybrid modes. The numerical solution for wave-guiding in ultra-violet (UV), visible infrared (VIS/IR) spectrum, is investigated by the number of modal propagations under …

Evaluation Of Standard And Semantically-Augmented Distance Metrics For Neurology Patients, Daniel B. Hier, Jonathan Kopel, Steven U. Brint, Donald C. Wunsch, Gayla R. Olbricht, Sima Azizi, Blaine Allen

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Background: Patient distances can be calculated based on signs and symptoms derived from an ontological hierarchy. There is controversy as to whether patient distance metrics that consider the semantic similarity between concepts can outperform standard patient distance metrics that are agnostic to concept similarity. The choice of distance metric can dominate the performance of classification or clustering algorithms. Our objective was to determine if semantically augmented distance metrics would outperform standard metrics on machine learning tasks.

Methods: We converted the neurological findings from 382 published neurology cases into sets of concepts with corresponding machine-readable codes. We calculated patient distances by …

A U-Shaped Complementary Open Loop Defective Ground Structure With Slow Wave Structure For Mode Conversion And Common Mode Noise Suppression, Liang Zhang, Qiang Ming Cai, Xiao Bo Yu, Lin Zhu, Chao Zhang, Yinglei Ren, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

With the increase of signal rate, differential interconnection becomes more and more widely used. However, when the differential pair is asymmetric in layout, e.g., bending lines, common mode noise will be produced in the circuit, which may further cause EMI problems. In this paper, an efficient method, i.e., combing a U-shaped complementary open loop defective ground structure (DGS) with adding slow wave structure at the inner bending line, is proposed to suppress the differential-to-common mode conversion and common-mode noise of right-angle bend discontinuity for differential signaling. The simulation results show that the mode conversion can be reduced to less than-50dB …

Fext Reduction Using Mushroom Structures Thickened Soldermask For Ddr5 Pcbs, Xiao Bo Yu, Qiang Ming Cai, Liang Zhang, Chao Zhang, Lin Zhu, Yinglei Ren, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Far-end crosstalk (FEXT) between adjacent signal lines is one of the most critical factors affecting signal integrity (SI) in double data rate 5 (DDR5) printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this paper, a new method for FEXT reduction, based on mushroom structures thickened solder mask (MSTS) for coupled signal lines, is proposed and investigated. From the simulated S-parameters results, FEXT of this proposed method can be suppressed among a very wide frequency range. Additionally, the FEXT is decreased more than 25dB around the main frequency of DDR5, compared with the traditional signal routing. Finally, both frequency and time domains results show …

Automated Detection And Characterization Of Esd-Induced Soft Failures Using Image-And Audio-Based Methods, Omid Hoseini Izadi, Javad Meiguni, Kenji Araki, Hideki Shumiya, David J. Pommerenke

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Audio-and image-based soft failure detection methods are developed, which can detect both severe failures (such as system hang) and subtle ones (such as glitch or a momentary disturbance on display). Incorporating the developed detection methods with a robotic ESD (electrostatic discharge) tester, we developed a fully automated soft failure investigation tool. Using this fully automated tool, we obtained failure-specific susceptibility maps for a camera (our target device). These susceptibility maps not only illustrated the sensitive locations of the device, but they also showed what type of soft failure is correlated with which locations.

Evaluating The Crosstalk Current And The Total Radiated Power Of A Bent Cable Harness Using The Generalized Mtl Method, Yansheng Wang, Ying S. Cao, Dazhao Liu, Richard W. Kautz, Nevin Altunyurt, Jun Fan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a general formulation of the generalized multiconductor transmission line (GMTL) method to model a parallel cable harness including straight and bent wires. The parallel cable harness here indicates the uniform cross-sectional wire distribution. The GMTL equations are solved recursively based on the perturbation theory. This GMTL method facilitates an accurate evaluation of the current distributed on a cable harness. On top of that, the current obtained in a radiation problem is decomposed into two traveling currents, i.e., the positive-going and the negative-going currents, based on the least-squares method. With the decomposed currents, the steepest descent method is …

Calibration Loop Antenna For Multiple Probe Antenna Measurement System, Yuming Zheng, Zibin Weng, Yihong Qi, Jun Fan, Fuhai Li, Zhiping Yang, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In order to achieve high accuracy in measurements of the multiple probe antenna measurement system (MPAMS), an omnidirectional calibration antenna with a small gain variation in the horizontal polarization (named calibration loop antenna, in convention) is required. This article presents such an antenna design. The proposed calibration loop antenna consists of four arc-folded dipoles with dimensions of 52 mm x52 mm x 1 mm, balun structures for suppressing common mode current, and four parasitic strips for impedance matching on each of the top and bottom planes. The experimental results show that the proposed calibration loop antenna has a small gain …

Total Isotropic Sensitivity Measurement In Switched Beam Antenna Systems, Jun Li, Yihong Qi, Wei Yu, Fuhai Li, Jun Fan, Zhiping Yang, Songping Wu, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Smart antenna systems (SAS) play an important role in wireless communication systems, especially in rapidly developing fifth generation (5G) systems. In normal device under test (DUT) applications with SAS, the antenna's state may change in different external environments in order to obtain higher antenna gains and better connection with the base station, resulting in high uncertainties for over-the-air (OTA) tests using conventional methods. Before evaluating the transceiver performance, additional application programs are necessary to control the DUT, which increases the inconvenience for engineers and makes it impossible to reflect the real usage scenario. This article proposes a new convenient method …

Physics-Based Circuit Modeling Methodology For System Power Integrity Analysis And Design, Biyao Zhao, Siqi Bai, Samuel Connor, Wiren Dale Becker, Matteo Cocchini, Jonghyun Cho, Albert E. Ruehli, Bruce Archambeault, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A physics-based circuit modeling methodology for system-level power integrity (PI) analysis and design is presented herein. The modeling methodology is based on representing the current paths in the power distribution network (PDN) with appropriate circuits based on cavity model and plane-pair partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC). The PDN input impedance looking from on-chip sources can be computed. A commercial simulation tool is used to corroborate the modeling approach where the system consists of a commercial integrated circuit, a complex organic package and a very high-layer-count printed circuit board. Two types of circuit models are proposed from the methodology with physical …