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Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

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Secondary Teacher Experiences Of Classically Taught Students’ Social-Emotional Development: A Hermeneutic Phenomenology, Kirby Elizabeth Donaldson Nov 2025

Secondary Teacher Experiences Of Classically Taught Students’ Social-Emotional Development: A Hermeneutic Phenomenology, Kirby Elizabeth Donaldson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to interpret the experiences of 7th-12th grade educators at George Washington Academy who teach solely through classic literature and primary accounts of historical and social significance, focusing on their perceptions of their students’ social and emotional development. The theory that guided this study was Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, which provided a framework for appropriate social-emotional development across all ages. The central research question was, “What are the experiences of secondary (7th-12th grade) educators who utilize classic literature and primary accounts of historical and social significance regarding their students’ psychosocial development?” The phenomenological …


Human Resources Impact On Person-Environment Fit And Job Performance: A Single Case Study Design, Constance J. Mitchell Nov 2025

Human Resources Impact On Person-Environment Fit And Job Performance: A Single Case Study Design, Constance J. Mitchell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Person-environment (PE) fit is central to the interactional psychology (IP) theory, which is the behavioral consequences of the interface between individuals and their environment. According to both PE fit and IP theories, employee motivation, job satisfaction, and job performance are enhanced when individuals are compatible with various aspects of the workplace. In this single-subject, bounded case study, the researcher explored HR’s influence on job performance and person-organization, person-job, and person-supervisor fit. The sole participant is a subject matter expert with over 35 years of experience in HR-related fields. The study procedures consisted of four interview sessions, an observational/field study, and …


Biblical Illiteracy: A Priority For The Local Church, Kassandra Dorcelle Bullock Nov 2025

Biblical Illiteracy: A Priority For The Local Church, Kassandra Dorcelle Bullock

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Biblical illiteracy is one of the top issues facing the church today. Research shows that many Christians either do not read the Bible or do read it, but with little frequency. It also shows that those who do read the Bible often lack a fundamental understanding of what they are reading. To date, there is research, but not specifically related to whether churches are addressing this issue. In most churches, pastors are considered the lead person to train and prepare disciples for Christ; thereby, preparing and nurturing congregants' understanding is critical to this mandate. As such, this descriptive study examined …


A Phenomenological And Transcendental Study Of The Lived Experiences Of Mental Health Practitioners Acquiring The Competencies To Become A Sandtray Therapy Practitioner, Deborah Kay Webb-Johnson Nov 2025

A Phenomenological And Transcendental Study Of The Lived Experiences Of Mental Health Practitioners Acquiring The Competencies To Become A Sandtray Therapy Practitioner, Deborah Kay Webb-Johnson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenological, transcendental study was to describe the lived experiences of 16 mental health practitioners in North America who acquired competencies through various training programs or certification courses to proficiently integrate sandtray therapy as a cross-theoretical approach. Through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, participants described how they developed the competencies and standards to integrate sandtray therapy as a cross-theoretical approach with diverse populations, while also engaging in dialogue about the need for greater governance and regulation of training programs. The theoretical framework for this study was based on Husserl’s theory of transcendental phenomenology and the …


African American Women Employed In The Education Sector Who Have Biological Children With Mental Health Or Behavioral Problems: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study, Cynthia Henderson Porter Nov 2025

African American Women Employed In The Education Sector Who Have Biological Children With Mental Health Or Behavioral Problems: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study, Cynthia Henderson Porter

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This phenomenological study is purposed to identify and describe the lived experiences of African American mothers employed in a pre-K-12 public school district in Virginia who have biological children with mental health or behavioral problems. The study was qualitative, as this method allowed challenges to be explored personally and humanistically. The theory guiding this study is social constructivism, as it relates to African American mothers’ views of their experiences in the work setting; the assumed perception of colleagues, administrators, and others; and challenges at work pertaining to limitations in functioning, performance, and interpersonal stressors that mothers may encounter. The central …


A Case Study Exploring Lecanemab Antibody Infusion And Reminiscence Therapy For Early Alzheimer’S Disease, Martina Masry Nov 2025

A Case Study Exploring Lecanemab Antibody Infusion And Reminiscence Therapy For Early Alzheimer’S Disease, Martina Masry

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This case study examined whether a 12-month combined therapy (RT-L), which includes reminiscence therapy and lecanemab monoclonal antibody infusion therapy, will clear beta amyloid accumulation in the brain, slow cognitive decline, decrease depression, reduce anxiety, and increase the quality of life in a participant with mild cognitive impairment due to early Alzheimer’s dementia. The sample included one White female (age = 68) with mild cognitive impairment due to early Alzheimer’s disease who is currently being treated by a geriatrician at a facility in the Midwest. The outpatient treatment included a lecanemab antibody infusion of 10mg/kg every two weeks for 12 …


Nurse-To-Nurse Change-Of-Shift Handoff Communication: The Experience Among Senior Nursing Students In A Hospital Setting—A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Karen Bryson Oct 2025

Nurse-To-Nurse Change-Of-Shift Handoff Communication: The Experience Among Senior Nursing Students In A Hospital Setting—A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Karen Bryson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences of senior nursing students with nurse-to-nurse change-of-shift handoff communication during their clinical practicum at a major healthcare system in the United States. The guiding research question was: What are the lived experiences of senior nursing students when communicating shift-to-shift handoff reports to incoming nurses during senior clinical practicum in an acute care hospital setting? Bandura's social cognitive theory and Kolb's experiential learning theory are the two theories that support the conceptual framework of this study. Ten nursing students were purposefully recruited from local two-year and four-year nursing …


The Impact Of X On Economic Policy Communication, Ray Harris Jr. Oct 2025

The Impact Of X On Economic Policy Communication, Ray Harris Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study investigates how U.S. presidential candidates use the platform X (formerly Twitter) to frame and communicate their economic policy during the election campaign period. The research uses a quantitative content analysis method to select candidates' posts and systematically examine the frequency and patterns of economic themes posted by the candidates, drawing from the agenda-setting and framing theories. Moreover, this study aims to measure audience engagement (likes, reposts, comments) to see which message strategy resonates best. The literature review underlines how this media tool can direct political communication and influence public opinion on significant issues. Existing research lacks a systematic …


Psychologist-Federal Agent Approaches To Supporting Veterans And Police With Mental Health Challenges, Ismith Bocaille Oct 2025

Psychologist-Federal Agent Approaches To Supporting Veterans And Police With Mental Health Challenges, Ismith Bocaille

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study explored how federal agents and psychologists collaborate to assist veterans and police officers receive offer mental health care. The study paid attention to the potential interplay of artificial intelligence and faith-informed models. Following IPA-based qualitative interviews with federal agents and psychologists and an extensive literature review, the study pointed out some barriers to seeking mental health services, including stigma, rigidity inside organizations, and less peer support. Intervention models that involve patients intensely have emerged as more effective ideas, which are used sparingly. The results indicate that peer support should be incorporated into departmental policies, and closer contact and …


Developing A Ministry Model That Reengages The Members Of Mount Zion Into Fulfilling God’S Purpose, Desmond Wayde Wallace Oct 2025

Developing A Ministry Model That Reengages The Members Of Mount Zion Into Fulfilling God’S Purpose, Desmond Wayde Wallace

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Making a meaningful difference within a ministry that requires intervention demands not only strategic planning and teamwork but also leadership that is unwavering in its commitment to fulfilling God’s purpose through service. The church under review has faced significant shifts within its community beginning in the late 1990s and extending into the early 2000s. Unfortunately, these changes did not lead to the anticipated growth and development; instead, they triggered a noticeable decline within both the ministry and the surrounding area. This decline has had a cascading effect, negatively impacting the community and further eroding the church’s vitality, resulting in decreased …


Employee Turnover Intentions In Nigeria's Oil And Gas Service Industry: The Role Of Retention Strategies, Abumenre Omonkhegbe Odigie Oct 2025

Employee Turnover Intentions In Nigeria's Oil And Gas Service Industry: The Role Of Retention Strategies, Abumenre Omonkhegbe Odigie

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This qualitative multiple case study explored employee turnover intentions in the Nigerian oil and gas service industry. The study focused on exploring and understanding the reasons behind employee turnover intentions in the Nigerian oil and gas service industry, which leads to high turnover rates. It examined the retention strategies adopted by organizational leaders to curb this trend and the related impact on organizational outcomes. Current business practices are centered on achieving organizational stability, which has been plagued by high employee turnover rates, raising concerns for organizational leadership that has invested heavily in its organization. A flexible design, multiple case study …


Job Burnout And Executive Leader Turnover, David Zayas Oct 2025

Job Burnout And Executive Leader Turnover, David Zayas

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Executive leadership roles are characterized by increasing organizational demands that necessitate substantial cognitive and physical effort, thereby elevating the risk of emotional exhaustion, diminished work engagement, decreased job satisfaction, and increased turnover intention. This study investigates the impact of organizational and occupational stressors on executive clergy leader burnout and turnover intentions. A qualitative single case study was undertaken to delve into the challenges faced by executive clergy leaders (senior, executive, or associate pastors) in the religious sector, where demanding workloads are exacerbating role ambiguity, creating work-life balance conflicts, fostering unhealthy work practices, and influencing job burnout. Three organizational theories (e.g., …


Bacterial Identification, Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (Ast), And Epstein-Barr Virus (Ebv) Testing To Increase Organ Transplantation Within A Western Regional Community, Vedarrius D. Williams Oct 2025

Bacterial Identification, Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (Ast), And Epstein-Barr Virus (Ebv) Testing To Increase Organ Transplantation Within A Western Regional Community, Vedarrius D. Williams

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Clinical transplantation demands have increased immensely in recent years and, along with increasing supply shortages, many barriers to successful organ donation arise from a lack of dedicated testing to rule out microbial or bloodborne infections. There are currently minimal, federal regulatory requirements for transplantation specimen testing. The purpose of this study is to explore how to increase the viability and success of transplantations in the Western regions of the United States using kidney, pancreas, and kidney/pancreas transplant data from University Medical Center Southern Nevada (UMCSN) transplant center. UMCSN transplant center and Donor Services Laboratory (DSL) in Las Vegas perform bacterial …


Identity, Purpose, And Value: Amplifying The Position Of The Millennial At The Beulahland Bible Church, Sam Reid Oct 2025

Identity, Purpose, And Value: Amplifying The Position Of The Millennial At The Beulahland Bible Church, Sam Reid

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Beulahland Bible Church (BBC) experienced growth in 2024. However, a closer look into the development of the BBC revealed a vital concern: the Millennial growth accounted for only 5 percent of the church's overall growth. The researcher of the current DMIN project identified this as a problem. This DMIN undertaking has developed a comprehensive design that addresses the concern and restores the Millennial to its position at the Beulahland Bible Church. This creation is rooted in the instructions given by Jesus Christ to make disciples; this intervention will move beyond the physical construction of the church and carry out this …


Agency Cost And Smart City Initiatives In Virginia: A Case Study, Jordan M. Peters Oct 2025

Agency Cost And Smart City Initiatives In Virginia: A Case Study, Jordan M. Peters

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this case study will be to solve the problem of agency costs in three of Virginia’s largest Smart Cities and to formulate a solution for public administrators to implement during smart city development. This case study contributes to existing public administration knowledge by expanding upon post-progressive public administration theory by acknowledging the preferences of public administrators and the role those preferences play in the adoption of SCI priorities. While scholarly literature increasingly insists that the preferences of citizens drive SCI, this clashes with the post-progressive public administration theory proposed by Miller (1994) which acknowledges the influence of …


Advanced Artificial Intelligence Software In Mental Health Field Integrating Into Practice, Nazanin Azimi Hagjoo Oct 2025

Advanced Artificial Intelligence Software In Mental Health Field Integrating Into Practice, Nazanin Azimi Hagjoo

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The integration of artificial intelligence software in health care has delivered revolutionary changes by enhancing efficiency, increasing accuracy, saving time, and improving clinician life balance. In very recent years, the mental health field also has started to be transformed by AI software; the adoption of AI technologies has helped to meet the demand for mental health services. AI tools have great potential to improve the efficiency and efficacy of clinicians, as they can provide diagnostic tools, smart treatment plans, improved medication refill processes, and monitoring of patient outcomes and well-being, as well as prevent medication errors. Such exciting innovations help …


Additive Mindfulness: A Systematic Review And Thematic Analysis, Whitney M. Crawford Oct 2025

Additive Mindfulness: A Systematic Review And Thematic Analysis, Whitney M. Crawford

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Mindfulness is a state of present moment-focused non-judgmental awareness, the purposeful practice of which has been shown to promote psychological well-being by alleviating past-oriented rumination, future-focused worry, and experiential avoidance. Because the most widely adopted mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) were developed based on Buddhist meditation practices, there have also been developed various religiously modified iterations of mindfulness–especially those tailored to Christian clients who are wary of engaging with Buddhist-derived practices. While secular and Buddhist MBIs promote non-judgmental awareness for the sake of mere nonattachment to external and internal experiences, Christian mindfulness promotes detachment from these things in order that one may …


A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Lived Experiences Of Educators In Nursing Programs Experiencing Changes In Academic Nurse Administrators From High Attrition, Anny Dionne Oct 2025

A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Lived Experiences Of Educators In Nursing Programs Experiencing Changes In Academic Nurse Administrators From High Attrition, Anny Dionne

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutical study was to describe and interpret the lived experiences of educators in nursing programs who experienced changes in academic nurse administrators at colleges and universities in a southern state in the United States. Nursing academic administrators influence the quality of nursing programs. Changes in academic administrators are experienced by educators of nursing programs, who, in turn, contribute to the students' learning experience. Stress is perceived differently in individuals. Lazarus and Folkman's transactional theory of stress and coping (TTSC) is the theory guiding this study. This theory examines how individuals interpret and react to events. The …


Barriers To Online Education: A Qualitative Study Of First-Generation Online Community College Students And The Barriers They Face, Caleb D. Leal Oct 2025

Barriers To Online Education: A Qualitative Study Of First-Generation Online Community College Students And The Barriers They Face, Caleb D. Leal

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the barriers that first-generation community college students face when enrolling in online courses. The theory guiding this study is Bourdieu’s capital theory, which details possible barriers students may face when enrolling in online courses. The barriers associated with Bourdieu’s capital theory include economic, cultural, social, and technical. The method employed in this research is a qualitative phenomenological approach, focusing on the lived experiences of first-generation community college students enrolled in online courses. Using a hermeneutical approach, the research was focused on the stories and lived experiences of each participant. The study …


Qualitative Ethnographic Research On The Efficacy Of A Christian-Based Approach To Mentorship For Black Males, Arnold M. Campbell Oct 2025

Qualitative Ethnographic Research On The Efficacy Of A Christian-Based Approach To Mentorship For Black Males, Arnold M. Campbell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study advanced qualitative research by identifying several statistical gaps in the social sciences related to leadership development, learning principles, character traits, and spiritual formation for a specific demographic of Black males. This researcher aimed to understand the efficacy of Christian-based actions through mentorship programs that intend to address social deficits. From a theological and theoretical context, this research literature review and observations focused on the practical Christian-based approaches to mentorship that provided a model to improve the lives of a specific demographic of Black males considered high-risk and vulnerable. The target group was raised in single-parent homes and attended …


Impact Of Trauma-Informed Care On The Restorative Justice Ecosystem, Amy Kight Oct 2025

Impact Of Trauma-Informed Care On The Restorative Justice Ecosystem, Amy Kight

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Created and titled as the ARTIC Project (Activating Restoration through Trauma-Informed Courts), this research addresses the gap between industrial/structural realities and relationship/nurturing realities within Substance Use Disorder (SUD) recovery and restorative justice paradigms. Grounded in Trust-Based Relational Intervention (TBRI), the project emphasized that sustainable behavioral change requires balancing connection with correction (KPICD, 2022). Through a biblical lens, the researcher posits complete healing only comes from our Heavenly Father and occurs on an individual level. With this in mind, TBRI research affirms that organizations do not change people - people change people (KPICD, 2022). This intentional relationship between God, Creation, Others, …


Stress And Psychological Capital: Exploring The Link Between Psychological Capital And Occupational Stress, Andrew Regalado Oct 2025

Stress And Psychological Capital: Exploring The Link Between Psychological Capital And Occupational Stress, Andrew Regalado

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The objective for this quantitative correlational study was to investigate how positive psychological factors, such as grit, resilience, and mental toughness, are related to employee perceptions of occupational stress. In this study, 115 full-time employees across various levels of occupational stress and risk, completed online surveys utilizing the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S), the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 (CD-RISC-10), the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 10 (MTQ10), and the Perceived Occupational Stress Scale (POS). The results indicated that grit, resilience, and mental toughness do not relate to perceptions of occupational stress. Additionally, grit, resilience, or mental toughness were not related to perceptions of …


The Lived Experience Of The Haitian Diaspora Living With Vicarious Trauma In South Florida, Marie Danie Cadet Oct 2025

The Lived Experience Of The Haitian Diaspora Living With Vicarious Trauma In South Florida, Marie Danie Cadet

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to understand the lived experience of the Haitian diaspora with vicarious trauma in West Palm Beach. The Haitian diaspora, due to their ties to the homeland, is exposed to the trauma of their fellow citizens. The theory guiding this study is McCann and Pearlman's Constructivist Self-Development Theory (CSDT). This theory explains the nature of understanding the interpersonal and psychological influence of trauma. The primary research question that guides this study is: How does the Haitian diaspora describe their experience with vicarious trauma? What are the mental health help-seeking behaviors of the diaspora? The …


Police Officers’ Perception Of The Anti-Police Movement And How That Affects Officer Retention In Minnesota, Kimberly Wood Oct 2025

Police Officers’ Perception Of The Anti-Police Movement And How That Affects Officer Retention In Minnesota, Kimberly Wood

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The research aims to investigate the perceived mass exodus of police officer departures alongside police officer retention rates throughout Minnesota. The study investigates whether high-profile police officer prosecutions together with national news incidents directly cause police officers to leave their jobs along with the Ferguson Effect taking place. The profession of policing has become more challenging and dangerous for its practitioners. The combination of recruitment challenges and increased assaults on police officers without punishment for perpetrators and elevated arrest resistance from suspects has led to the perceived mass exodus of police officers. The number of officer shootings and assaults combined …


Exploring How Collaboration Between General And Special Education Teachers Affects Self-Efficacy When Teaching Students Diagnosed With Emotional Disabilities In The Inclusive Classroom: A Qualitative Case Study, Liza K. Hyde Oct 2025

Exploring How Collaboration Between General And Special Education Teachers Affects Self-Efficacy When Teaching Students Diagnosed With Emotional Disabilities In The Inclusive Classroom: A Qualitative Case Study, Liza K. Hyde

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this case study was to explore the self-efficacy of general education and special education teachers at XYZ school district. The theory guiding this study was Bandura’s self-efficacy theory. The central research question was: How does collaboration between general and special education teachers affect their self-efficacy when working with students with emotional disabilities? This qualitative case study explored general and special education teachers’ real-life experiences while collaborating and teaching students with emotional disabilities in the secondary inclusive classroom. The total number of participants (10) were interviewed, allowed to collaborate in focus groups, and completed a reflective letter writing …


Nurse Confidence In Mental Health Communication: Examining The Effect Of An Educational Intervention In Outpatient Specialty Departments, Joy-Ruth Mathews Oct 2025

Nurse Confidence In Mental Health Communication: Examining The Effect Of An Educational Intervention In Outpatient Specialty Departments, Joy-Ruth Mathews

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The global prevalence of mental health illnesses has prompted a growing need for healthcare professionals to be prepared to identify and address these concerns. Many nurses in outpatient specialty departments report feeling underprepared and lacking confidence when communicating with patients about mental health concerns. This scholarly project utilized an educational intervention to improve nurse confidence in mental health communication, the application of therapeutic communication techniques, and resource identification. A quasi-experimental, one-group pretest/posttest design was implemented, with nurses from outpatient specialty departments at Duke Health’s Kernodle Clinic completing pre- and post-Likert scale surveys to assess changes in their self-reported confidence. The …


Experiences Of A Simulated Medical Malpractice Lawsuit On Nursing Students' Documentation Practices: A Transcendental Phenomenological Approach, Heide Thorne Oct 2025

Experiences Of A Simulated Medical Malpractice Lawsuit On Nursing Students' Documentation Practices: A Transcendental Phenomenological Approach, Heide Thorne

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative, transcendental phenomenological study is to understand the perspectives of first semester nursing students participating in a simulated medical malpractice lawsuit and documentation practices. The theory guiding this study is Kolb’s experiential learning theory (ELT), as it explains the relationship of learning and knowledge transfer through a simulation-based learning activity (SBL). Data collection approaches included observations, anonymous reflective journals, and individual interviews or questionnaire capturing students’ personal experiences and emerging themes. Bracketing enhanced reflexivity, reduced bias, and strengthened the study’s credibility and dependability. Results of the study support the efficacy of a specific, powerful SBL activity …


From Food Desert To Food Security: Implementing Change Through The Augusta Dream Center, Marté Antione Gifford Oct 2025

From Food Desert To Food Security: Implementing Change Through The Augusta Dream Center, Marté Antione Gifford

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this project is to design and implement a community garden, supplemented by local farmer partnerships, at the Augusta Dream Center (ADC) to address food insecurity in the Central Savannah River Area (CSRA) by providing fresh produce, fostering nutrition education, and promoting long-term health equity. This project is driven by the urgent need to reduce health disparities that result from limited access to healthy foods, particularly the elevated risks of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in low-income and minority communities. The CSRA faces unique challenges as it contains both food deserts, where healthy food options are scarce, and …


Pilot Study: Integrating The Epic Stroke Narrator Into Inpatient Code Stroke Protocols To Improve Symptom Onset Identification And Reduce Intervention Times, Stacy L. Carter Oct 2025

Pilot Study: Integrating The Epic Stroke Narrator Into Inpatient Code Stroke Protocols To Improve Symptom Onset Identification And Reduce Intervention Times, Stacy L. Carter

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

In-hospital strokes are often underrecognized, leading to treatment delays and poorer outcomes compared to community-onset strokes. This scholarly project evaluated whether integrating the Epic Stroke Narrator into inpatient code stroke protocols could improve documentation of last known well time (LKWT) and reduce time to intervention. A 6-week quasi-experimental pilot study guided by the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice and Rogers’ diffusion of innovations theory was conducted on a neuroscience telemetry step-down unit at a comprehensive stroke center in Richmond, Virginia. Education on the Stroke Narrator was provided to bedside nurses and was followed by implementation and evaluation of narrator use …


Generation Z And The Church: A Phenomenological Study Of Perceptions, Barriers, And Opportunities For Church Engagement, Hector Albert Soto Oct 2025

Generation Z And The Church: A Phenomenological Study Of Perceptions, Barriers, And Opportunities For Church Engagement, Hector Albert Soto

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the perceptions, barriers, and opportunities that shape the relationship between Generation Z and the Christian church, with particular attention to how these factors influence patterns of engagement. Recent trends indicated a significant decline in church engagement among Generation Z, contributing to the erosion of vital resources necessary for the sustained vitality of contemporary Christian congregations (Barna, 2020; Braddy, 2021; Earls, 2020). The study was guided by three research questions: 1) What Generation Z variables did the church need to focus on to attract and retain Gen Z (e.g., social concerns, leadership …