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Higher Education And Life Chances: A Study Of Occupational Attainments And Attitudes Among Some Public University Graduates, Richard Peter Talbot

Doctoral Dissertations

This study investigates the post-graduate educational and occupational experiences of the 1968 and 1978 graduates of a state flagship university. First, it explores the influence of parental variables upon respondents' choice of curriculum and of post-graduate study. Second, it examines the occupational placement of the respondents by cohort and by gender. Third, it explores the present attitudes of the respondents by cohort and gender.

A stratified random sampling of the graduates (N = 433) via a mailed survey questionnaire shows that more men than women in the 1968 cohort return their forms. There is the suspicion that only those who …

Seventeenth-Century New England And New France In Comparative Perspective: Notre Dame Des Anges---A Case Study, Mary Ann La Fleur

Doctoral Dissertations

This work is a comparison of New England and New France in northeast North America in the seventeenth century. The study of New England relies on secondary works while the study of New France uses primary material. The seigneurie of Notre Dame des Anges, located north of Quebec City, was used as the basis of this study. The questions asked in this study are: Was culture or the environment the most significant factor in the establishing of colonies in the New World? Who were the people who came from England and France? What was the character of those who stayed …

The Ronson Ship: The Study Of An Eighteenth-Century Merchantman Excavated In Manhattan, New York In 1982, Warren Curtis Riess

Doctoral Dissertations

During a pre-construction archaeological investigation at 175 Water Street, Manhattan, New York in 1982, excavators discovered an eighteenth-century merchant ship. The port side of the ship was excavated and recorded and the bow was taken apart and saved. Since that time historical and archaeological studies have been conducted to interpret the site to glean information about eighteenth-century technology and economics. The remains of this ship are particularly important because no draft or other remains of early eighteenth-century transatlantic merchantmen have been discovered.

The ship appears to be a Virginia-built ship which sailed between the Chesapeake and England or Scotland carrying …

Sodium - Rare-Gas Van Der Waals Molecules, Ke-Kang Lin

Doctoral Dissertations

The intensity of the fluorescent radiation from the red wing of the Na D-lines perturbed by rare-gas atoms has been measured as a function of temperature and rare-gas density. These observations were then combined with a quasistatic analysis to determine the potential well depths and the emission peak wavelengths for ${\rm Na(3P)He}\sb2,$ ${\rm Na(3P)Ar}\sb2,$ ${\rm Na(3P)Kr}\sb2,$ and ${\rm Na(3P)Ar}\sb3$ molecules. The following results were obtained: for ${\rm Na\sp\* He}\sb2,$ ${\rm D = 820(110)\ cm}\sp{-1},$ $\lambda = 8400$ A; for ${\rm Na\sp\* Ar}\sb2,$ ${\rm D = 1100(150)\ cm}\sp{-1},$ $\lambda = 7200$ A; for ${\rm Na\sp\* Kr}\sb2,$ ${\rm D = 1355(180)\ cm}\sp{-1},$ …

Community Ecology Of Chilean Sandy Beaches, Eduardo Jaramillo

Doctoral Dissertations

Monthly abundances and life history traits of peracarid species (Orchestoidea and Excirolana), and the anomurid crab Emerita analoga were studied during May, 1978 to April, 1980 in an exposed sandy beach of southern Chile (Mehuin Beach, Bahia de Maiquillahue). Beach characteristics differed significantly during these years; i.e. more sand erosion and coarser sand occurred during the first year. The lowest abundances of the total macroinfauna (46-111 ind ${\rm m}\sp{-2})$ occurred during winter 1978, while the highest abundances (896-1251 ind ${\rm m}\sp{-2})$ occurred during winter 1979. The low abundances were a result of severe erosion of the habitat rather than just …

Body Tensor Formalism In Finite Deformation Elasticity And Application To The Torsion Of A Circular Cylinder, Alexander Sachs

Doctoral Dissertations

In this work one develops the body tensor formalism for homogenous, isotropic elastic materials. This formalism is general and not limited to small deformations. One examines the physical laws and the constitutive equation which relates the stress to the strain with the help of the two Lame coefficients and the three third order elastic constants. Although the body tensor formalism has been used before to describe finite deformation elasticity, it has not been used to generalize the constitutive equation for the stress-strain relationship.

The body tensor formalism and the generalised constitutive equation are applied to the torsion of a right …

Gamma-Ray Imaging Observations Of The Crab And Cygnus Regions, Mark Lewis Mcconnell

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation presents the results from a balloon-borne experiment, referred to as the Directional Gamma-Ray Telescope (DGT), which is designed to image celestial gamma-rays over the energy range 160 keV to 9.3 MeV. It utilizes a technique known as coded aperture imaging in order to obtain spatially resolved images of the sky with an angular resolution of $3.8\sp\circ.$ This detector is the first flight-ready instrument of this type operating at energies above 160 keV. The first successful balloon flight of this instrument took place on 1984 October 1-2. During the thirty hours in which the payload remained at float altitude, …

Sources Of Stress In Middle Childhood: Child And Parent Perspectives, Maryann Collins Corsello

Doctoral Dissertations

Much of the literature on childhood stress is based on adult assumptions of what is stressful to children. Rarely are young children solicited for their perspective. The present study addressed the following two issues in the assessment of childhood stress: (1) Can young children give reliable and valid appraisals of potentially stressful situations? (2) Do these appraisals differ systematically from those made by parents for their children?

In small group discussions, children in grades 1 through 4 (N = 62) provided information on sources of stress and pictures of a "nervous" person. The child-provided stressors and the drawings formed the …

Rocket-Borne Low Energy Ion Measurements In Space, Craig James Pollock

Doctoral Dissertations

A capped hemisphere electrostatic analyzer has been developed for the purpose of performing detailed studies of charged particle distributions in space from sounding rocket platforms. This instrument employs micro channel plate detectors in conjunction with a linear resistive anode to carry out angular imaging, by resistive charge division, of particle arrivals. Two such instruments, capable of supplying 64 x 32 angle-energy positive ion distributions every $\sim1$ second were flown on two separate high latitude sounding rockets in February, 1985, from Sondre Stromfjord, Greenland. One of these two rockets featured an active ion beam experiment whereby 200 eV/q Ar$\sp{+}$ ions were …

Microemulsions, Lyotropic Liquid Crystals, And Other Association Structures, Jiafu Fang

Doctoral Dissertations

"Phase diagrams have been determined showing the extent of the inverse micellar or microemulsion region for several ionic surfactants and some cosurfactants. Hexylamine has been found to be a very effective cosurfactant giving rise to very good water solubilizing capacity at extremely low surfactant concentrations and very low cosurfactant levels at rather high initial hydrocarbon levels.

A fairly extensive study of phase equilibria of the system composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate, hexylamine, heptane, and water has been carried out. The conductivity behavior of the inverse micellar or microemulsion phase of the system shows the percolation phenomenon. Low angle X-ray diffraction …

Fundamental Study Of The Role Of Cathode Structure On Zinc Electrowinning, Horacio M. Aros

Doctoral Dissertations

"The influence of cathode macromorphology on the current efficiency of zinc electrowinning was determined.

The studies have shown that surface roughness affects current efficiency during zinc electrowinning, particularly when the electrolyte contains impurities such as nickel and antimony. Current efficiency does not change with surface roughness as long as the electrolyte is sufficiently pure.

Zinc deposited on smooth zinc cathodes tends to retain a more favorable structure and macromorphology, which is less sensitive to the effects caused by antimony and nickel. Glue helps to counteract the effect of the impurities; however, its presence in the electrolyte at certain combinations with …

Intensional Reasoning About Knowledge, Oliver B. Popov

Doctoral Dissertations

"As demands and ambitions increase in Artificial Intelligence, the need for formal systems that facilitate a study and a simulation of a machine cognition has become an inevitability. This paper explores and developes the foundations of a formal system for propositional reasoning about knowledge. The semantics of every meaningful expression in the system is fully determined by its intension, the set of complexes in which the expression is confirmed. The knowledge system is based on three zeroth-order theories of epistemic reasoning for consciousness, knowledge and entailed knowledge. The results presented in the paper determine the soundness and the completeness of …

Development Of Design Criteria For Ferritic Stainless Steel Cold-Formed Structural Members And Connections, Pieter Van Der Merwe

Doctoral Dissertations

"This dissertation describes the development of the basic criteria needed for the design of structural members cold-formed from certain ferritic stainless steels. The Allowable Stress Design method as well as the Load and Resistance Factor Design method receive attention. The ferritic stainless steels under consideration are: Types AISI 409 and 430 as well as a modified Type 409 steel, designated 3CR12 steel, developed and produced by the speciality steel producing company, Middelburg Steel and Alloys in South Africa.

The mechanical properties needed for structural design are established. It is shown through an experimental study that the design provisions for the …

Effects Of The Luminous Environment On Managerial Decision Making, Marc Clay Belcher

Doctoral Dissertations

"Little is known about the influence the physical environment may have on the way a manager goes about making decisions. This work considers one element of the environment, lighting, and attempts to establish a relationship between that element and the decision strategy a manager may select.

From a review of the literature on the effects of light on man and from the field of decision making, a model is posited suggesting that the luminous environment affects decision making. Since others have established that mood influences how decisions are made, and since it is suggested in the literature that lighting affects …

Experimental Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Of Propyne With Propane, Propene And Propadiene, Edward Allen Kyser

Doctoral Dissertations

"Vapor pressures for pure propane, pure propene, impure propadiene and pure propyne and 19 binary mixtures of propane, propene, and propadiene with propyne are reported at -20, 5, 30, 55 and 80° C. An equation of state utilizing pure component saturated vapor and liquid densities is used to correlate all the data and the effect of the propadiene impurities was theoretically removed. The data of Burcham (1981) are recorrelated using new information about the impurities, and different results are obtained. Calculated relative volatilities and saturated densities are reported for the systems propane-propyne, propene-propyne, propadiene-propyne and propane-propadiene"-- Abstract, p. ii

Phase Equilibria From Pvt Measurements For Carbon Dioxide, Water And N-Decane, Michael Nduka Okafor

Doctoral Dissertations

"Phase equilibrium properties for the carbon dioxide - water - n-decane system were determined from pressure-temperature-volume (PVT) measurements. PVT properties were also obtained for pure carbon dioxide and water, and the binary mixtures of carbon dioxide - water and carbon dioxide - n-decane. The experiments were conducted at temperatures of 313.17, 353.15 and 393.15 Kelvin, and at pressures from 37 to 416 bar. Measurements for the mixtures were terminated when complete miscibility was observed.

The Perturbed-Hard-Chain (PHC) equation of state developed by Gmehling et al. (1979) was chosen to correlate the measured data because of its ability to handle the …

Amphiphile Association Structures, Yun Yang

Doctoral Dissertations

"The amphiphile association behavior of Aerosol OT (sodium di-w-ethylhexylsulfoccinate) and p-xylene in combination with mixtures of different ratios of glycerol/water systems was studied and compared to that in the corresponding water and glycerol systems. The presence of glycerol strongly destabilized the inverse hexagonal liquid crystal phase observed in the aqueous system. The glycerol showed more ability to penetrate into the amphiphile bilayer than water in the lamellar liquid crystal phase. The influences of water and glycerol on the organization of amphiphile in the lamellar liquid crystal phase are of the same order.

The gross diffusion coefficient of 1% 2,4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine-3-oxide in …

On The Spectra Of Gamma-Ray Bursts At High Energies, Steven Michael Matz

Doctoral Dissertations

Between 1980 February and 1983 August the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) on the Solar Maximum Mission satellite (SMM) observed 71 gamma-ray bursts. These events form a representative subset of the class of classical gamma-ray bursts. Since their discovery more than 15 years ago, hundreds of gamma-ray bursts have been detected; however, most observations have been limited to an energy range of roughly 30 keV-1MeV. The large sensitive area and spectral range of the GRS allow, for the first time, an investigation of the high-energy (>1 MeV) behavior of a substantial number of gamma-ray bursts.

It is found that high-energy emission …

A Critical Study Of The Novels Of John Fowles, Katherine M. Tarbox

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation offers a prismatic view of John Fowles's novels. My approach accords with his major theme: that true perception is "seeing whole." My readings involve, first, a close textual analysis which demonstrates how Fowles uses patterning, counterpoint, symbol and image clusters to suggest the nature of reality. I also examine extensively Fowles's use of rhetoric. The study of his artistry inevitably leads to a discussion of his themes. I have considered Fowles's theory of history, his feeling that individual self-awareness is the key to the evolution of the species, and that one's personal freedom should be unassailable.

My work …

The Effect Of Rain On Intertidal Estuarine Sediment Transport (Vortex Rings, Oxygenation, Drop/Splash Features, Fecal Pellets), Thomas Cortland Shevenell

Doctoral Dissertations

Storms are important aperiodic events, which intensify erosional processes over short time periods. The effect of rain on the shallow intertidal water column was the focus of this study. The literature was extensively reviewed to identify parallel research in other scientific disciplines, which could be used to understand how raindrops may be acting as a sediment resuspension mechanism. Single-drop and multi-drop laboratory studies were conducted on the initiation of motion of sediment. Results indicate single vortex rings in a quiescent environment can initiate motion of sand-sized noncohesive sediment in all water depths tested, up to and including 22.5 cm. Multidrop …

Technical Change And Profitability: The Long-Period Behavior Of The Rate Of Profit (Competition, Rationality), Benigno Valdes

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation provides a theoretical inquiry into the effects of technical change on profitability. In the center of the discussion lies the Marxian 'Law of the Falling Tendency of the Rate of Profit' (LFTRP). The LFTRP maintains that mechanization, i.e. the introduction of cost-reducing techniques of the capital-using-labor-saving type, results in a lower average rate of profit. This proposition is denied by the Okishio theorem, which says that the introduction of such techniques is incompatible with a falling rate of profit.

In order to evaluate Okishio's claim, a model of the economy which incorporates fixed capital is constructed, and on …

Timing Relationships In Human Cortical Processing, Daniel Michael Rice

Doctoral Dissertations

Although a number of studies have suggested that the phases of the alpha cycle and the cardiac cycle reflect temporal relationships in cortical processing, these studies are not conclusive. The reason is that almost all of these suggestions have been based upon the demonstration that a measure of visual processing varies with the phase of the alpha cycle or the cardiac cycle at which stimuli are presented. These visual effects could have been caused by a peripheral mechanism involving the tremor of the eyes. Because of this, this dissertation was interested in the effect of these physiological cycles on auditory …

Characterization Of Sod-Induced Alfalfa Seedling Injury (Allelopathy, Anaerobiosis), David James Lang

Doctoral Dissertations

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to examine the seedling vigor of sod-sown alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).

Seedlings grown in tilled soil had more dry matter, were taller, and had longer internodes than seedlings in sod. Node number and plant density were reduced in some experiments. Seedling vigor was not hindered by physical impairment of seed germination, inadequate soil fertility, weed or sod competition, soil moisture, herbicide injury, or predators.

Time interval between tillage of sod and planting date affected seedling vigor. Seedlings growing in sod tilled the previous fall had higher yields than those sown in freshly tilled sod …

Interaction Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons With Dissolved And Sediment Associated Humic Materials (Nmr, Fluorescence), Thomas Donald Gauthier

Doctoral Dissertations

A fluorescence quenching method was developed for determining association constants of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)s with dissolved and sediment bound humic materials. The technique is based upon the observation that PAH fluorescence in aqueous solution is quenched upon association with humic material. Association constants are derived from the fractional decrease in fluorescence intensity as a function of added humic material using Stern-Volmer plots. No separation is required and since the technique involves a ratio measurement the exact concentration of pollutant is not required. Anthracene-humic acid association constants normalized to the fraction of organic carbon in the sorbent (K(,oc)), determined by …

The Effect Of Parental Aggression On Children's Cognitive Development, Susan Elizabeth Craig

Doctoral Dissertations

The study investigated the relationship between parental aggression and children's cognitive development. Parental aggression was studied in terms of both verbal aggression and use of physical force. Indexes developed from form N of the Conflict Tactics Scales (Straus, 1979) were used to measure both variables at three levels: low, middle and high. The dependent variables were measures of the child's (A) cognitive style, (B) cognitive functioning and (C) self-esteem.

Previous research indicates a relationship between abuse and cognitive development: Ackly (1977), Elmer (1967), Martin (1979). A methodological limitation of these studies is that they used samples of children previously identified …

Parents Who Don't Spank: Deviation In The Legitimation Of Physical Force (Violence, Childrearing, Discipline), Barbara Ann Carson

Doctoral Dissertations

This study investigates why some parents deviate from American norms on childrearing and decide to use no form of physical punishment. Based on the percentage of American parents who use physical punishment, the views of popular childrearing manuals, relevant laws and court cases it is concluded that the use of physical punishment of children in American society is a context where the use of physical force is legitimate.

To locate non-spanking parents, questionnaires were distributed to parents of all first, second and third graders in a eastern seacoast town of approximately 27,000 people. Of those who returned the questionnaires, 87% …

An Investigation Of Aquatic Macrophyte-Based Aquatic Wastewater Treatment Systems For Temperate Climates (Elodea Nuttallii, Photosynthesis, Nutrient Budget, Active Transport, Nitrification), Thomas Taylor Eighmy

Doctoral Dissertations

Aquatic treatment systems are a low cost, low energy alternative to conventional treatment systems; they can provide secondary and advanced secondary wastewater treatment capabilities for small communities. Their potential application in temperate climates has been ignored. The research presented here was conducted to examine their applicability for use in temperate regions. A pilot-scale aquatic macrophyte-based aquatic treatment system was designed to treat primary effluent. Four aquatic macrophytes (Elodea nuttallii, Lemna minor, Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Ceratophyllum demersum) were evaluated as candidates. The hydraulic, organic, and nutrient loadings to the reactors were similar to design values for water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) systems. Nitrification …

The Role Of Error Analysis, Diagnostic Grading Procedures, And Student Reflection In First Semester Calculus Learning (Epistemology, Metacognition, Inquiry), Karen Jean Geuther

Doctoral Dissertations

The present study is an integrative study designed to explore the nature of student difficulties within the context of a first semester college calculus course. The techniques of error analysis were used to identify and categorize the student difficulties. Insights gained from this categorization served as the basis for the design and development of calculus grader preparation materials implemented with a subgroup of undergraduate calculus graders. These grader preparation materials emphasized grader diagnosis of student difficulties and student reflection on errors and process. Current preparation procedures served as the control on the basis of which comparisons and evaluations were made. …

Fire Resistance Of Concrete-Filled And Reinforced Concrete Columns, Mohamed El-Shayeb

Doctoral Dissertations

In order to calculate the fire resistance of a building component, it is necessary to know the temperature history of the component during exposure to fire. In this dissertation a numerical method is described for calculating the temperature field in fire-exposed columns. The procedure is based on a finite difference method for calculating the temperature history of concrete-filled square steel and cylindrical reinforced concrete columns. Two mathematical models and their related computer programs for these columns are presented in this dissertation.

Furthermore, the Division of Building Research of the National Research Council of Canada, is now carrying out extensive experimental …

Electroencephalographic And Electromyographic Biofeedback Training Of Occipital Lobe Theta Rhythm, David William Lawson

Doctoral Dissertations

Three biofeedback training methods were used to train human subjects to enhance levels of occipital lobe theta electro-encephalographic rhythms. It was hypothesized that the subject's level of physiological arousal would differentially influence the effectiveness of the training methods. The independent variables were: (1) baseline arousal, (2) training methods, and (3) pre/posttraining recording sessions. The dependent variables included: (1) theta EEG, (2) frontalis EMG, and (3) alpha EEG levels. For the baseline arousal variable, subjects were divided into low and high arousal groups based on a median-split of their pretraining frontalis EMG levels. The training methods included: (1) one-phase EMG/EMG feedback …