Digital Commons Network^™

Extensions Of Bialgebras And Their Cohomological Description, Mark Lloyd Bochert

Doctoral Dissertations

This paper develops the theory of crossed product Hopf algebras of pairs of arbitrary Hopf algebras. The theory generalizes the crossed products of (Maj90), the Abelian crossed products of (Hof94) and the crossed product algebras of (BCM86). First, conditions are given on the structures involved that are shown to be equivalent to the existence of the crossed product. Next, a bisimplicial object is found that gives a cohomological description of the conditions. Cleft extensions of pairs of arbitrary Hopf algebras are then defined. These generalize the cleft extension algebras of (Swe68) and the Abelian cleft extensions of (By93); they are …

Extending The National Council Of Teachers Of Mathematics' "Recognizing And Recording Reform In Mathematics Education" Documentation Project Through Cross-Case Analyses, Loren Phaffle Johnson

Doctoral Dissertations

The primary emphasis of this study was to broaden the understanding of data collected in the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics' (NCTM) Recognizing and Recording Reform in Mathematics Education (R$\sp3$M) project in order to more fully clarify the processes by which reform in mathematics education was occurring across five high school sites. A secondary emphasis was to develop a model of doing cross-case analyses and identifying those methodological elements and linkages that could be applied generally in large-scale studies of this sort.

R$\sp3$M documenters obtained data that resulted from interviews of mathematics teachers, administrators, and students; classroom observations; and …

The Discourse Of Gratitude In The Novels Of Jane Austen, William Gosnell Sayres

Doctoral Dissertations

Jane Austen is preeminently the novelist of gratitude, and no substantive noun of similar moral content recurs in these texts with the frequency of "gratitude." Gratitude has enormous power in her novels. It is a necessary precursor of love in the formation of bonds between men and women, and no "good" mutual love is possible unless it evolves through the process of gratitude. For successful marriages, gratitude is even more necessary than love. Among the scholars who focus on significant terms in Austen novels, few give more than passing attention to gratitude or to the massive volume of eighteenth-century moralist …

Radiatively Active Trace Gas Emissions From Waste Management Systems, Peter Matthew Czepiel

Doctoral Dissertations

Current waste management practices present significant potential for emissions of radiatively active trace gases to the atmosphere. This dissertation describes the quantitative assessment of nitrous oxide (N$\sb2$O) emissions from liquid waste and residuals treatment, emissions of methane (CH$\sb4$) from landfills, and the effects of microbial oxidation on landfill CH$\sb4$ emissions.

N$\sb2$O emissions were measured from liquid treatment process at a wastewater treatment plant where the highest emissions occurred during secondary aeration. Emission factors derived from the measurements included 3.2 g N$\sb2$O person$\sp{-1}$ year$\sp{-1}$ and $1.6\times10\sp{-6}$ g N$\sb2$O (liter wastewater$\sp{-1}$). The potential for N$\sb2$O emissions from the composting of the residual …

Part I Synthesis, Functionalization And Metal Complexation Of Polyamine Macrocycles Part Ii Synthesis And Dynamic Nmr Studies Of Bicyclic Ureas, Daniel Cope Hill

Doctoral Dissertations

Part I. The syntheses and characterizations of novel bicyclic tetraamines (shown below) have been accomplished. The complexation of bicyclic tetraamines (R = CH$\sb3)$ with Li$\sp+$ and Na$\sp+$ have been studied by NMR spectroscopy. These tetraamines are strong bases and selective Li$\sp+$ binders. The parent "cross-bridged cyclam" (R = H; X = Y = CH$\sb2)$ was functionalized with a variety of ligating groups containing heteroatoms. Several of the ligands were investigated as possible radiopharmaceutical ($\rm\sp{99m}Tc$) imaging agent precursors.

Syntheses of non-adjacent selectively functionalized tetraazacycloalkanes have also been developed.

Part II. Synthesis and dynamic NMR studies of intramolecular transamidation of bicyclic urea …

Temporal Context And Choice, Randolph Carey Grace

Doctoral Dissertations

An extension of the generalized matching law is proposed as a model for choice in concurrent chains. The contextual choice model (CCM) assumes that effects of temporal context on choice are determined by the relative times spent in the terminal and initial links (Tt/Ti), and that terminal-link value is independent of temporal context. CCM gives an excellent description of a wide range of archival data, and because it simplifies to the generalized matching law when terminal-link duration is zero, provides a quantitative integration of concurrent chains and concurrent schedules. A series of experiments with pigeons as subjects is described to …

An Investigation Into Students' Conceptual Understandings Of The Graphical Representation Of Polynomial Functions, Judith Ellen Curran

Doctoral Dissertations

Mathematics educators are realizing the impact that technology is having on the way mathematical functions can be represented and manipulated. The increased use of graphing technology in the classroom is paralleled by an increased emphasis on the role of the graphical representation of a function to solve problems. These changes together with a recognition of the significance and complexity of developing a rich understanding of the graphical representations of polynomial functions are the motivation behind this research.

The study was designed to explore students' conceptual understandings of the graphs of polynomial functions. Guided by a constructivist approach to conceptual change, …

Orbit-Reflexivity, Michael James Mchugh

Doctoral Dissertations

Suppose $H$ is a separable, infinite dimensional Hilbert space and $T$ and $S$ are bounded linear transformations on $H$. Suppose that if $Sx\in\{x, ,Tx ,T\sp2x,...\}\sp{-}$ for every $x$ implies that $S\in\{1, T, T\sp2,...\}\sp{-SOT}$ then $T$ is orbit-reflexive. Many operators are proven to be orbit-reflexive, including analytic Toeplitz operators and subnormal operators with cyclic vectors.

Suppose that if $Sx\in\{\gamma x : x\in H, \gamma\in\doubc\}\sp{-}$ for every $x$, implies that $S\in\{\gamma T\sp{n} : n\ge0, \lambda\in\doubc\}\sp{-SOT}$ then $T$ is $\doubc$-orbit-reflexive. Many operators are shown to be $\doubc$-orbit-reflexive. $\doubc$-orbit-reflexivity is shown to be the same as reflexivity for algebraic operators.

Reflected Light Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, Electron Spectroscopy, And X-Ray Diffraction Mineralogical Characterization Of Electric Arc Furnace (Eaf) Dusts, Ann M. Hagni

Doctoral Dissertations

"The secondary steel industry in the United States generates 600,000 tons of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust each year. Over 5,000,000 tons of EAF dust are generated annually world wide. The dust, which is removed from off-gasses from the high temperature furnaces, is considered by the Environmental Protection Agency to be hazardous waste due to its leachable lead, cadmium, and chromium. In addition to hazardous components, EAF dust contains valuable zinc, averaging 19%. This study was initiated to determine the mineralogy and characterization of the dust to aid in the processing of the dust for metals recovery and rendering the …

Exports, Imports And Technology In The Us Industry Of Motor Vehicles And Equipment, Wei Heng Chen

Doctoral Dissertations

During the past two decades a system-wide approach to the analysis of multi-input, multi-output technology has been developed as the result of the application of the duality theory to the production and the development of the flexible functional forms. For empirical research, this system-wide approach has been widely applied to both industrial and national level economic problems. The industry applications usually work in the framework of a closed economy, failing to incorporate foreign trade flows, whereas the national economy applications attempt to consider only the primary factor inputs although foreign trade flows have been incorporated.

In this thesis the system-wide …

Stability Properties For The Constant Of Hyperreflexivity, Ileana Ionascu

Doctoral Dissertations

Let H be a separable, complex, Hilbert space and let ${\cal B}(H$) be the algebra of all (bounded linear) operators on H. We define a function$$\kappa:{\cal B}(H) \to \lbrack 1,\infty\rbrack;\qquad \kappa(T) = K({\cal A}\sb{w}(T)),\qquad \forall T \in {\cal B}(H),$$where ${\cal A}\sb{w}(T$) is the unital weakly closed algebra generated, in ${\cal B}(H$), by T, and $K({\cal A}\sb{w}(T$)) is the constant of hyperreflexivity of ${\cal A}\sb{w}(T$). If H is finite-dimensional, we show that $\kappa$ is continuous at $T \in {\cal B}(H$) if and only if T is non-reflexive or has dimH distinct eigenvalues (Theorem 2.6). An auxiliary result (Theorem 2.1) states that …

Decomposable Functions And Universal C*-Algebras, Llolsten Kaonga

Doctoral Dissertations

This paper deals with universal $C\sp\*$-algebras generated by matricial relations on the generators, for example, the universal $C\sp\*$-algebra with generators $a\sb{ij}, 1 \leq i,j \leq n$, subject to the condition that the matrix ($a\sb{ij}$) be normal and have spectrum in a designated compact subset ${\cal K}$ of the complex plane.

The main thrust of the paper is to compute the K-groups of some of these $C\sp\*$-algebras and to determine when they contain non-trivial projections. In the above example, we show that the K-groups of the algebra coincide with the topological K-groups of the set ${\cal K}$. We show, in general, …

Reflexive Subspaces And Lattices Of Pairs Of Projections, Deborah Narang

Doctoral Dissertations

Consider the sets ${\cal P}\sb{\cal H}$ and ${\cal P}\sb{\cal K}$ of the projections onto closed subspaces of Hilbert spaces ${\cal H}$ and $\cal K$ respectively. From the usual partial orders (based upon set containment) on $\cal P\sb{\cal K}$ and $\cal P\sb{\cal H}$, we can define a partial order on $\cal P\sb{\cal K}\times\cal P\sb{\cal H}$ by ($Q\sb1,P\sb1)\le(Q\sb2, P\sb2)$ if and only if $P\sb1\le P\sb2$ and $Q\sb2\le Q\sb1.$ Then the map $\alpha : \cal P\sb{\cal K}\times \cal P\sb{\cal H}\to \cal P\sb{\cal K\oplus\cal H}$ given by $\alpha(Q,P)=(1-Q)\oplus P$ is an order-preserving map. In particular, if $\cal L\subseteq\cal P\sb{\cal K\times\cal H}$ is a lattice, …

Wind-Driven Observation And Modelling In The Strait Of Gibraltar, Benabdeljelil Abdelkader

Doctoral Dissertations

Meteorological forcing has been found to be responsible for 65% of the subtidal current variance through Gibraltar Strait. However this value does not discriminate between atmospheric pressure and wind. Conditional coherences applied to a 2-input/single output system are computed to distribute the total variance of current data from the Gibraltar Experiment into wind-only, pressure-only, noise and shared forcings. Evidence is presented which shows that, within the subtidal range, wind and atmospheric pressure force the flow equally.

This study focuses on understanding the dynamics of the wind-driven circulation in a 2-layer channel. A channel jet model proves to be very useful …

Ground Water Flow Model For Fractured Media, Ernesto Da Silva Pitombeira

Doctoral Dissertations

In fractured rock systems, ground water flow is not as simple and as methodical as in a porous medium. To create a numerical model of such a flow system, a four-part algorithm was written, which included MATLAB$\sp\circler$ as a fundamental component. It was intended that the model output define the zone of influence of pumping stresses. The four model parts are, sequentially: generation of the interconnected fracture geometry; generation of the linear finite element grid; the hydraulic calculations and the influence zone delineation. MATLAB$\sp\circler$ is used to stochastically generate the fracture geometry from empirical estimates of the probability distributions of: …

The Utilization Of Municipal Solid Waste Combustion Bottom Ash As A Paving Material, Xishun Zhang

Doctoral Dissertations

A research project was conducted to investigate the potentials of using municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash as a paving material. The effort focused on (i) characterization of the time-dependent properties of the bottom ash, (ii) bottom ash utilization as an unbound material in road subbase and base application, and (iii) bottom ash utilization as an aggregate substitution in hot mixture asphalt. A series of standard or non-standard procedures were employed to evaluate bottom ash behavior.

Results indicate that variability of the physical properties of the bottom ash produced during the two years study period is relatively small in view …

On The Berezin Symbol, Semra Kilic-Bahi

Doctoral Dissertations

Let ${\cal H}$ be a functional Hilbert space of analytic functions on a complex domain $\Omega,$ with the normalized reproducing kernel function $k\sb{z},\ z\in\Omega.$ If A is a linear map of ${\cal H}$ into itself, the Berezin symbol, A, of A is defined on $\Omega$ by $\tilde{A}(z) = \langle Ak\sb{z},\ k\sb{z}\rangle.$ The purpose of this research is to study how the properties of an operator are reflected in the properties of its Berezin symbol. In summary, I have (1) studied the properties of the Berezin symbol as a complex-valued function; (2) characterized multiplication operators, induced by a multiplier of ${\cal …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Binuclear And Unsymmetrical Phthalocyanines, Jiang Yang

Doctoral Dissertations

"The metal free planar binuclear phthalocyanines sharing a benzene or naphthalene ring have been synthesized and characterized. The position of Q band of binuclear phthalocyanine sharing a naphthalene ring is red shifted compared to binuclear phthalocyanine sharing a benzene ring. The compounds are shown to form the liquid crystal mesophases at room temperature.

The unique unsymmetrical phthalocyanines with steric hindrance tetraphenyl or “opposite” octaphenyl substitution have been synthesized with the aid of computer modeling. The compounds are characterized by UV-visible near IR absorption and NMR spectroscopy. Mesophase is observed by optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.

The aggregation behavior has …

Production And Extraction Of Polarized Electrons From An Optically Pumped Helium Discharge, Raymond James Vandiver

Doctoral Dissertations

"Polarized electron sources are needed to study the spin dependent processes in atomic and molecular systems. This area of physics has enjoyed much success in the past decade due to the development of polarized electron sources of high electron polarization and current. We have investigated the production and extraction of polarized electrons from an optically pumped helium discharge.

We have directly extracted electrons with polarizations between 6% and 7% at currents greater than 200 µA from a helium DC discharge where the helium 2³S₁ metastable atoms are optically pumped to nearly 100% polarization. These high metastable polarizations …

The Application Of Markov State Probabilities In Developing Artificially Intelligent Managerial Strategies: A Case Study Based On Major League Baseball, Arnold Vincent Arconati

Doctoral Dissertations

"Baseball is a very large industry that influences the lives and financial assets of millions of people.

Many baseball analysts estimate that even the best Major League player can increase his team's expected number of yearly wins by only 3 or 4 games. In 1993 Bobby Bonilla, a New York Mets National League outfielder, earned $5,200,000 more than the average Major League player earned. The Mets apparently believed that expenditure of this money was worth his expected additional victories. If the strategy of an Artificially Intelligent baseball manager could produce 4 more team victories than the corresponding human baseball manager, …

Hydrodynamic Studies Of The Flow Of Fine Particles Through A Fluidized Dense Bed Of Coarse Solids, Jaideep Talukdar

Doctoral Dissertations

This study explains the hydrodynamics of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) system, the Battelle Multi-Solids Fluidized Bed System (MSFB). It consists of a circulating fluidized bed of fine particles superimposed on a bubbling bed of coarse solids.

One way to characterize such a system is to describe the mechanism of gas-solid flow through the bed. The gas flow in systems like these is through bubbles or slugs (regions of voids containing little or no solids). Bubbles are typically characterized by their size (length or diameter), their rise velocity, and their frequency.

Another task of the initial phase of this study …

Internal Working Models Of Self And Others In Adolescents: A Social-Cognitive Perspective, Saul Rosenthal

Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation, links between internal working models of attachment and self-concept are examined. Attachment and self-concept researchers discuss mental models of the self and the self in relationships as cognitive processors that affect attention to social information, as well as encoding, interpretation, and recall. Although some research supports the notions of attachment and self-concept constructs, no associations between the two have been previously examined. An argument is presented that concepts of the self and models of important relationships are interdependent. This argument is empirically tested with a sample of adolescent girls and their mothers, who completed a series of …

Hankel Operators On Hilbert Spaces, Pachara Wanpen

Doctoral Dissertations

In this paper we consider the Hankel operators from two points of view. On one hand the Hankel operator is induced by the coefficient sequence $a\sb0,a\sb1,a\sb2,\...$ and operates on a Hilbert space $H\sp2(\beta)$ with $\Sigma\sbsp{n=0}{\infty}\ \beta(n)\sp2 < \infty.$ In this situation we can find necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for the Hankel operator to be bounded. However, with compactness and Hilbert-Schmidt we can get only sufficient conditions. On the other hand we look at the Hankel operator $H\sb{f,\alpha}$ and little Hankel operator $h\sb{f,\alpha},$ with symbol function f, that operates on a weighted Bergman space. In this case we can determine bounded, compact, Hilbert Schmidt, or trace class operators of the Hankel operator $H\sb{f}$ and $h\sb{f,\alpha}.$ We also give a good estimate of bounded norm of little Hankel operators with a particular symbol function $f = z\bar g$ where g is in the Bloch space.

Automatic Tool Path Generation For Numerically Controlled Machining Of Sculptured Surfaces, Xiaoxia Li

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation presents four new tool path generation approaches for numerically controlled machining of sculptured surfaces: TRI$\sb-$XYINDEX, FINISH, FIVEX$\sb-$INDEX, FIX$\sb-$AXIS$\sb-$INDEX. All of the above systems index the tool across the object surface in the Cartesian space so that evenly distributed tool paths are accomplished.

TRI$\sb-$XYINDEX is a three-axis tool path generation system which uses a surface triangle set (STS) representation of the surface for tool position calculations. Surface edges are detected with local searching algorithms. Quick tool positioning is achieved by selecting candidate elements of polygons. Test results show that TRI$\sb-$XYINDEX is more efficient when machining surfaces which are relatively …

An Analysis Of North Sea Oil Development And Scottish Island Youth: Postmaterialism As An Identifiable And Measurable Dimension, John Alan Anderson

Doctoral Dissertations

This study examines opinions and attitudes of high school age youth living in the Shetland and Orkney islands and explores aspects of rapid growth associated with North Sea oil development. Only a minimal amount of research regarding post-impacts and rapid growth appears in the literature. Studies that do exist lack in theory and methodological consistency. This study draws ideas from mainstream sociology, Social Impact Assessment (SIA), Quality of Life (QoL) and Inglehart's materialism/postmaterialism to develop a working theory of social values and rapid growth. This study further reviews and applies six methodological considerations useable in future SIA, QoL, or boomtown …

A Computer Model Of The Role Of Text Integration In The Solution Of Arithmetic Word Problems, Mark David Leblanc

Doctoral Dissertations

Understanding arithmetic word problems involves a complex interaction of text comprehension and mathematical processes. This work presents a computer model of the hypothesized processes that are required of a young student solving arithmetic word problems, including the processes of sentence-level leading and text integration. Unlike previous computer simulations of word problem solving, which neglect the early stages of text processing, this model forces a detailed consideration of the linguistic process, which is being increasingly recognized as a primary source of difficulty. Three experiments were conducted to isolate critical test comprehension processes. Children's probability of solution was analyzed in regression analyses …

Approximate Equivalence Invon Neumann Algebras, Hui-Ru Ding

Doctoral Dissertations

In this paper we investigate approximate equivalence in von Neumann algebras. We find a necessary and sufficient condition for two normal operators to be approximately equivalent in any von Neumann algebra ${\cal R}$ acting on a separable Hilbert space H with unitaries in ${\cal R}.$ For the approximate equivalence of two unital representations from a given C$\*$-algebra to any von Neumann algebra acting on a separable Hilbert space, we find the necessary condition for the general case. Finally we investigate an interesting class of C$\*$-algebras, closed under direct sum, direct limit and quotient map, which contains C(X) and $M\sb{n}(A),$ where …

Essays In International Trade And The Environment: Applications Of Heckscher-Ohlin And Non-Traditional Trade Theories, Antoinette Mary James

Doctoral Dissertations

The essays in this dissertation examine the implications of a country's use of the environment for its trade patterns. The first essay provides the foundation for the empirical analysis conducted in the second essay. The first essay examines empirical research in Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory with the intent of establishing the limits of the theory and some reasons for its lack of empirical support. The essay concludes that Heckscher-Ohlin is a specialized theory of trade flows between countries with similar endowments and which are at similar stages of development. The explanation for the poor empirical performance lies in applications of the …

Rapid Hydropyrolysis Of Coals For Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbons, Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Doctoral Dissertations

Production of fuels and chemicals from coal is becoming attractive due to potential high cost and uncertain supply of crude petroleum oil. Conventional techniques of coal liquefaction, though technically feasible, have been expensive due to hydrogen requirements, high pressure equipment, and high cost of commercial supported catalysts.

In this study, a novel technique for rapid hydropyrolysis of bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals has been investigated. Rapid hydropyrolysis is the process of heating at a fast rate to high temperature in a hydrogen environment. A coal sample in hydrogen atmosphere is targeted, in the absence of a catalyst, with a high …

Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Grids For The Structural Reinforcement Of Concrete Beams, Joseph Robert Yost

Doctoral Dissertations

The research presented in this dissertation evaluates the performance of simply supported concrete beams reinforced with a 2 dimensional Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) grid. The non-corrosive, high strength properties characteristic of FRP materials make them a desirable structural reinforcement for concrete in environments where high concentrations of chloride ions are present.

The FRP grid under investigation is called NEFMAC and it is manufactured by Turay Industries of Tokyo Japan. NEFMAC is dimensionally fabricated as orthogonally intersecting longitudinal and transverse bars. The bars are continuous at the intersection points and, as such, there exists no preferred or strong direction within the …