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Essays On Spatial Analysis Of Foreign Direct Investment And Economic Growth Determinants In Developing Countries, Uwaoma George Nwaogu

Dissertations

This dissertation uses spatial econometric technique to investigate the role of spatial interdependence/third-country effects on Multinational Enterprises (MNE’s) for affiliate location choice, spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) determinants, and the economic growth of developing countries. Unlike non-spatial models, the advantage of spatial econometric models lies in their ability to capture cross-country interdependence and spillover effects of explanatory variables.

The first essay employs a spatial autoregressive model and data on U.S. outbound FDI to investigate whether U.S. FDI into Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) depends on previous U.S. FDI in these regions. Additionally, the study investigates the …

Optical And Electrochemical Properties Of Monolayer Protected Gold Clusters Modified With Fluorophores, Mary Sajini Devadas

Dissertations

My research focused on the synthesis, characterization and the investigation of the optical and electrochemical properties of monolayer-protected quantum-sized gold clusters. Significant research attention was focused on the solution phase optical and electrochemical properties of these clusters. Highly monodisperse Au clusters with different types of ligands were successfully synthesized with sizes varying from 1 nm to 13 nm. These preformed gold clusters were modified with fluorophores and pseudo-rotaxanes for developing better nonlinear optical materials for sensing and biological imaging purposes. We have tried to focus on the interaction of the outer ligand shell, made up of –S-Au-S-Au-S- bonds, with the …

In Their Own Words: The Lived Experiences Of Unemployed African American Men, Kenlana R. Ferguson

Dissertations

Due to staggering unemployment rates, African American men's experience with work in the U.S. has historically received widespread attention in the media and social science literature. Terms such as black male unemployment crisis, puzzle, epidemic and catastrophe have been used to describe the unemployment woes of black. Attempts at explaining why African American men are experiencing such difficulty in the world of work has been undertaken across the disciplines, however much of this work has amounted to nothing more than acknowledgement that isolating independent factors as causes does not suffice and that a more interdisciplinary framework is needed if we …

Efficient Reinforcement Learning In Multiple-Agent Systems And Its Application In Cognitive Radio Networks, Jing Zhang

Dissertations

The objective of reinforcement learning in multiple-agent systems is to find an efficient learning method for the agents to behave optimally. Finding Nash equilibrium has become the common learning target for the optimality. However, finding Nash equilibrium is a PPAD (Polynomial Parity Arguments on Directed graphs)-complete problem. The conventional methods can find Nash equilibrium for some special types of Markov games.

This dissertation proposes a new reinforcement learning algorithm to improve the search efficiency and effectiveness for multiple-agent systems. This algorithm is based on the definition of Nash equilibrium and utilizes the greedy and rational features of the agents. When …

Teaching Language To Children With Developmental Disabilities Using Combined Direct Reinforcement And Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing, Brighid Helene Fronapfel-Sonderegger

Dissertations

Several researchers have used stimulus-stimulus pairing (the pairing of speech sounds with established reinforcers) to increase the frequency of specific vocalizations in children with disabilities. However, only a few addressed the utility of stimulus-stimulus pairing to increase functional language, and none combined stimulus-stimulus pairing and direct reinforcement. The present study combined stimulus-stimulus pairing and direct reinforcement to successfully teach 2 to 10 functional mands in 21–49 7-minute sessions with four children with developmental disabilities with low verbal repertoires. Following mand training, two children were taught 10 tacts for pictures using the combined direct reinforcement and stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure in a …

The Perceptual Difference In Roles And Responsibilities Of Special Education Paraprofessionals, Carmen Renee Harris

Dissertations

Based on the researcher's experience as a coordinator of special education, general and special education administrators are challenged with creating, implementing, and supervising special education services addressing the diverse needs of students with disabilities in the general education setting. The researcher has collaborated with principals to review programming options for students with disabilities participating in inclusive general education classrooms and found that often this inclusive programming involves the use of a special education paraprofessional. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to determine if there was a difference in perception between a student's team members (general education teacher, special …

Accelerated Degree Completion Programs: The Effects Of Core Professors In Nontraditional Higher Education, Dale Frederick Gadd

Dissertations

Nontraditional Accelerated Degree Completion Programs (ADCPs) became popular in the 1980s at many private, higher education institutions, and involved cohort groups facilitated by core or major professors. There has been little research addressing the effectiveness of a core-professor or multiple-professor approach within ADCPs, or research on how students view their learning experiences under this unique concept. This study therefore examines: (1) the effects of using a core-professor concept within nontraditional ADCPs, and (2) students' experiences under the core-professor and multiple-professor concepts.

Two sources of data were used, as obtained from students who had been involved in an ADCP program at …

Outcome Evaluation Of The Instant Word Notebook, Adrienne Lynn Bland

Dissertations

The Instant Word Notebook study was a program evaluation completed by two educators who saw a need for an instructional tool to teach and assess Instant Words. In order to address reading deficits of students in first and second grades, teachers were expected to teach Instant Words. Unfortunately, teachers did not have a systematic process to teach and assess Instant Words for mastery. The two educators of this study responded to the teachers’ need for an instructional tool by creating The Instant Word Notebook. The Notebook was used by teachers to teach and assess Instant Words to first and second …

Three Essays On International Banking, Rong Ma

Dissertations

Without question, global financial integration has accelerated in the last two decades. This acceleration is due, in part, to the opening of developing countries' financial markets to foreign banks, prompting many changes to financial systems in developing countries. This dissertation consists of three essays focusing on the impacts and the determinants of international banks' participation in the financial markets of developing countries.

The first essay investigates whether banks with foreign owners are more willing to provide loans in the host country possibly contributing toward greater financial stability for that country. Specifically, I test whether foreign banks' lending behavior is different …

From Crisis To Empowerment: African American Women In Community Colleges, Marcie Anne Bates

Dissertations

Social challenges tear at the fabric of the African American family, revealing complexities that identify a de facto leader, the African American woman. She exists in a chasm of overt circumstances which heavily influences her successes. The purpose of this study is to identify factors that motivated seven female African American community college graduates to persist throughout crisis and to ultimately reach their academic goals and graduate. Using a qualitative narrative design, the study involved semi structured interviews with seven African American women who employed community colleges and other support strategies to accomplish appropriate responses to crises, identify practical support …

The Impact Of Guided Imagery On Sleep Quality In Mothers Of Preterm Infants, Linda M. Schaffer Phd, Mn, Rn

Dissertations

Background: Mothers who have given birth to preterm infants are at an increased risk for impaired sleep. Evidence based interventions are needed to assist mothers in improving their sleep quality as few are available. Purpose: Guided by the transactional framework of Lazarus and Folkman (1984), the purpose of this study was to: describe maternal and infant factors which influence sleep quality, examine the relationships between depression, anxiety, stress, social support, to sleep quality, and describe the influence of a R-GI intervention on sleep quality among a sample of mothers whose preterm babies were admitted to NICU. Methods: This prospective, descriptive, …

Correlation Of Conditional Admittance And Student Achievement In An Undergraduate Higher Education Setting, Joe Parisi

Dissertations

This paper explores several research questions that identify differences between conditionally admitted students and regularly admitted students in terms of achievement results at one institution. The research provides specific variables as well as relationships including historical and comparative aggregate data from 2009 and 2010 that indicate evidence related to student achievement. This paper examined several research questions related to any possible differences between conditional admission and student achievement. This was a quantitative study that provided results indicating that the conditional admit population ended with a first-year overall institutional Grade Point Average in the 70th percentile and the regularly admitted population …

Down Front: Challenges Facing Community College Based Performing Arts Centers, Stephen Bradley Cummins

Dissertations

A number of community colleges have committed significant resources to presenting arts and cultural programming for their communities. These community college based arts organizations face many of the same challenges as other non-profit arts organizations and arts centers located on traditional four-year campuses. However, present research and data considers all centers to be similar and does not take into consideration the unique qualities of community colleges. The purpose of this research study is to first define community college arts presenting and then to identify and explain the challenges facing these arts organizations.

The first stage of the mixed method study …

Change Is Constant: The Ongoing Reengineering Of Senior Administratrion In Community Colleges, Maria H. Coons

Dissertations

Change is typically initiated to improve efficiency and effectiveness or when a new vision is created. Facilitating change within an organization is difficult, particularly when a new leader is appointed. Newly appointed community college presidents almost always reengineer senior administrative leadership upon arriving at their new institutions. What is needed is a change management process that facilitates change while minimizing disruption to the operations, and eases fears among those impacted by the changes. In addition, assessing the effectiveness of the changes is paramount in determining if further modifications are necessary. The purpose of this study was to explore what precipitates …

Strategic Decision Making In Community Colleges: An Exploration Of Issues Relevant To Decision Making To Confer Community College Baccalaureate Degrees, Charles W. Currier

Dissertations

This qualitative case study explores the process community college senior administrators employ when assessing the complex strategic decision to confer community college baccalaureate degrees. Strategic opportunities, such as conferring baccalaureate degrees, occur infrequently thus community college leaders must be prepared to act quickly and judiciously. There is limited information available regarding the method community colleges use in this or any complex decision regarding new strategic opportunities.

Five community colleges which undertook this complex decision were selected from around the country: three that are and two that are not conferring baccalaureate degrees. Purposeful sampling was employed for site selection utilizing maximum …

Reflective Practices In Professional Learning Communities: A Case Study Of The Missouri Professional Learning Communities Project, Mary Ann Burns

Dissertations

ABSTRACT Dewey (1933) provided the foundation for reflective practice in education with the notion that learning is not in the doing, but rather it is in the thinking about the doing that creates learning. Evidence is growing about the importance of reflection for improving teaching and learning practices to increase student achievement (York-Barr, et al., 2006). The professional learning community (PLC) has become the new catchphrase as schools engage in systems-change efforts for school improvement. DuFour, Eaker, and DuFour (2005) call professional learning communities the “most powerful strategy for sustained, substantive school improvement” (p.7). If reflective practice is a means …

Enzyme Therapy In Oncology Care: A Clinical Scholarship Project, Julie Penick

Dissertations

Studies worldwide indicate that oral enzyme therapy (OET) can prevent or reduce the side effects associated with standard oncology care. Yet use of OET is not common in the United States. The ultimate aim of the proposed project is to improve the quality of life of women with breast cancer who are on standard chemotherapy protocols. Achieving this goal can be facilitated by implementation of the proposed feasibility project designed to: (a) enhance the knowledge of oncology care providers and women with breast cancer on use of OET in conjunction with standard oncology care, (b) assess the attitudes of oncology …

Self-Monitoring As A Means To Generalize Social Skills, Deborah Wildman Childs

Dissertations

Social skills are important for success in school as well as in life. Social skills training (SST) has been effective in teaching students required skills within the context of the training site, but often these have not generalized to additional settings (DuPaul & Eckert, 1994). This study researches the effect of adding self-management to an existing training program to determine if it will increase generalization of learned behaviors. Elementary students in a mid-west school were taught social skills in a pull-out program, but those skills did not generalize for many of those students into the classroom or other settings. Five …

First-Year Superintendents‘ Perceptions Of Preparation And Practice, Brady D. Quirk

Dissertations

Through this qualitative study, the perceptions of first-year superintendents in Missouri were obtained regarding their graduate preparation program and the types of supports they sought in their new position. The superintendency is a complex role, requiring the school district leader to work within the often-conflicting framework of organizational manager versus instructional leader. The superintendents, both male and female from districts of varying sizes, were interviewed within this framework in order to make comparisons with the existing related literature. Certain themes emerged from the data, notably, a relationship between district size and the perception of the primary responsibilities of the superintendent. …

The Disconnection Between High School And College: A Study Of Retention Of Students Who Are At Risk Of Leaving College Before Completing A Degree, Peggy R. Sherwin

Dissertations

The number of students graduating high school and entering community colleges academically unprepared has increased. The problem is that they are at risk of leaving before degree completion. The community college in this study requires remedial no credit courses for unprepared students transitioning from high school based on an academic assessment test. There is no follow up once they are placed into the remedial courses. In contrast, non-traditional “returning learners” who test into remedial courses additionally receive follow-up in the form of an orientation workshop, a study skills course, and mentoring. The purpose of the study was to (a) review …

The Challenge Program: A Quantitative Analysis Of Strategies Designed To Eliminate The Achievement Gap, Diane L. Moore

Dissertations

The achievement gap is one of the most daunting challenges educators face in U.S. schools today. Researchers have identified many factors that contribute to the persistence of this gap in public schools. Family backgrounds, cultural environment, and socioeconomic status appear to be the main environmental factors perpetuating the achievement gap. A review of literature also revealed poor quality teachers, ineffective school leadership, course tracking in high schools, and a lack of parental involvement were the main school factors identified. This quantitative study examined one public high school’s effort to reduce the achievement gap between African American students and Caucasian students. …

Exploring The Relationship Between Opportunities For Students To Participate In Community College Intercollegiate Athletics Programs And Their Aspirations To Attend College, Ashley B. Knight

Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the opportunity to participate in community college athletics and students’ aspirations regarding higher education. Students who may not have considered a college education due to a lack of family support, financial resources, or underperformance in secondary education may decide to attend college because of the opportunities to excel in college sports. This interest in sports motivates some student-athletes towards academic accomplishments including completion of a college degree.

This study employed a partially mixed methods approach, which included a survey of community college athletes, focus groups of community college student-athletes, …

Examining The Relationship Between Spirituality And Persistence Of Community College Graduates Who Matriculate To The Baccalaureate Degree Granting Institution, Shawn L. Govan

Dissertations

Community college students, more often than not, face challenges not typical to those of traditional-aged students. They are more likely to attend part-time, tend to be the least academically prepared, more financially challenged, often working, and have a greater likelihood of being single parents. What drives these students to not only graduate from the community college, but go on to continue at four-year institutions? Also, how do these students define, or come to “make meaning” of the force that drives their persistence in higher education?

The purpose of this study examines the relationship between spirituality and persistence of Illinois community …

Cerebral Spasticity Modeled As Disorded Equilibrium Point Control, Darnell Simon

Dissertations

Spasticity is a highly complex phenomenon, which has not been defined in precise and quantifiable terms. Although the muscle stretch reflex is thought to play an important role in spasticity generation, the pathophysiologic basis of spasticity is not completely understood. A valid measure of spasticity is one that is chosen within the context of a theory describing the physiological mechanisms underlying the control of posture and movement in healthy individuals and possible impairments of these mechanisms leading to motor disorders. This research’s goal was to determine the role of stretch reflex threshold in the regulation of impaired motor control through …

Source Localization Via Time Difference Of Arrival, Ciprian Romeo Comsa

Dissertations

Accurate localization of a signal source, based on the signals collected by a number of receiving sensors deployed in the source surrounding area is a problem of interest in various fields. This dissertation aims at exploring different techniques to improve the localization accuracy of non-cooperative sources, i.e., sources for which the specific transmitted symbols and the time of the transmitted signal are unknown to the receiving sensors. With the localization of non-cooperative sources, time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the signals received at pairs of sensors is typically employed.

A two-stage localization method in multipath environments is proposed. During the …

Target Localization In Passive And Active Systems : Performance Bonds, Vlad Mihai Chiriac

Dissertations

The main goal of this dissertation is to improve the understanding and to develop ways to predict the performance of localization techniques as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and of system parameters. To this end, lower bounds on the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) performance are studied. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for coherent passive localization of a near-field source is derived. It is shown through the Cramer-Rao bound that, the coherent localization systems can provide high accuracies in localization, to the order of carrier frequency of the observed signal. High accuracies come to a price of having a highly …

High Rate Space Time Code With Linear Decoding Complexity For Multiple Transmitting Antennas, Amir Laufer

Dissertations

The multipath nature of the wireless channel, results in a superposition of the signals of each path at the receiver. This can lead to either constructive or destructive interference. Strong destructive interference is frequently referred to as deep fade and may result in temporary failure of communication due to the severe drop in the channel's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To avoid this situation, signal diversity might be introduced. When having more than one antenna at the transmitter and / or receiver, forming a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel, spatial diversity can be employed to overcome the fading problem. Space time block codes …

Single And Multiphase Mixing In Partially Filled Stirred Vessels, Shilan Motamedvaziri

Dissertations

In many industrial applications, mixing vessels have a liquid height-to-tank diameter ratio, H/T, equal to, or larger than 1. However, there are many instances where this ratio is lower than 1, as in all those cases in which the vessel is either emptied or filled. Even when H/T<1, sufficient agitation must still be provided in order to attain the desired process objectives. When the impeller submergence is reduced as a result of lowering the liquid level, the fluid dynamics of even a single-phase stirred liquid can become quite complex, with different regimes possibly existing depending on the geometric characteristics of the system (such as impeller clearance, liquid height, or liquid submergence above the impeller). The objectives of this work were to study in detail the hydrodynamic changes that occur when H/T is decreased, and to determine the minimum liquid levels and the critical impeller submergence for different impeller off-bottom distances, impeller diameters and agitation speeds where adequate mixing process can still be achieved, both in a single liquid phase and in solid-liquid suspensions.

Flat-bottomed, baffled vessels (5L, 12L, 20L and 170L) equipped with a single disk turbine (DT) of four different sizes placed at five different impeller off-bottom clearances were used here to study the system's hydrodynamics and related mixing phenomena. A number of experimental tools were used to analyze the systems under investigation, including: …

Influence Of Defects And Impurities On Solar Cell Performance, Vinay Budhraja

Dissertations

Multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells exhibit high impurity content and higher density of crystal defects such as grain boundaries, dislocations, stacking faults and impurity precipitates. Even though the effect of dislocations on mc-Si solar cell performance has been studied, a severe lack of understanding of the quantitative effects of dislocations on cell parameters still exists. Some correlation has been reported under the assumption of a uniform distribution of dislocation density and a negligible effect of front and back surface recombination velocity. This assumption can cause a significant error as the current mc-Si technology provides good surface passivation by SiN:H and …

Wireless Sensor Network For Health Monitoring, Jin Soo Choi

Dissertations

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is becoming a significant enabling technology for a wide variety of applications. Recent advances in WSN have facilitated the realization of pervasive health monitoring for both homecare and hospital environments. Current technological advances in sensors, power-efficient integrated circuits, and wireless communication have allowed the development of miniature, lightweight, low-cost, and smart physiological sensor nodes. These nodes are capable of sensing, processing, and communicating one or more vital signs. Furthermore, they can be used in wireless personal area networks (WPANs) or wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) for health monitoring. Many studies were performed and/or are under way …