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Effects Of Pressure Side Film Cooling Hole Placement And Configuration On Surface Heat Transfer Characteristics Of A Transonic Turbine Squealer Blade Tip, Hallie Collopy Jan 2023

Effects Of Pressure Side Film Cooling Hole Placement And Configuration On Surface Heat Transfer Characteristics Of A Transonic Turbine Squealer Blade Tip, Hallie Collopy

Dissertations

Investigated are the effects of pressure side film cooling hole placement and configuration on the surface heat transfer characteristics of a transonic turbine squealer blade tip. Eight different blade tip arrangements are investigated, which are denoted C1, C2, C3, B1, B2, B3, B4, and 8D. Data are provided which include spatially-resolved and line-averaged distributions of heat transfer coefficient ratio and adiabatic film cooling effectiveness. The SS/TS/WT (supersonic/transonic/wind tunnel) blow down facility is employed with a transonic test section containing a five blade linear cascade. Spatially-resolved surface heat transfer characteristics are measured using transient infrared thermography, and an impulse response transient …

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Understanding Advanced Practice Providers' Personal Factors That Influence Evaluating And Referring For Sleep Disorders In Pediatric And Adolescent Young Adult Cancer Survivors, Lindsay R. Melson Jan 2023

Understanding Advanced Practice Providers' Personal Factors That Influence Evaluating And Referring For Sleep Disorders In Pediatric And Adolescent Young Adult Cancer Survivors, Lindsay R. Melson

Dissertations

Pediatric and adolescent young adult (AYA) cancer survivors disproportionately experience sleep disorders compared to healthy peers. This dissertation examines the facilitators and barriers that influence advanced practice providers' (APPs) ability to evaluate and refer pediatric/AYA hematology oncology cancer survivors to sleep specialists. The first manuscript provides an integrative review of APPs' behaviors in screening for sleep disorders in pediatric/AYA cancer survivors using the Social Cognitive Theory as a guide. The second manuscript defines the concept of sleep disorders in pediatric cancer survivors using the Walker and Avant method. The third manuscript provides a qualitative analysis from interviews with hematology/oncology (heme/onc) …

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A High-Speed Simulation And Cybersecurity Regression Testing Platform For Industrial Control Systems, Shelton Wright Jan 2023

A High-Speed Simulation And Cybersecurity Regression Testing Platform For Industrial Control Systems, Shelton Wright

Dissertations

Modeling and simulation techniques are used extensively in both industry and science. Individual parts of larger systems are typically modeled and simulated using different techniques and tools making it difficult to study the more extensively coupled heterogeneous system. In order to show the vulnerabilities of a physical system to cybersecurity risks, the complex interdependence between the cyber and physical systems must be modeled. This paper discusses the development of a high-speed high-fidelity Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) simulation platform that 1) enables regression testing of both cybersecurity applications and other SCADA applications and 2) enables the creation of data …

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The Influence Of Irrigation On Great Plains Diurnal Circulations And Boundary Layer Convective Rolls, Christopher E. Phillips Jan 2023

The Influence Of Irrigation On Great Plains Diurnal Circulations And Boundary Layer Convective Rolls, Christopher E. Phillips

Dissertations

Agriculture is the most substantial change to the natural land surface made by humans, and irrigation plays a crucial role. Irrigation is utilized for 20% of croplands, and those regions produce 40% of the global food supply. The Great Plains Irrigation Experiment (GRAINEX) deployed to southeast Nebraska during the summer of 2018 to investigate the effects of irrigation on the atmosphere. This dissertation utilizes those observations in conjunction with numerical modeling to determine how irrigation modifies the Great Plains slope wind. Analysis of rawinsondes indicate that irrigation present in upslope regions of the domain weakens the slope wind circulation and …

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Microphysical Examination Of Electrified Snowfall Events Using Goes Abi/Glm And Nu-Wrf, Sebastian S. Harkema Jan 2023

Microphysical Examination Of Electrified Snowfall Events Using Goes Abi/Glm And Nu-Wrf, Sebastian S. Harkema

Dissertations

Much of the research using lightning, satellite, and numerical weather prediction model dataset involves the observation and prediction of warm season convection, whereas studies with regards to winter weather and heavy snowfall are sparse and nearly non-existent for electrified snowfall events. Single channel and multispectral composite satellite imagery were analyzed prior to lightning initiation in snowfall (i.e., thundersnow). Objectively tracked cloud features exhibited similar cloud-top brightness temperature and reflectance value changes – prior to thundersnow initiation – compared to cloud features associated with summertime lightning. Multispectral composite imagery – particularly the day cloud phase distinction – demonstrated consistent color changes …

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Novel Approaches To The Analysis Of Gene Regulation Data, Brian S. Roberts Jan 2023

Novel Approaches To The Analysis Of Gene Regulation Data, Brian S. Roberts

Dissertations

The study of gene regulation is crucial to understanding differentiation, cell specialization, and response to external stimuli observed in multicellular organisms. Genome-scale technologies enabled by high-throughput sequencing have allowed insight into many aspects of gene regulation. However, these techniques produce large, complex data that require the development of computation-based analytical techniques. I present here two analytical techniques that I have created for gene regulation data. First, I describe an approach for the analysis of sequencing-based reporter data that reveals new features of human genetic sequence that generate biased strand transcription even out of genomic context. Next, I present a package …

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Modeling Freely Flying Insects Using A Strongly Coupled High Fidelity Numerical Framework, Jeremy A. Pohly Jan 2023

Modeling Freely Flying Insects Using A Strongly Coupled High Fidelity Numerical Framework, Jeremy A. Pohly

Dissertations

Flying insects, with their remarkable abilities, serve as fascinating sources of inspiration. Deciphering the complex mechanisms that enable monarch butterflies to migrate nearly 80 million times their body length, requires advanced modeling tools. These tools must capture the interplay between non-linear wing aerodynamics, dynamic body responses, and flexible wings, characteristics of the monarch. A novel framework is introduced that tightly integrates these physical phenomena through a dynamic relaxation scheme. The model’s application extends to examining the longitudinal flight of monarch butterflies and the hovering flight of fruit flies, bumblebees, and hawkmoths. A bio-inspired feedback controller ensures stable flight across all …

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Predictors Of Trust Between The Southern Baptist Pastor And Congregation, Jared Thompson Jan 2023

Predictors Of Trust Between The Southern Baptist Pastor And Congregation, Jared Thompson

Dissertations

Trust is at a low point in American life regarding institutions in general but particularly the church. This study examined the relationship between a Southern Baptist pastor and the congregants that he serves. Specifically, a model was proposed in which perceived consistency between words and actions, perceived warmth, and perceived competence predict trust in the pastor from the congregation. To test this model, a quantitative study with a survey design was performed. A survey was created using a combination of instruments for authentic leadership, behavioral integrity, competence, warmth, and trust. The survey was distributed through digital mediums to Southern Baptist …

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Covid Implications For Southeastern States: A Thematic Analysis Of Influences From Leaders And Health Agencies Social Media Platforms, Jennifer Suber Jan 2023

Covid Implications For Southeastern States: A Thematic Analysis Of Influences From Leaders And Health Agencies Social Media Platforms, Jennifer Suber

Dissertations

The problem investigated in this study was the conflicting social media messages between the Office of the President and the two preeminent national health organizations (the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at the U.S. National Institutes of Health) regarding the COVID-19 crisis. The purpose of this study was to explore alignment and disconnect in the social media messaging between the Office of the President and the top two health organizations and subsequent state government decisions around the COVID 19 pandemic in the southeast region of the United States. …

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By Chameleonic Means; "Trust Based" Philanthropic Relationships, "The Business Of Yes," As Experienced By Black Fundraisers, Novien Yarber Jan 2023

By Chameleonic Means; "Trust Based" Philanthropic Relationships, "The Business Of Yes," As Experienced By Black Fundraisers, Novien Yarber

Dissertations

In the wake of society’s reinvigorated consciousness around structural and systemic racism, conversations centering justice, equity, inclusion, access, and cultural diversification are going far beyond political discourse. Contemporary fundraising practices are also challenging antiquated hegemonic ways of philanthropy and are critically examining the practice from within. Among many things, this entails diversifying the historically White-female dominated fundraising workforce. In this, fundraising literature has paid minimal attention to intercultural/cross-racial dynamics as implications of diversification of the fundraiser workforce. Although some research may center fundraisers themselves (relative to their ethical and/or professional standards), this dissertation expands this field of study by offering …

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Method Development For The Quantification Of Heavy Metals In Biological Matrices And Its Application To Clinical And Environmental Samples, Michelle Catherine Gende Jan 2023

Method Development For The Quantification Of Heavy Metals In Biological Matrices And Its Application To Clinical And Environmental Samples, Michelle Catherine Gende

Dissertations

A three-fold approach was taken to develop a method for the detection of heavy metals in different matrices and had to be performed sequentially. The first was to develop a method capable of quantifying lead in complex matrices by graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA). The developed method needed to meet specific analytical requirements, namely, to be robust, sensitive, and accurate. Initially, four different sample preparation methods were explored for the quantification of lead using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a sample matrix. The sample preparation procedures attempted were acidic dilution, matrix modification, conventional heating digestion, and microwave assisted acid digestion …

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Reconstructing The Kantian Ends Of Reason: Holiness Analytically Entailing Beatitude In An Eternal Highest Good, Anthony Gudwien Jan 2023

Reconstructing The Kantian Ends Of Reason: Holiness Analytically Entailing Beatitude In An Eternal Highest Good, Anthony Gudwien

Dissertations

This dissertation argues that an eternal highest good is the final end of sensible, rational agents. This final end occurs in a noumenal world – what I have labelled World Four – that has holiness analytically entailing beatitude. However, before meritorious moral agents are incorporated into this final noumenal world, they will exist in three prior worlds. World One is our current phenomenal world where sensible, rational agents can adopt a maxim to resolutely pursue holiness. World Two, which is made possible by the immortal soul postulate, is where sensible, rational agents continue their resolute pursuit in order to become …

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Airborne Passive Microwave Geophysical Retrievals And Applications In Assessing Environmental And Aerosol Impacts On Maritime Convection, Corey G. Amiot Jan 2023

Airborne Passive Microwave Geophysical Retrievals And Applications In Assessing Environmental And Aerosol Impacts On Maritime Convection, Corey G. Amiot

Dissertations

Improvements to NASA’s Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) have yielded physically realistic brightness temperatures (Tb) from the Olympic Mountains Experiment / Radar Definition Experiment (OLYMPEX/RADEX) and Cloud, Aerosol and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex). Multi-linear regression equations, developed to retrieve integrated cloud liquid water (CLW), water vapor (WV), and 10-m wind speed (WS), were tested using simulations, deconvolved AMPR Tb from OLYMPEX/RADEX, independent retrievals, and in situ data. Simulated retrievals yielded average CLW, WV, and WS root-mean-square deviations (RMSD) of 0.11 kg m-2, 1.28 kg m-2, and 1.11 m s-1 …

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Reliable And Energy-Efficient 3d Nand Flash Storage System Design Using Run-Time Device And System Interaction, Md Raquibuzzaman Jan 2023

Reliable And Energy-Efficient 3d Nand Flash Storage System Design Using Run-Time Device And System Interaction, Md Raquibuzzaman

Dissertations

NAND Flash memory is a non-volatile solid-state data storage technology widely used in electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, digital cameras, USB drives, solid-state drives (SSDs), autonomous vehicles, space applications, and data centers. NAND Flash memory-based SSDs are increasingly replacing the hard-disk drives (HDD) due to their high-density memory storage, low latency, low power consumption, and light weight. The NAND Flash memory has evolved from its planer 2D architecture to its contemporary 3D vertical layer architecture to meet the exponential storage demand. However, the 3D NAND architecture poses new reliability challenges, such as big block management, poly-Si-related read instability, …

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Design Of Secure, Low-Power Internet Of Medical Things With Precise Time Synchronization, Steven C. Puckett Jan 2023

Design Of Secure, Low-Power Internet Of Medical Things With Precise Time Synchronization, Steven C. Puckett

Dissertations

With the emerging worldwide aging crisis, low power, secure health monitoring becomes increasingly important. Internet of Things (IoT) technology is revolutionizing many application fields, creating a new opportunity: Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). The main IoMT issues include security, energy efficiency, and time synchronization. This study evaluates the IoMT design space, security weaknesses of IoMT systems, and methods of synchronization of distributed IoT sensors. The researcher presents an analysis of the design space of IoMT controllers in Espressif ESP-32 family of microcontrollers and the development, implementation, and evaluation of the ecoSync: a time-synchronization algorithm for IoMT devices on standard Wi-Fi …

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Joint Sonar And Communication (Soncomm) System Using Solvable Chaos, Tamseel Mahmood Syed Jan 2023

Joint Sonar And Communication (Soncomm) System Using Solvable Chaos, Tamseel Mahmood Syed

Dissertations

An ever increasing number of actively interconnected wireless devices tend to exert congestion on the naturally limited resources provided by the electromagnetic spectrum. This fact imposes a significant engineering challenge on efficient utilization of communication channels. One method to lessen the stringency of the spectrum access is to combine functionality of wireless applications via jointly operational (multi-purpose) waveforms. Solvable chaos was previously shown to have inherent detection benefits when used independently in practical demonstrations of either acoustic ranging or communication. This dissertation focuses on the design of a joint sonar-communication (SonComm) system via solvable chaotic waveforms. First, individual hardware demonstrations …

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Bioimpedance-Based Real-Time Wearable Physiological Monitoring, Robert Joseph Mathews Jan 2023

Bioimpedance-Based Real-Time Wearable Physiological Monitoring, Robert Joseph Mathews

Dissertations

Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases account for nearly forty percent of worldwide deaths. A critical factor in preventing these deaths is early detection, treatment, and monitoring of the diseases. Remote patient monitoring coincides with significant advances in integrated circuit technology resulting in greater performance and lower power consumption. In this work, novel monitoring configurations and frequency excitations are assessed across ten subjects to evaluate their suitability for monitoring cardiac and respiratory activity. A custom bioimpedance controller board was fabricated and integrated into the existing UAH euHy board. In the pilot experiment, the average inter-beat interval (IBI) derived from bioimpedance compared with …

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Spectral And Radiometric Calibration And Atmospheric Modeling For Sounding Rockets, Nicolas Gene Donders Jan 2023

Spectral And Radiometric Calibration And Atmospheric Modeling For Sounding Rockets, Nicolas Gene Donders

Dissertations

Sounding rocket telescopes are demonstration test beds for novel science capabilities. These programs explore cutting-edge solar physics around the globe, leading to missions aboard satellites and orbital labs. My research with the sounding rocket team at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) involved various experimental efforts in the lab alongside computer modeling of spectroscopic signals. This dissertation focuses on the Full-Sun Ultraviolet Rocket SpecTrograph (FURST), which is led by a team at Montana State University (MSU) and will deliver spectroscopic observations over a range of 120-181 nm. FURST aims to provide full-disk data at a similar spectral resolution to Hubble (R …

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Identification Of Satellite Observed Lightning And Precipitation Markers Throughout Tropical Cyclone Evolution, Lena V. Heuscher Jan 2023

Identification Of Satellite Observed Lightning And Precipitation Markers Throughout Tropical Cyclone Evolution, Lena V. Heuscher

Dissertations

This study creates a new and unique merged satellite dataset, with data sources including matched Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) and low-earth orbiting Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission observations. Crafting and iterative analysis of the dataset resulted in a reprocessing of the GPM precipitation feature (PF) database, significant due to use by a broad segment of the science community. The new dataset is used to examine characteristics of mid-/high latitude deep convection as compared to the tropics, and significantly, provide new integrated observations of convective evolution throughout the tropical cyclone (TC) lifecycle to include post-tropical cyclone (PTC) phases. The combined datasets …

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Propagation Of Laguerre-Gaussian Laser Beams Through Heat-Induced Optical Turbulence, Samantha Jo Gregory Jan 2023

Propagation Of Laguerre-Gaussian Laser Beams Through Heat-Induced Optical Turbulence, Samantha Jo Gregory

Dissertations

Low order Laguerre-Gaussian beams have been produced (from the Hermite-Gaussian profile emitted by a Helium-Neon laser) in the UAH Turbulence Lab. Both collimated and converging beams propagate a free space path (with and without turbulence) of 164m in the current experimental arrangement. Experimental data showing the relationship between the spatial coherence radius of a lowest order Gaussian beam and the Fried parameter has been verified. Data supporting a new relationship between the low order Laguerre-Gaussian spatial coherence radius (now defined as the ouroboros radius) and the Fried parameter has been collected and analyzed. The index of refraction structure constant values …

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An Assessment Of Actual Evapotranspiration And Soil Moisture Functions Based On Local-Scale Data In Alabama, Lisa Lugo Kuzy Jan 2023

An Assessment Of Actual Evapotranspiration And Soil Moisture Functions Based On Local-Scale Data In Alabama, Lisa Lugo Kuzy

Dissertations

Large-scale models and remote technology are widely used for the estimation of the energy budget at a global scale. The interaction of energy fluxes and soil water at the vegetation root zone is the driving force that controls the evapotranspiration process. Although the importance of soil moisture, it can only be measured at a point scale, given the great heterogeneity of soil profile. Large-scale models struggle to capture the spatial heterogeneity of soils, and remote sensing can only observe the surface level soil moisture, omitting the root zone. Studies have shown evapotranspiration estimates (specifically from Remote Sensing) and can provide …

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Extending Machine Learning Of Cyberattack Strategies With Continuous Transition Rates, Edwin Michael Bearss Jan 2023

Extending Machine Learning Of Cyberattack Strategies With Continuous Transition Rates, Edwin Michael Bearss

Dissertations

Cyberattacks are a growing threat to organizations of all sizes and industries. By better understanding these attacks, better ways to defend against them can be developed. Petri Nets with Players, Strategies, and Costs (PNPSC) is an extension of Petri nets specifically designed to model cyberattacks. The PNPSC formalism includes a representation of the strategies used by the competing players, i.e., attacker and defender, to achieve their goals. This formalism has been the basis for a long-running research program consisting of several interconnected research projects. Projects within that program include automatically generating PNPSC nets from the MITRE Common Attack Pattern Enumeration …

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An Empirical Evaluation Of The Baldrige Performance Excellence Program Framework Using Applicant Data, Jonathan B. Hill Jan 2023

An Empirical Evaluation Of The Baldrige Performance Excellence Program Framework Using Applicant Data, Jonathan B. Hill

Dissertations

Over the 30+ years of its existence, the Baldrige Performance Excellence Program (originally known as the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Program) has sought to define the basis for high performing organizations. The Baldrige framework has evolved since its inception in 1988. The purpose of this study was to empirically assess the existing Baldrige framework to determine its validity in context of its continuing evolution (Research Objective 1). Specifically, this research attempted to empirically validate the causal relationships suggested by the framework (Research Objective 2) and determine which criteria items are more important (Research Objective 3). The use of recent, …

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Exploring Moral Distress Among Nurse Leaders, Preston H. Miller Jan 2023

Exploring Moral Distress Among Nurse Leaders, Preston H. Miller

Dissertations

Moral distress (MD) occurs when an individual knows the ethically correct action to take in a situation but institutional constraints prevent the individual from acting. MD is a well-documented phenomenon among nurses and occurs at a high frequency in the critical care setting. When MD is not adequately addressed and actions are not taken to mitigate precipitating factors within an organization, moral injury, moral residue, and burnout may consequentially result in nurses leaving their role or the profession. Nurse leaders are positioned to exemplify ethical leadership and provide support for their staff when MD is experienced; however, nurse leaders experience …

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Atmospheric New Particle Formation In Biogenic And Urban Environments, Lee Tiszenkel Jan 2023

Atmospheric New Particle Formation In Biogenic And Urban Environments, Lee Tiszenkel

Dissertations

New particle formation (NPF) is a process that impacts climate, air quality and human health. NPF occurs in a diverse range of environments, initiated by a variety of different chemical precursors in the atmosphere, including anthropogenic pollutants and organic compounds emitted by vegetation. In highly populated urban areas, newly formed particles can be scavenged during their initial steps of formation by coagulation with pre-existing particles. Thus, NPF must occur rapidly to explain observed NPF events in polluted urban environments. The presence of reduced nitrogen compounds such as ammonia and amines is key to these formation processes. These compounds have a …

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Gamma-Ray Mission And Instrumentation Design For Cubesats, Jared E. Fuchs Jan 2023

Gamma-Ray Mission And Instrumentation Design For Cubesats, Jared E. Fuchs

Dissertations

The application of small satellites, commonly called CubeSats, has ushered in a new area of research focused on enabling small form factors for scientific exploration. In this dissertation, two contributions to the design of instrumentation and mission approaches are discussed, aimed at the study of gamma-ray emission from Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) and Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs). The work supports two projects: the Terrestrial Rays Analysis and Detection (TRYAD) and the Alabama Burst Energetics Explore (ABEX). TRYAD is a 6U CubeSat designed to study TGFs using multipoint measurements of their gamma-ray emission from orbit. ABEX is a 12U CubeSat to study …

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Measurements Of Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes, Gamma-Ray Glows, And A Direct Lightning Strike From Eight Flights Of The High Energy Lightning Emission Network (Helen), Christopher Helmerich Jan 2023

Measurements Of Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes, Gamma-Ray Glows, And A Direct Lightning Strike From Eight Flights Of The High Energy Lightning Emission Network (Helen), Christopher Helmerich

Dissertations

The High Energy Lightning Emission Network (HELEN) campaign involved 8 balloon flights into thunderstorm environments to measure high-energy radiation phenomena like gamma-ray glows and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs). Multiple flights detected elevated radiation levels providing evidence for theories on gamma-ray glow generation. Flight 7 measured multiple TGFs coincident spatially and temporally with lightning strikes, supporting theories of TGF origins in lightning leaders and/or return strokes. The same flight also sustained a direct lightning strike, enabling first-of-its-kind energetic radiation measurements during the propagation of the lightning strike. Radiation production was evident in both stepped leaders and return strokes, with higher flux …

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Eye Tracking Technologies To Analyze And Visualize The Behavior Of Secure Coders, Daniel Kyle Davis Jan 2023

Eye Tracking Technologies To Analyze And Visualize The Behavior Of Secure Coders, Daniel Kyle Davis

Dissertations

Secure coders' experiences and their proficiency vary greatly, and any overlooked software security flaws in code can lead to costly repercussions in deployed software applications. The techniques that secure coders utilize to analyze source code and develop mitigation strategies for security flaws are not well understood. Gaining a proper understanding of how coders approach finding and mitigating security flaws can help us efficiently and accurately discover and resolve such issues. One potentially beneficial technique is to collect, analyze, and visualize eye gazes that capture their coding patterns and behaviors. Our systematic literature survey focused on published methods for multiple types …

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The Vulnerability Through Cyberattacks Related To Technological Differences Between Centralized, Server-Based And Ethereum Based Smart Home Systems, Friederike Johanna Haberl Jan 2023

The Vulnerability Through Cyberattacks Related To Technological Differences Between Centralized, Server-Based And Ethereum Based Smart Home Systems, Friederike Johanna Haberl

Dissertations

Many people use the digital support of smart home systems to improve their homes' comfort, security, and efficiency (Komninos et al., 2011). However, with the growing number of users comes an increasing number of security challenges that must be addressed (Albany et al., 2022). To mitigate these concerns, the smart home industry is exploring new technologies beyond the traditional centralized server model. One promising technology is the Ethereum blockchain, a distributed database technology. However, it is unclear which concrete security advantages the use of this technology offers in the smart home area. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to …

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Never Too Young: The Existence, Impact, And Sustainability Of Ethnic Studies In Elementary School, Angela R. Guzmán Jan 2023

Never Too Young: The Existence, Impact, And Sustainability Of Ethnic Studies In Elementary School, Angela R. Guzmán

Dissertations

Ethnic Studies has existed in higher education for more than fifty years. In high school, critical education researchers have recognized Ethnic Studies as vital to improving attendance, lowering suspension rates, and boosting GPAs for BIPOC students. This has given rise to the recent K-12 Ethnic Studies model curriculum adoption by the State Board of Education, and the signing of Assembly Bill 101, making California the first state to require that all high school students complete a semester-long course in Ethnic Studies. Regrettably, Ethnic Studies continues to be mostly limited to higher education and grades 9-12 in public schools despite research …

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