Digital Commons Network^™

5g Core Redundancy From Evolved Packet Core, Subrata Mukherjee, Irfan Ali, Ravi Shekhar

Defensive Publications Series

Presented herein is a technique to provide Fifth Generation (5G) core (5GC) redundancy from a Fourth Generation (4G) Evolved Packet Core (EPC). In particular, for a 4G-5G interworking scenario, if a Session Management Function (SMF) set is implemented, the technique presented herein provides that an initial combined SMF and control plane Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (PGW-C) [referred to herein as SMF+PGW-C] can provide to a Serving Gateway (SGW), at session creation time, address information of all the SMF+PGW-Cs belonging to the same SMF set. The SGW can use the address information to facilitate failover to an alternate SMF+PGW-C belonging …

Audio Selftest For Automated Fault Detection In Meeting Room Hardware, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Meeting rooms are important for team collaboration and tend to have a high occupancy rate. It is important to detect and repair malfunction of meeting room hardware that is used to conduct video conferences. This disclosure describes audio selftest techniques that can automatically detect faults and enable preemptively fixing the detected faults to ensure that each meeting room meets a minimum set of quality standards. The audio selftest includes playing back sounds through in-room speakers and detecting the sounds via in-room microphones. Common problems such as disconnected or broken speakers/ microphones, swapped microphones or microphone arrays, miswired microphones, etc. can …

The Branton Engine , Aircraft, Jet, Space, Peter Branton

Defensive Publications Series

The Branton engine is primarily an engine designed for aircraft/ space shuttles. Although it can be applied to other forms of transport given the correct design. This engine resembles partly a jet turbine in the sense it has an air intake that compresses normal air to be mixed with fuel, combusted then released through a rear cone. In a standard turbine the thrust turns a rear fan, the rear fan is directly connected to the front fan. This method requires using a percentage of the thrust force to maintain the rotation of the front fan. The Branton engine uses the …

Incorporating Device Context In Natural Language Understanding, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) models are used to recognize user commands or queries in products such as smartphones, smart speakers/displays, and other products that enable speech interaction. Automatic speech recognition is a complex problem that requires correct processing of the acoustic and semantic signals from the voice input. Natural language understanding (NLU) systems sometimes fail to correctly interpret utterances that are associated with multiple possible intents. Per techniques described herein, device context features such as the identity of the foreground application and other information is utilized to disambiguate intent for a voice query. Incorporating device context as input to NLU …

Protecting Authentic Entities On Social Media From Impostors, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Social media and other online platforms are frequently confronted with the problem of impostor accounts, e.g., individuals posing to be someone else on the platform. A conventional approach to identifying impersonators is to use a seed-set of verified and protected entities to perform a search in the social-media graph to discover other entities that are similar enough to a verified entity to potentially be impersonators of the verified entity. However, many platforms often do not have a list of verified entities available a priori. This disclosure describes the use of machine-learning techniques to detect impostors on social media and other …

Reconstructing Deconvolved Mass Spectra, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes reconstructing a mass spectrum from a deconvolved mass spectrum.

Rf Shield Pick Bridge, Larry Eich, Sann Naing

Defensive Publications Series

RF shields are used to contain the radio waves. The shields prevent waves from escaping the source and prevents the source from interacting or disrupting other frequencies in the proximity. A pick structure is generally designed within the perimeter in the static or fixed part of the RF shield with consideration of electronic components on the PCB, thermal heat spreader, mechanical fasteners, etc.

The purpose of the pick structure is to provide and support a pick region during SMT operation. The RF shield fences are picked from the center of gravity of the fence, using the frame of the fence …

Block Acknowledgement Mechanism For Speeding Up Node-To-Node Traffic In Low-Power And Lossy Networks, Lele Zhang, Chuanwei Li, Ling Wei, Wenjia Wu

Defensive Publications Series

The Wireless Smart Utility Network (Wi-SUN) Alliance promotes interoperability for large scale wireless mesh networks (WMNs). Such Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) are widely used in industrial Internet of Things (IoT) settings. In order to improve throughput in node-to-node (N2N) communications for Wi-SUN based wireless nodes, techniques are presented herein that support the addition of a Block Acknowledgement (BA) mechanism to the Wi-SUN protocol. Such a mechanism may, among other things, eliminate a significant acknowledgement (ACK) confirmation overhead when a pair of nodes are using an Extended Directional Frame Exchange (EDFE) mode or an Adaptive Modulation (AM) mode to overcome …

Dynamic Power Index Adjustment Based On Battery Level, Chien-Hsien Lee, Wei-Ning Huang, Po-Han Lin

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes techniques for dynamic adjustment of output power index of a wireless remote controller device based on a detected battery level of the device. The battery voltage level of the device is periodically measured. When the level falls below a predetermined threshold, the output power index is adjusted to ensure that the total transmit power from the controller device lies within a specified range. Dynamic adjustment of transmit power via the power index adjustment enables the controller device to have a transmit power that lies between the power spectral distribution (PSD) target and the PSD limit (maximum) over …

Novel Data Aggregation In Low-Power And Lossy Networks, Li Zhao, Pascal Thubert, Lele Zhang, Chuanwei Li

Defensive Publications Series

With the continued growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) different types of Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) have emerged. Such networks may face a number of challenges including, for example, link bottlenecks. To address these challenges techniques are presented herein that support a new method of aggregating data packets in a LLN without incurring a performance decrease. Aspects of the techniques presented herein leverage fragmenting of aggregated data packets (to avoid instances of a larger frame being dropped) and enhance the Media Access Control (MAC) layer (so that frames are grouped with just a single acknowledgement for all of …

Detecting Suboptimal Usb Connections And Informing A User About It, Armijn Hemel

Defensive Publications Series

There are different hardware standards that share the same physical connectors and are backwards compatible. Examples are USB 1.1, USB 2.0 and USB 3.0. The different hardware standards specify different speeds per profile and different maximum speeds. Plugging a fast device into a port that only supports older standards will mean that the slower speed of the older standard will be used which could lead to a decrease in hardware performance and a suboptimal user experience. By informing the user if he/she makes a suboptimal choice in connecting devices to a computer, the performance of the devices, as well as …

Utilizing In-Vehicle Computing Devices To Exchange Information During A Traffic Stop, Michael Angermann, Tajinder Gadh

Defensive Publications Series

This publication describes techniques directed at utilizing in-vehicle computing devices to facilitate an electronic traffic stop process that enables the electronic exchange of information between a police officer and a vehicle operator. This electronic exchange of information facilitates safer and less-stressful interactions during traffic stops. The information exchanged through this process includes, but is not limited to, copies of the operator’s driver’s license, vehicle registration, and proof of insurance. By exchanging the information electronically, a police officer can perform their initial investigation without approaching the vehicle on foot.

Utilizing The Linux Userfaultfd System Call In A Compaction Phase Of A Garbage Collection Process, Lokesh Gidra, Hans-J. Boehm, Joel Fernandes

Defensive Publications Series

This publication describes techniques for utilizing the Linux userfaultfd system call in a garbage collection process performed concurrently with the execution of application threads (mutators) in a software application. During the garbage collection process, a stop-the-world pause occurs where currently mapped physical pages of a heap are moved to a temporary location (e.g., temp-space) and a new memory range of the heap is registered with userfaultfd. During a concurrent compaction phase of the garbage collection process, if a mutator accesses an area (e.g., a to-space page) in the heap that has not yet been processed …

Smart Content Composer, Hsing-Sheng Lin, Iwei Lin

Defensive Publications Series

This paper describes techniques related to a smart content composer that may be implemented on a client media player/platform and/or a content distribution platform. The smart composer creates a superior viewing experience to watch any content on any type of display device, even when the aspect ratios of the generated content and the display device are different, such that the original aspect ratio of the generated content is maintained for display in one or more identified fields of view on any given display device. In addition, the smart composer may be enabled to create a tailored and potentially new content …

Efficient Utilization Of Bare Metal Cores With Dynamic Monitoring And Calibration, Chase Wolfinger, Bhavik Adhvaryu, Matt Seashore, Kashyap Kodanda Ram Kambhatla, Ian Wells

Defensive Publications Series

In existing cloud environments it is not possible to mix, on the same server at the same time, workloads that use part of a processor core, or that use cores on a best-effort basis, with workloads that must both be assigned to a single core and have that core dedicated to their use (i.e., nothing else runs on the core). To address these challenges and inefficiencies, techniques are presented herein that support a division of resources in a way that they can then be appropriately assigned to workloads. One logical pool of cores may be assigned for workloads requiring shared …

Iterative Generation Of Code Samples, Yu-Han Liu

Defensive Publications Series

Owing to an abundance of software libraries originating from a wide range of application programming interface (API) design patterns, developers who use the libraries need to spend substantial time and effort reading reference documentation and implementing experimental code before they can start writing and testing production code. This disclosure describes a framework to automate the creation, from software libraries, of high-quality, highly readable code samples with low maintenance and improvement cost.

Category-Based Resource Match Visualization, Morihiro Ryu

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes visualization techniques for monitoring of resource availability and pending work items (resource needs) across categories in an enterprise environment such as a customer support center. Per techniques of this disclosure, a user can visualize pending work items and available agent resources by drilling down to a desired level of specificity based on categories of the work items and agent resources. A dashboard is provided that includes a display of pending work items, agent availability, and selectable buttons that enable a user to view data at different levels of granularity. The user can select buttons associated with subcategories …

Improving Automatic Speech Recognition By Co-Embedding Voice Queries And Voice Query Refinements, Sukhdeep Sodhi, Ankit Kumar, Sarvjeet Singh, Tameen Khan, Ajit Apte, Ayooluwakunmi Jeje

Defensive Publications Series

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) models are used to recognize voice commands or queries from users in hardware products such as smartphones, smart speakers/displays, as well as applications that enable speech interaction, e.g., virtual assistant applications. However, the query abandonment rates for voice queries continue to be much higher than text queries which is often due to incorrect interpretation of the spoken query. This disclosure describes techniques to improve the performance of recognition of spoken queries by combining user specific phonetic variations and session specific contextual signals, obtained with specific user permission.

Secure Multiparty Computation For Private Measurement Of Advertising Lift, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Data sharing between multiple parties, e.g., advertisers and publishers, may be restricted owing to technical limitations as well as compliance with regulation related to data privacy. This can limit computation of certain parameters, e.g., the effectiveness of an online advertisement as published by a publisher. This disclosure describes mechanisms to enable privacy-compliant measurement without data sharing between multiple parties. The described techniques enable a publisher and an advertiser to use secure multi-party Computation (MPC) to compute an aggregate result on two joint datasets without either party revealing their private inputs. The described techniques can be implemented using virtual private cloud …

Untethered Desense Testing Of Radio-Frequency Devices, Ethan Lee, Rex Gu

Defensive Publications Series

An electronic device, e.g., laptop, etc., in radio-frequency communication with another electronic device can lose receiver sensitivity when certain components turn on. This is because electrical switching activity in the components can result in electromagnetic interference. Traditional methods of measuring receiver desensitization tether the device to a computer that carries out test sequences and logs measurements. However, the presence of the tethering cable itself causes additional electromagnetic interference. This disclosure describes techniques that enable untethered measurement of receiver desensitization. Per the techniques, an RF tester measures the packet error rate (PER) based on over-the-air acknowledgements received from the device under …

Hardware Security Key With Touch Pattern Recognition, Joseph Albert F. S. Pingenot

Defensive Publications Series

A hardware security key for user authentication on computing devices is described. The security key is responsive to a user touch pattern and includes a set of conductive plates. Based on matching the entered pattern to a preset pattern, the security key transmits a secret to the computing device that enables the user to be authenticated. The pattern can include specific areas of the conductive plates that are touched in a particular sequence and/or a touch dwell time associated with the user touch. An LED can be provided on the security key to provide an indication to the user of …

Contextual Action Recommendations For A Virtual Assistant Based On Gaze Information, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Wearable devices such as augmented reality/mixed reality glasses can detect a user’s gaze and objects that are within a user’s field of view. The devices also include virtual assistant functionality that enables a user to provide commands to a virtual assistant, e.g., via voice, gestures, or other input. This disclosure leverages both these aspects to provide recommended actions to a user based on objects that the user gazes at. Upon detection that the user is gazing at a particular object, recommended actions for the virtual assistant are identified and ranked based on the object and the user’s context. The ranked …

A Dual-Layer, Switchable, Transparent Projection Screen, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Projection displays with transparent screens are a fresh approach that offers enhanced user experiences. However, projection displays suffer from low brightness of reflected light and undesired leakage of transmitted light. This disclosure describes a switchable, dual-layer projection screen that is transparent when off. When turned on, the screen displays a bright, sharp, reflection of the projected image devoid of noisy or background images arising from light leakage.

Automatic Generation Of Training Corpus For Natural Language Processing Tasks, Shruti Gupta, Anmol Gulati, Jayakumar Hoskere

Defensive Publications Series

Machine learning models that perform grammar error correction (GEC) suffer from insufficient training data. This disclosure describes techniques that automatically generate a large corpus of training data for GEC and other natural language processing tasks. With specific user permission, the techniques leverage the edit histories of documents by identifying changes to documents attributable to grammatical corrections by users. The training set for the GEC machine learning model is automatically augmented by sentences known to be ungrammatical (e.g., original text, before revision by user) or grammatical (e.g., text after revision by user), and labeled as such. The techniques enable the provision …

Finding (Partial) Code Clones At Method Level In Binary Java Programs Without Access To Source Code To Detect Copyright Infringements Or Security Issues, Armijn Hemel

Defensive Publications Series

Many Java programs are distributed in binary form without source code being made available. This means that it is a lot harder to do audits of these programs for for example copyright infringement detection or security issue detection. By examining individual class files inside a Java program and comparing these to a database of class files from known programs it is possible to make an educated guess of which programs or program fragments are used in the program, and possibly detect copyright infringements or trojaned versions of programs.

Dynamic Space Partitioning, Reservation, And Player Movement For Concurrent, Non-Linear And Virtual Location-Based Entertainment, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Location-based entertainment (LBE) using virtual reality (VR) is a type of group entertainment that is orchestrated in relatively large spaces, e.g., halls, repurposed malls, etc. LBE for VR typically has carefully-timed, linear, and inflexible content that is designed to rapidly pipeline players through the experience. Players typically have little control via their actions or decisions on the evolution of the game.

This disclosure describes techniques to dynamically partition a physical venue into regions, where regions are locked by players as they move around based on game content. Regions support branching, e.g., non-linear content such as multiple exits per region. The …

Hybrid Lidded Multi-Chip Package, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a hybrid lidded multi-chip package that includes a non-continuous lid that is matched to corresponding thermal requirements of different chips in the package. Per techniques of this disclosure, selected portions of the chip package where cooling requirements can be met when lidded include a lid, whereas portions of the chip package that require additional cooling that may be hampered by a lid do not include a lid. Portions requiring additional cooling utilize the opening in the lid design that enables the chip to be directly in contact with a heat sink (cold plate) and a second thermal …

Three-Dimensional Integration Of Compute Core And I/O In High-Performance Asic, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

In certain ASICs, the input-output (I/O) interfaces, such as high-bandwidth memory (HBM) physical layer (PHY), serdes, etc., occupy substantial area on the die. Validation of I/O interfaces fabricated in recent process nodes, e.g., 3 nm technology, is generally more involved and has corresponding time to market costs. For high-performance ASICs whose compute function is divided amongst cores, communications between an HBM and the core farthest from it can be complex. This disclosure describes techniques to partition the compute cores and the I/O interface into separate dies and to implement these in suitable process nodes which may be different, e.g., compute …

Converging Sessions Or Data Paths On A User Plane, Sanjeev Panem Jaya, Ameo Ghosh, Suyog Belsare, Shailesh Goel, Aaseem Sufi, Dishant Parikh

Defensive Publications Series

As mobile operators look to deploy Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Fifth Generation (5G) services (either standalone (SA) or non-standalone (NSA)) to their subscribers, the process of migrating from Fourth Generation (4G) Evolved Packet Core (EPC) deployments to 5G core (5GC) is going to take time. During such a migration process the principal focus will be on providing higher throughputs and lower data path latency. It is likely that operators will have both EPC and 5GC deployments in their network for some time as they deploy a converged core – ‘ AnyG’ – and roll out nation-wide 5G coverage. This …

Selective Forward Error Correction With Full Duplex Feedback Loop, Pascal Thubert, Eric Levy-Abegnoli, Patrick Wetterwald, Jonas Zaddach

Defensive Publications Series

Numerous techniques exist for detecting and correcting errors that are introduced during the transmission of information (e.g., a data frame) between two pieces of network equipment, including, for example, forward error correction (FEC), cyclic redundancy check (CRC), hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), etc. Use of such techniques carries a cost, often shared between the transmitter and the receiver, comprising increased latency, consumption of bandwidth, the use of computational resources for verification and correction, etc. Techniques are presented herein that support a new method for detecting and correcting errors that leverages a return channel of a bidirectional radio environment to provide …