Digital Commons Network^™

Warpage Control In Semiconductor Packages, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

High-performance cooling solutions that handle high-density electronics work optimally when the semiconductor package is lidless, e.g., when the silicon of the package is exposed to the coolant on the back (or top) side of the package. However, lidless packages suffer from warpage which can lead to device malfunction. This disclosure describes techniques for controlling the warping of semiconductor packages. A scaffolding made of steel (or other suitable material) is mechanically affixed to a stiffener ring during fabrication to ensure stiffness of the package. Alternatively, the package is pre-bent at room temperature such that it flattens at operating temperature. The scaffolding …

Cushioning Material For Packaging Electronics, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a packaging cushion constructed from polyethylene foam that is resistant to atmospheric pressure changes. The cushion is assembled from polyethylene foam tubes that act as a buffer and provide a cushioning effect for package contents due to an air cushion (suspension) within the tube and damping from the polyethylene foam. Since the air cushion is formed within unpressurized foam tubes, the cushion is resistant to ambient pressure changes. A foam layer with suitable openings is utilized to create a lattice like structure from the foam tubes. The cushion can be placed at any side of a package …

Static Source Code Navigation Tool, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a tool for users to navigate software source code. The tool enables users to navigate a sequence of function calls in a customized sequence, maintain a record of functions reviewed and functions still to be reviewed, and record notes associated with each function call. It enables users to maintain track of functions already visited and take notes associated with corresponding code sections. At code branch points and/or points in the code that fork to parallel code paths, users can select any of the available branches/paths to walk through. Based on user selection, a record is maintained of …

Tape Laying Tool For Curved Tape Sections, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

An arc taper tool is described herein that enables a user to easily lay curved sections of tape on a surface. The arc taper includes a swivel rod, a moveable holder to which is attached a pin that can be placed on the floor, and a tape holder that can hold a roll of tape. The tape holder is designed to accommodate tape rolls of various sizes and can be moved along the rod to adjust the arc radius. A wheel is attached to the tape holder to apply pressure to the tape after it has been laid on the …

Recommending Optimal Cloud Location For Workload Deployment, Mehmet Ozkan

Defensive Publications Series

Edge computing is a technique by which cloud service providers (CSP) deploy their services to the edge of the network, closer to end users. Edge computing offloads substantial amounts of traffic from centralized cloud data centers and reduces latency. Unlike traditional cloud computing, which has only a handful of data centers that a CSP customer has to select from, edge computing entails tens of thousands of data centers and therefore, it is nontrivial to select the cloud data centers for an application to be deployed at. This disclosure describes techniques to predict optimal locations of a cloud resource based on …

Automation Compatible Multiple Form-Factor Screwless Storage Drive Sled, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

Storage servers use shelves, known as sleds, to secure hard drives in place. Sleds frequently include screws or more complicated latching mechanisms to grip storage drives. Such latching mechanisms can be tricky and time consuming for a human to operate and difficult to automate. This disclosure describes a storage-server sled that enables the automated loading and unloading of storage drives into server racks without the use of screws, latching mechanisms, or moving parts.

A Statistical Decomposition Based Neural Network For Multivariate Time Series Forecasting, Kenneth C. Lichtendahl Jr., Haoyun Wu, Weijie Shen, Chi Po Choi, Chris Fry

Defensive Publications Series

Machine learning based time series forecasting methods are popular and can match the performance of statistical models, in terms of accuracy, scalability, speed, etc. This disclosure presents techniques that incorporate statistical modeling into a neural network framework. The hybrid time series forecasting model described herein is named Seasonality Trend AutoRegressive Residual Yeo-Johnson power transformation Neural Network (STARRY-N). STARRY-N combines the advantages of residual neural network structure (such as N-BEATS) and explainable statistical forecasting models (such as TBATS). The model utilizes a neural network structure with separate stacks for trend, power transformed trend, seasonality, residual correction, and covariate adoption such as …

Security Classification Based Quic Traffic Steering In A Secure Internet Gateway (Sig), Prashanth Patil, Rajesh I. V, Ram Mohan R

Defensive Publications Series

The Quick User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Internet Connection (QUIC) protocol is slated to become the next (third) major version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) – i.e., HTTP/3. As applications transition to QUIC for web traffic, a Secure Internet Gateway (SIG) needs to effectively load balance, proxy, and classify QUIC traffic. Techniques are presented herein that make use of a custom Connection ID (CID) artifact to allow a load balancer to determine, with minimal processing, a target server, and potentially the application that the QUIC flow is serving, in support of steering traffic to the appropriate upstream services. Additionally, techniques …

Controlling Change Condition (Cc) Triggers At A Granularity Of Online Versus Offline Services, Mukesh Yadav, Ravi Shankar Mantha

Defensive Publications Series

Presented herein are techniques to provide a mobile network operator with the control to enable triggers at a granularity of online versus offline services and, thus, provide for the ability to control reporting based on demand. The techniques presented herein can help to reduce signaling in that, if a requirement of trigger reporting is for online services, an operator can disable such reporting for offline services. Thus, techniques presented herein will help to make the migration from Fourth Generation (4G) to Fifth Generation (5G) easier for mobile network operators without involving large changes for the mobile network charging subsystem.

Mechanism For Achieving Fast Failover Of 5g User Plane Functions Deployed In An N:M Hot-Standby Mode, Sanjeev Panem Jaya, Dhirendra Pant

Defensive Publications Series

Mobile operators prefer deploying user plane functions (UPFs) in an N:M redundancy model due to the resulting cost benefits and operational simplicity. However, N:M deployed UPFs can incur lengthy failover times (resulting in extended service disruptions). Hence, operators usually deploy UPFs using different redundancy models depending upon the service level agreements (SLAs) that are required by different types of services – for example, a 1:1 redundancy model for Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), emergency calls, enterprise services, etc. and a N:M redundancy model for data and internet services. Techniques are presented herein that address these challenges by adopting a …

Maintenance And Power Savings In Large Multiplane Data Center Fabrics, Ramakrishnan Chokkanathapuram Sundaram, Pascal Thubert

Defensive Publications Series

Within a Data Center (DC) environment network upgrades are often challenging and may consume significant amounts of time and network administrator resources. Additionally, DC networks tend to consume large amounts of energy and dissipate considerable amounts of heat that can be challenging to evacuate in densely populated fabrics. To address these challenges techniques are presented herein that support, possibly among other things, the construction of a network model; the use of Machine Learning (ML) to predict low and high load periods and, in low periods, determining the ratio of resources that may be taken offline; updating the equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) …

On Demand Bit Index Explicit Replication Forwarding For Optimized Replication In Iot Networks, Mankamana Mishra, Pascal Thubert, Manmeet Singh, Anuj Budhiraja

Defensive Publications Series

An industrial Internet of Things (IoT) deployment can potentially have thousands of devices. The need to perform, for example, a software upgrade on such devices presents a number of difficulties. While Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) offers a potential solution to some of those difficulties, with respect to low-cost IoT devices, utilizing BIER also presents various challenges. To address these challenges techniques are presented herein that facilitate the on-demand installation and uninstallation of a BIER state for the optimal replication of a multicast flow in support of, for example, software upgrades in an IoT domain, such as Routing Protocol for …

A Method For Iris Liveness Detection Using Passive Light Trigger, Sunpreet Singh Arora, Kim Wagner

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a passive liveness detection method for a camera-based iris biometric system. The method comprising: detecting an initiation of transaction on one of a user device and a payment terminal in supervised/unsupervised payment environments, introducing a passive light trigger to record real-time involuntary biological response of user’s eye when the initiation of transaction is detected, comparing the recorded real-time involuntary biological response of the user’s eye to similar biological response of the user’s eye recorded at the time of enrollment and/or a previous successful transaction by the user stored in a database, and determining if the …

Secure Mobile Payments Without Network Connectivity, Abhijit Bera, Arun Samudrala, Pankaj Gupta, Dilip Padmanabhan, Hemanth Sambrani, Shuo Weng, Wallace Wong

Defensive Publications Series

Mobile payments depend on the availability of internet connectivity, e.g., to enable a centralized service to authenticate a payment. This disclosure describes techniques to enable peer-to-peer mobile payments in the absence of a network. A user has an initial amount, referred to as the balance, that is transferred to their mobile device from a balance provider, e.g., a financial institution. The balance is digitally signed by both the user and the balance provider. To transact in the absence of a network, peer users perform a contactless payment as follows. The receiver of funds verifies the availability of funds by examining …

Smart Bios Setup With User Environment Alignment, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

The current BIOS setup menu Language and Keyboard layout settings are not aligned

or synced with OS environment. This is not user friendly. To design the mechanism with

firmware solution. Through this design to make BIOS setup Language and Keyboard setting

alignment to OS’s settings.

Adaptive Data-Coldness Classification For Solid State Drives, Bin Tan, Narges Shahidi, Ricky Benitez

Defensive Publications Series

In solid-state drives (SSDs), data is not generally updated in place. Rather, data update in SSDs involves garbage collection, in turn facilitated by overprovisioning of storage capacity. Overprovisioning reduces actual available storage capacity. Garbage collection results in write amplification, an undesirable phenomenon where the amount of information physically written is a multiple of the logical amount of information to be written. Write amplification reduces the throughput and the life of the SSD. This disclosure describes techniques to adaptively classify data based on its coldness, e.g., recency and frequency of access, and dynamically allocate overprovisioning rates for each coldness category to …

On-Device Query Caching For Enhancing Zero-Prefix Query Suggestions, Keun Soo Yim, Konhee Cha

Defensive Publications Series

User interfaces (UI) that provide search functionality, e.g., search boxes, virtual assistants, etc. often include mechanisms that provide users with query suggestions within the UI. Query suggestions presented prior to receiving any input from the user are referred to as zero-prefix query suggestions. Zero-prefix query suggestions are typically derived by a ranking algorithm that is based on recently submitted and/or recurrent queries, accessed from a user-permitted server-side query cache. However, resource and operational constraints of a server cache can result in suboptimal zero-prefix query suggestions. This disclosure describes the implementation of a local on-device cache to overcome these limitations and …

Personalized Music Playback Via A Virtual Assistant, Victor Carbune, Matthew Sharifi

Defensive Publications Series

Virtual assistant applications support various commands related to music playback, such as playing specific songs, skipping songs, changing volume, etc. Although the available music-related commands cover operations that provide basic playback control, the commands do not cover personalized music-related operations for individual users, e.g., interpreted based on the user’s current or historical context and relevant data. This disclosure describes techniques that enable users to provide music playback related commands to a virtual assistant that are interpreted in a personalized manner such that the user experience of music playback and of the use of the virtual assistant is enhanced. For example, …

Framework And User Interface For Aggregated Multi-Domain Tasks, Keith Hall, Priya Premkumar, Adhithya Ramakumar

Defensive Publications Series

Task management user interfaces, such as those utilized by merchants that manage storefronts on online retail platforms, are complex and difficult to use. For example, different tasks such as orders, returns/refunds, customer requests, etc. may each be associated with corresponding data and may be managed via different tools and/or user interfaces. The separation of tasks across different domains does not allow users to understand the relative priorities for various tasks. This disclosure describes a templatized generic task definition framework that allows tasks from different domains to be defined in a common format. The common task format includes rich contextual information …

Enabling Repeat Purchases Via A Virtual Assistant, Victor Carbune, Matthew Sharifi

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a virtual assistant that can help users repeat prior purchases made via a shopping app or website. When making a repeat purchase, users expect the product or service to be identical to the previous purchase. Per techniques described herein, the virtual assistant automatically detects and highlights differences between a current order and past purchases of the same product or service prior to the user finalizing the purchase. The interaction between the user and the virtual assistant can take place via any device such as a smartphone, smart speaker, etc. Further, the actual purchase can be completed via …

Self-Organizing Maps For Quality Control, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes using self-organizing maps (SOMs) to perform unsupervised classification of unlabeled training data with a smaller number of labelled training data. A SOM can then be used to perform quality control of analytical instruments such as mass spectrometers.

Secure And Optimized Method Of Providing Trustworthiness For Iot Sensors In Low-Power Wan Deployments, Niranjan M. M, Nagaraj Kenchaiah

Defensive Publications Series

Currently there are multiple ways of verifying the identity and integrity of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors based on, for example, the Trusted Computing Group’s (TCG’s) Guidance for Securing Network Equipment, software-centered approaches such as using a checksum, and using an in-band and out-of-band approaches for integrity validation. In each of these approaches, trustworthiness may be based on limited artifacts. As well, none of these approaches employ quantum resistant secure key exchange methods between a Long Range (LoRa) Wide Area Network (LoRa) (LoRaWAN) Gateway and sensors. To address these challenges techniques are presented herein that apply an attestation method to …

Streamlining Source Code Generation For A Computer Program, Pat Lavarre

Defensive Publications Series

A programming system that turns a simple script provided by a user to perform one or more tasks into the underlying programming language that executes the tasks.

The Branton Engine, Reclaim Energy System., Peter Branton

Defensive Publications Series

The reclaim energy system is targeting the forward edges of the aircraft/ vehicle. At supersonic plus speed

The high amount of air friction on the outside of the aircraft generates heat. This heat in places is of such an amount that it can be used to provide power to the engine. This is done in much the same way as the system within the engine. An amount of water is circulated from the forward edges of the aircraft to be heated to quickly generate steam, this steam is the used to provide a force to turn the front fan of …

Controlling Charging Triggers And/Or Limits At A Rating Group/Service Level For 5g Charging, Mukesh Yadav, Ravi Shankar Mantha

Defensive Publications Series

Presented herein is technique that may provide a mobile network operator with the ability to control all charging triggers and/or limits at a Rating Group (RG) level or at a RG and Service Identity (ID) (RG+ServId) level. Hence, a mobile network operator can leverage the technique presented herein in order to better control bandwidth allocation to services within an RG, when desired.

Nvme Resource Guarantee In A Network Fabric, Rishi Chhibber, Roshan Roshan Lal, Shyam Kapadia, Kamal Bakshi

Defensive Publications Series

As the storage industry transitions towards the principal use of flash memory, a key element of that transition includes Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) and, in particular, NVMe-TCP – i.e., NVMe over Transport Control Protocol (TCP). Techniques are presented herein that support a comprehensive, centralized scheme for provisioning end-to-end NVMe flows through existing data center switches, without requiring substantive changes to switch code, thus providing a flexible and highly visible resource-aware network provisioning solution for NVMe-TCP deployments.

Enhanced Rj45 Connector Design With A Magnetic Element, Jinlin Cai, Todd Tao, Peng Liao

Defensive Publications Series

Widely employed within the world of telecommunications, registered jacks (RJs) are a standardized network interface mechanism. RJ45 connectors, consisting of a RJ45 plug (often referred to as a ‘crystal head’ due to common transparent plastic construction) and a RJ45 jack (sometimes referred to as a cage), are frequently used to interconnect networked computing devices. RJ45 connectors suffer from a number of deficiencies. As just one example, a RJ45 crystal head may (as a result of, possibly among other things, age, repeated use, improper installation, latch damage or weakness, etc.) become loose when it is inserted into a cage, which may …

Dynamic Space Partitioning, Reservation, And Player Movement For Concurrent, Non-Linear And Virtual Location-Based Entertainment, Eric Cosky

Defensive Publications Series

Location-based entertainment (LBE) using virtual reality (VR) is a type of group entertainment that is orchestrated in relatively large spaces, e.g., halls, repurposed malls, etc. LBE for VR typically has carefully-timed, linear, and inflexible content that is designed to rapidly pipeline players through the experience. Players typically have little control via their actions or decisions on the evolution of the game.

This disclosure describes techniques to dynamically partition a physical venue into regions, where regions are locked by players as they move around based on game content. Regions support branching, e.g., non-linear content such as multiple exits per region. The …

Input Method Editor (Ime) Supporting Multiple Hypotheses Approach, Victor Carbune, Matthew Sharifi

Defensive Publications Series

A system is described that enables an input method editor (IME) on a computing device (e.g., a wearable device or a mobile device) that provides multiple hypotheses. There are various different mechanisms for inputting a user’s input on a device, such as touch and swipe typing, voice input, handwriting recognition, camera input, optical character recognition (OCR), etc. The device may enable an IME to process a user’s input and return, to an application, multiple hypotheses in a standardized machine-readable form based on the input. The application may select one of the returned hypotheses to use as final input. By enabling …

The Digitisation Of Food Manufacturing To Reduce Waste – Case Study Of A Ready Meal Factory, Sandeep Jagtap

Defensive Publications Series

Generation of food waste (FW) continues to be a global challenge and high on the political agenda. One of the main reasons for its generation is the absence of detailed data on the amount, timing and reasons for created waste. This paper discusses the design, the application and investigates the Internet of Things (IoT) based FW monitoring system to capture waste data during manufacturing in real-time and make it available to all the stakeholders in a food supply chain (FSC). A case study of ready-meal factory comprises of design and architecture for tracking FW including both hardware and software, its …