Digital Commons Network^™

Aluminum Gallium Water Reactor, Timo Kauppila

Defensive Publications Series

This public disclosure discloses a novel reactor design specifically engineered for the controlled chemical reaction between aluminum and water in the presence of gallium, resulting in the generation of hydrogen gas and aluminum oxide. To address the inherent challenges of gallium-induced corrosion, all reactor components are constructed from non-metallic materials. A central feature of this reactor design is a mechanical stirrer strategically positioned at the core, effectively pushing the gallium towards the reactor's perimeter through centrifugal forces. This motion ensures the continuous and uniform mixing of aluminum, water, and gallium, facilitating the desired chemical reaction. Additionally, a specialized mechanism, represented …

Generating Readable Rtl Using A Language Model, Christopher D. Leary, Paul Rigge

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes the use of a language model to improve the readability of generated Register-Transfer Level (RTL) code. The language model is provided with a prompt that includes generated RTL and (optionally), the original hardware description. The model produces as output a readable version of the RTL. Prompts can be iterated upon automatically, e.g. if the code fails to pass a test (e.g., a lint test) or does not compile, or manually if the user prefers the output to be in a particular style. The readable RTL output by the language model can be subjected to a logic equivalence …

Reinforcement Learning To Improve Coverage In Software Testing, Shu-Wei Cheng

Defensive Publications Series

Automated test procedures to test mobile applications or other software may repeatedly revisit the same user interface screens of the app-under-test in an attempt to improve coverage. Complete traversal of all screens of the app-under-test for regression or exploratory testing invariably takes a long time, is inefficient, and is sometimes ineffective. This disclosure describes a crawler that leverages reinforcement learning (RL) to efficiently traverse the screens of a mobile app-under-test or other software, and to form a spanning tree interconnecting the screens of the mobile app-under-test. In an exploratory phase, newly added parts of the mobile app-under-test are discovered and …

Targeted Software Profiling Based On Static Code Analysis To Detect Small Regressions, Shu-Wei Cheng, Kamakshi Kodur, Anne Stern, Yue Hu, Fei Wang, Zening Li, Oscar Ding, Kevin Culberg, Eugene Krasichkov, Aleph Aseffa, George Lu

Defensive Publications Series

Degradation of performance between different release versions of a software is termed as regression. Traditional reliability testing and benchmarking tools can detect regressions of large magnitudes much more easily compared to those with smaller regression effects. As code changes accumulate over time, the cumulative impact of undetected micro regressions can add up to noticeable negative impact on performance. This disclosure describes techniques for timely detection of micro regressions based on static analysis of code changes in a change request and by targeted dynamic benchmarking. The static analyses can be performed by comparing the AST and/or call graphs of the software …

Automated Runtime Testing To Identify Regression-Causing Features Via Method Tracing, Shu-Wei Cheng, Kamakshi Kodur, Yue Hu, Fei Wang, Zening Li, Oscar Ding, Zhewen Song

Defensive Publications Series

Degradation of performance between different release versions of a software is termed as regression. Establishing the specific feature(s) that cause regression requires time-consuming manual work of sifting through numerous code change requests. This disclosure describes techniques to enable testing for regression in a given software version based on dynamic analysis of traces of end-to-end method-level call stacks of the software at runtime. Iterative automated tests can be set up on real devices to mimic critical user journeys to ensure that the regression testing captures the features of interest during runtime tracing of the call stack. Analysis of the granular method-level …

Secure And Efficient Method To Distribute Flows In Firewall Cluster Deployments, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Techniques are presented herein that incorporate firewall cluster deployments with authenticated distributed HyperLedger to securely store and retrieve the flows, avoiding secure connections, over Cluster Tunnel Link (CTL), required between the cluster nodes for sharing the flow. Presented method provide access to the HyperLedger based on the service registered by the cluster nodes. Aspects of the presented techniques can be extended for sharing the configuration in an efficient and secure way.

Is Limit, Shubham Dubey Visa, Ishani Basu Visa, Surbhi Sharma Visa

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to Installment Solutions (IS limit). Particularly, the present disclosure provides a system and method for splitting the existing card limit of a cardholder into a regular and Installment Solutions (IS limit) and defining plans for IS limit. The method further comprises issuing a virtual sub-PAN for IS limit and push provision to eligible merchant apps; and at the time of checkout, selecting sub-PAN as payment mode by the cardholder, where all transactions under the sub-PAN are aggregated during the billing cycle and split into EMIs based on pre-defined plan.

Secure Payment Authentication That Provides Strong Customer Authentication, Annamalai Muthalagappan, Bill Corsello, Christopher Lin, Cong Li, Derek Shu, Florin Modrea, Habib Sorathia, Hemen Chhatbar, Heng Liu, Jan Czapracki, Jingmin Xie, Karen Langsam Kapila, Karl Cai, Kenneth Tu, Layla Hadinger, Lei Duan, Lucas Petraglia, Lucian Driscu, Matt Mulkeen, Mark Lawley, Meng Deng, Monica Gautier, Raj Govindaraju, Rie Yamaoka, Rocky Meza, Sharon (Xiaoqin) Huang, Shuojing Wang, Stephen John Ratcliffe, Xiaoming Hu, Yinua Wu, Yitian Li, Yong Ni, Dinoop Dayanand, Utkarsh Gautam

Defensive Publications Series

Multi-factor verification steps currently used for authenticating online purchases, e.g., one-time codes sent to a phone, can prove to be a hurdle for some customers. This disclosure describes a strong customer authentication technique, referred to as secure payment authentication (SPA), that enables users to authenticate online transactions using device-bound tokens. Authentication is driven by payment service providers, and a simple device unlock can confirm a transaction. Strong customer authentication is made possible with just a single (or even zero) click. Cross-device authentication can be enabled, such that a customer can authenticate themselves on a payment app on a mobile device …

Dynamic Anode Initialization To Mitigate Luminance Drop, Sangmoo Choi, Kelvin Liu

Defensive Publications Series

In AMOLED displays, the OLED anode is frequently reset to ensure that black regions in the display have low light emission. However, anode resetting has the unwanted side effect of slowing low luminance pixel response. This disclosure describes techniques to maintain the darkness of black regions of AMOLED displays while ensuring rapid pixel response. An anode initialization voltage bias is defined as the voltage at the source terminal of the transistor that effects the resetting of the OLED anode. The anode initialization voltage bias is adapted, or, alternatively, made to electrically float, based on the display brightness level such that …

Cash At E-Commerce: Method For Disbursing Cash To A Cardholder Using An E-Commerce Platform, Lasha Davituliani, Nataliia Usenko, Stanislav Potemkin, Evgeny Kozlov

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a method for disbursing cash to a cardholder using an e-commerce platform. The present disclosure discloses a method of provisioning a user to initiate a transaction by ordering a product or service using an eCommerce application or a website. The user can also request an additional cashback amount along with the ordered product/service during the transaction. After successful authentication of the request, the ordered product/service and the requested cashback amount (i.e., the cash) are delivered to the user.

Wristband With Flexible Battery And Chipset For Wearable Devices, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes straps and bands that include flexible batteries for wearable devices such as smartwatches or headsets. The flexible batteries, e.g., surface mount device (SMD) type batteries, can power chipsets that provide added functionality to the straps and bands. SMD type batteries can be mounted on a flexible PCB to provide power to one or more chipsets also mounted on the flexible PCB. Rigid PCBs and chipset(s) can be mounted on the clasp portion of the wristband, which can also be powered by one or more SMD type batteries. A combination of flexible PCB, rigid PCB, and SMD-type batteries …

Freeze Signaling To Locate Defective Pixels In Display Panels, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

A decoder based addressing mechanism is utilized to uniquely identify a particular set of pixels and to deactivate (freeze) the set of pixels during failure analysis. Based on an input of an address, e.g., a binary address, a particular row and/or column of pixels on the display panel can be stopped from emitting (frozen). The output from the decoder is utilized to modify input(s) received from the pixel drivers. Electrical signals from the pixel drivers are intercepted and combined with signals from the local row/column decoder and then transmitted to the display panel. If a defective pixel is located by …

Enhanced Battery Thermal Management For Mixed Reality Headsets, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a battery pack/module for wearable headsets that includes enhanced thermal features to provide efficient thermal management during operation. Thermal barriers are engineered to provide low through-plane thermal conductivity as well as high in-plane thermal conductivity. The thermal barrier can be attached to one or multiple surfaces of the battery cell, provided as a continuous or partial coating, or be formed into a battery tray or enclosure. Materials used can include polymers or filled polymer composites, polymers, polymers with pores, or composites with pores, and layered composites such as laminates with multiple layers. Materials are selected that have …

Adaptive Notification Delivery For Home Camera Feeds, Steven Guan, Praveen Coppa, Ryan Zhang, Marci Meingast, Daniele Midi, Saajan Shridhar

Defensive Publications Series

Home security cameras generate notifications related to motion detection, person detection, person recognition, etc. when an event and/or person is detected within the camera feed. Detecting motion, attributing it to the presence of a person, and identifying the person require progressively greater amounts of time, and can lead to separate notifications in quick succession. Such notifications interrupt and burden users and can cause them to miss or ignore relevant ones. This disclosure describes techniques that reduce notification volume by introducing user-configurable cascading delays in delivering notifications to provide time for person recognition. For persons who are recognized, users receive a …

Tenant Data Security For Llm Applications In A Multi-Tenancy Environment, Assaf Namer, Jim Miller, Prashant Kulkarni, Hauke Vagts, Jason Bisson, Brandon Maltzman

Defensive Publications Series

Large language models (LLMs) and other types of generative artificial intelligence can be used in a wide variety of business applications. However, there is a possibility of data leakage from LLM responses when an LLM is used in shared multi-tenant environments where each tenant has respective private datasets. Deploying individual adapter layers for each tenant can provide data isolation. However, such implementations can be complex and costly. This disclosure describes techniques to create and maintain a single model that can serve multiple tenants, with security controls for multi-tenancy services to isolate customer data efficiently. Data for different tenants is signed …

Provably Detectable Sequence Generation From Ai Models Via Steganographic Embedding, Aubrey Alston

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes techniques to produce machine-generated content with strong guarantees of detectability. Sequential content is generated by a generative artificial intelligence tool. The inference procedure used to sample content from the model is extended to provide cryptographic guarantees that the content can be detected to be synthetic. The sampling step that occurs during the generation of sequential output from a generative model is augmented with provably secure steganographic techniques. At each generation step where candidate tokens are evaluated for inclusion in the output of the AI tool, tokens that do not satisfy a cryptographically defined condition relative to previous …

Transformer Decoder With Tokenized Image Snapshot For Interactive Augmented Reality, D Shin

Defensive Publications Series

While augmented reality (AR) devices enable users to provide queries via different modalities such as touch, gesture, voice, camera, etc., providing multimodal queries currently requires a user to perform multiple manual steps. This disclosure describes techniques, implemented with user permission, for automatic intelligent multimodal input capture by an AR device to understand user queries by automatically capturing input from additional modalities besides the one that the user uses to provide the query. The initial query (e.g., a spoken query) is decoded, e.g., with a transformer decoder, and if the query indicates an additional modality for input, the decoding is paused, …

Mapping Network Deployments To Best Practices Design Recommendation, Ilan Nagalingam, Raja Janardanan, Aiwen Feng, Loghs Srinivasan

Defensive Publications Series

Presented herein are techniques for computing a profile alignment score that indicates how closely a customer’s network deployment is adhering to a company’s best practices design and validation guides. The profile alignment score is calculated based on telemetry information associated with the customer. According to techniques described herein, customers are provided a report that includes the profile alignment score and outlines areas in which the customer’s deployment may be improved.

Techniques To Facilitate Intelligent Mec Application Deployment For Private 5g Enterprise Networks, Robert Barton, Matthias Falkner, Indermeet Gandhi, Jerome Henry, Vinay Saini

Defensive Publications Series

Private 5G networks are emerging that allow a cellular network to be deployed and operated as an extension of an enterprise network. The deployment of such a private 5G cellular network typically involves the integration of cellular network components with exiting elements of an enterprise network, such as using the existing network to implement fronthaul, midhaul, and backhaul network connectivity. A key advantage of 5G cellular connectivity is the ability to offer edge compute resources to user equipment through the use of multi-access edge compute (MEC) deployments. However, in an enterprise network, edge compute resources may be scarce. In order …

System And Method For Redeeming Issuer Reward Currency For A Consumer Benefit Supplement, Michelle Dollin, Raja Veeramani

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure provides a method for redeeming issuer reward currency. Initially consumer books travel and logs into issuer application. The present disclosure calls Card Eligibility Service (CES) by sending cardholder travel information to check for eligible lounges. The CES pulls all lounges in airport and checks if cardholder is eligible for any of the lounges. The CES returns the cardholder list of lounges eligibility information and redemption limits and prices. The present disclosure offers to purchase additional guests for the lounge using points. The present disclosure calls CES and Pay with Points APIs to purchase additional guest access using …

Aluminum Water Gallium Hydgrogen Energy System, Timo Kauppila

Defensive Publications Series

Introduction

In today's rapidly evolving energy landscape, the transition to renewable electricity generation is becoming increasingly imperative to combat climate change and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. Renewable sources like solar and wind power offer clean and sustainable alternatives to traditional energy generation methods. However, these sources are inherently intermittent, dependent on weather conditions, and often produce surplus energy during periods of low demand. This unpredictability and variability in energy production underscore the critical need for large-scale batteries to store excess renewable energy and provide a reliable power supply when the sun isn't shining or the wind isn't blowing. …

Microwell Assembly Method Using Inkjet Printing On Photopolymer, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

Patterned microwell structures are ubiquitous in many applications such as biochips, microfluidics, single-cell analysis, and patterning of various functional materials including optical and magnetic nanoparticles. Conventional microwell fabrication methods are based on laser etching and lithography, which provide high resolution at micro and nanometric scales. However, these methods are expensive, multistep, patterning rigidity and limited to small area fabrication. This disclosure describes a method to fabricate microwell structures using an inkjet printer and a light responsive material (photopolymer), wherein it is simple, inexpensive, prompt and requires no further cleaning prior use. In addition, the patterning of the microwells is no …

A Mechanism Of Wireless Transmission At High Speed Between Laptops, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

For the scenario that two laptops transfer big data to each other without going through any network or router, the common methods are wired connections (Thunderbolt/USB-C/Ethernet), wireless connections (Bluebooth/WIFI Direct), or external storage devices. The advantages of direct transmission are lower latency, enhanced security, and higher transfer rate.

Global Cybersecurity plans to roll out new company-wide technical controls on USB devices on October 1, 2023. The new controls will prevent employees from writing to USB-powered external memory devices on their devices (PCs, laptops).

We proposed a mechanism of reliable and secure high-speed wireless transmission between laptops by utilizing dynamic phase …

Process For The Preparation Of Crystalline Form R Of N-[5-(3,5-Difluorobenzyl)-1h-Indazol-3-Yl]-4-(4-Methyl-Piperazin-1-Yl)-2-(Tetrahydro-Pyran-4-Yl-Amino)-Benzamide

Defensive Publications Series

This report is related to a process for the preparation of crystalline Form R of N-[5-(3,5-difluorobenzyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-4-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl-amino)-benzamide.

Distress Alerting System, Tony England Visa, Nikhil Patil Visa

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure provides a system and method for an automated, secure and reliable distress alerting system using which a user can alert their family/emergency contacts about their location and call for help. The proposed system uses a network to make available a facility/feature where the individual can tap a virtual card or a physical card on an electronic device (e.g., a Point of Sale (POS) device) such that the network identifies and differentiate this tap from a regular card transaction and route the request to a special section of the network where user has created an emergency contact. This …

Techniques To Indicate Latency Of Packets In Network Nodes, Anshul Tanwar, Kumaril Kapoor

Defensive Publications Series

Applications operating via network communications have long evolved from the use of basic data, as audio and video applications continue to evolve in terms of latency requirements and, as such, the number of differentiated flows (per application) continues to evolve as well. With applications evolving that are utilize low latency packet paths from network, it can be challenging to determine the latency of packets in a network that are associated with latency sensitive applications. This proposal provides techniques through which a new header can be embedded into packets in which the new header can be used to indicate the total-residence-time …

Large Battery For Grid Storage, Timo Kauppila

Defensive Publications Series

Introduction

In today's rapidly evolving energy landscape, the transition to renewable electricity generation is becoming increasingly imperative to combat climate change and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. Renewable sources like solar and wind power offer clean and sustainable alternatives to traditional energy generation methods. However, these sources are inherently intermittent, dependent on weather conditions, and often produce surplus energy during periods of low demand. This unpredictability and variability in energy production underscore the critical need for large-scale batteries to store excess renewable energy and provide a reliable power supply when the sun isn't shining or the wind isn't blowing. …

Improved Process For The Preparation Of Lurbinectedin, Msn Laboratories Private Limited, R&D Center, Srinivasan Thirumalai Rajan, Sajja Eswaraiah, Sagyam Rajeshwar Reddy, Keshavareddy Navin Kumar Reddy, Maadhu Amarnath Reddy, Parigi Raghavendar Reddy, Chityala Basker Reddy

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to an improved process for the preparation of Lurbinectedin of formula-1which is structurally shown as below:

Formula-1

Explainable Feature Drift Monitoring System For Predictive Machine Learning Models, Hao Xu, Can Liu, Chiranjeet Chetia

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure provides a novel method wherein a classifier-based drift scoring model is initially constructed using historical data. The derivation of SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values from the drift scoring model is employed to discern the individual contributions of various features to the calculated drift score. To enhance the granularity of drift pattern comprehension, new data is systematically categorized into multiple clusters based on the similarity of their drift patterns, as elucidated by SHAP values. The performance degradation of a deployed predictive model is then meticulously evaluated under distinct drift patterns. This evaluation offers detailed insights into the differential …

Novel Process For The Preparation Of Intermediate Compounds Used In The Treatment Of Migraine, Msn Laboratories Private Limited, R&D Center, Hyderabad And India; Srinivasan Thirumalai Rajan, Sajja Eswaraiah, Sagyam Rajeshwar Reddy, Gangajji Parameshwarappa, Velishala Praveen, Eppa Narayana.

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a process for the preparation of (S)-2'-oxo-1',2',5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,3'-pyrrolo[2,3-b] pyridine]-3-carboxylic acid of formula-1 which is a key intermediate of Ubrogepant and Atogepant. The present invention also provides the novel intermediate compounds and their process for the preparation thereof.

Formula-1.