Digital Commons Network^™

Stress Superposition On Roll Forming, Julio Malpica, Conrad Dende, Sebastijan Jurendic

Defensive Publications Series

Described herein are systems and methods of shaping sheet metal (e.g., by hemming, bending, roll forming, etc.) with stress superposition. Stress superposition is the process of adding additional stresses onto a particular forming process to increase forming limits. As such, the systems and methods described herein include the addition of compressive stress during the shaping by applying a compressive force by counteracting a roll-forming (or other shaping) die.

Enhanced Molded C Plastic Snap Feature, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

The C snap feature integrates a molded fastener to attach plastic components to sheet metal, reducing cost, weight, and complexity. It requires minimal insertion effort and ensures secure attachment with components like multipurpose ribs, a spring C shape, and a snap nose engagement. This design simplifies manufacturing, reduces tooling costs, and improves connection reliability.

Characterization And Polymorphism Analysis Of Lotilaner (Credelio) For Flea And Tick Treatment In Dogs, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

CREDELIO (Lotilaner) is a beef-flavored chewable tablet for oral administration to dogs and puppies based on their weight. Each chewable tablet provides a minimum dose of 9 mg of lotilaner per pound of body weight (20 mg/kg).

Closed-Loop Engine Load-Up Control Based On Piston Head Clearance Data, Jürgen Binder, Markus Weber, Bartosz Rozmyslowicz, Christoph J. Engelbrecht

Defensive Publications Series

A method and system for controlling the power increase (load-up) of large two-stroke ship propulsion or stationary engines is disclosed. Unlike conventional systems using static breakpoints, the invention employs a closed-loop control based on real-time or simulated piston-to-liner clearance data. The outer diameter of the piston head is derived from proximity sensors installed in the cylinder liner or inferred via a thermal-mechanical model using engine operating parameters. Load-up is limited to prevent contact between the piston head and surrounding combustion chamber components. This enables a faster load-up while maintaining safe engine operation.

Modular Design For Head-Mounted Wearables, Fu-Kai Tsai

Defensive Publications Series

Augmented, virtual, mixed, or extended reality (AR/VR/MR/XR) devices provide a variety of functionality powered by on-board components including processing circuitry, cameras, microphones, speakers, etc., all powered by a battery. The small form factor of such wearable devices places limitations on component size and placement. Additionally, since these devices are worn on the head, there are also limitations on the total device weight. This disclosure describes a modular design for head-mounted wearable devices such as augmented reality (AR) glasses. The design enables modules to be easily added to or removed from the device based on the context of use. The AR …

Head-Mounted Wearable Device With Interspersed Camera Frame Capture, Daniel Sadeghi, Hart Levy

Defensive Publications Series

Augmented reality (AR) glasses and other head-mounted wearable devices (such as AI glasses or VR/XR headsets) have competing hard-to-meet requirements with respect to battery life, weight, cost, aesthetics, etc. AR glasses include world facing cameras for perception tasks such as head tracking (HeT), hand tracking (HaT), 3D reconstruction (3DR), etc., as well as RGB cameras for high-resolution image/video capture and artificial intelligence tasks. However, having multiple cameras on AR glasses adds to the weight, imposes greater power requirements, impacts device aesthetics, and requires more computational capability to process more images. This disclosure describes augmented reality glasses with a lower number …

Multi-Photon-Assisted Laser Interference Heating For Precision Thermal Control, Lisa Tan, Zi Jian Wee, Hock Soon Lim

Defensive Publications Series

Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) technology relies on localized laser heating to temporarily reduce the coercivity of magnetic media, allowing data to be written at higher densities compared to older technologies. However, the resolution of heating in HAMR is constrained by the laser spot size and optical diffraction limits, leading to larger-than-desired thermal footprints. This invention leverages laser interference to achieve sub-spot-size localization of heating, inspired by multi-photon photopolymerization techniques. By carefully designing interfering laser beams, a much smaller effective heating area can be achieved, allowing for increased track density and improved data storage capacity.

This approach minimizes unwanted thermal influence …

Techniques To Facilitate Software-Defined Network Resiliency Against Recursive Routing Denial Of Service Attacks, Sathyanath Kanike, Amjad Inamdar, Mangal Shrirame

Defensive Publications Series

Proposed herein are techniques to address critical risks in modern networking associated with the dependency between overlay and underlay infrastructures. By implementing a mechanism to exclude specific underlay prefixes from overlay routing via a Routing Exclusion Base (REB) and exporting this information to a Routing Information Base (RIB), the techniques proposed herein prevent recursive routing errors, which can lead to service outages and impact business operations. This approach simplifies network management, reduces operational overhead, and diminishes reliance on specialized expertise, providing a universal solution applicable to various routing protocols, such as Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Virtual Private Network (VPN), Segment …

Field-Theoretic Context System (Ftcs), Subhadip Mitra

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes an approach to context processing that models context as interacting fields rather than discrete states. A field-theoretic context system (FTCS) as described herein enables natural context flow, relationship preservation, and dynamic evolution through partial differential equations that govern field dynamics. The FTCS described herein represents an advancement in context processing by replacing discrete states with continuous, evolving fields. This approach more accurately reflects how information behaves in real-world systems. A key aspect is the non-conservative approach of the FTCS by which context can be genuinely created, amplified, diminished, or eliminated as information gains or loses relevance. This …

Automatic Real-Time Content Modification For Ar/Xr Devices, Kathleen Bryan, Shiblee Hasan

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes techniques that enable users to selectively exclude, replace, or blur in real time certain visual elements in the frames of a video feed obtained via AR/XR devices. Computer-vision techniques are used to identify and isolate individual objects within the live video feed. Content-aware fill algorithms are used to seamlessly replace selected individual elements with visually plausible content. Depth estimation and three-dimensional reconstruction can be used to ensure that the elements are replaced with content consistent with the depth and perspective of the scene. The techniques can provide greater artistic control, privacy, and thematic focus.

Decapit8: System And Method For Creating Ai-Optimized Website Representations With Structured Robot Entrances, Renee Gagnon

Defensive Publications Series

Decapit8 provides a system and method for reformatting website content into structured, semantically rich "information cartridges" optimized specifically for machine consumption. It creates a "Robot Entrance" offering tiered summaries, semantic embeddings, knowledge graphs, and explicit reasoning pathways, enabling AI/ML systems to interact efficiently with websites without full re-crawling. This reduces computational overhead, improves agentic reasoning, and establishes a new machine-native web interaction paradigm.

A Process For The Preparation Of Pirtobrutinib And Its Intermediates Thereof, Msn Laboratories Private Limited, R&D Center, Hyderabad, India; Srinivasan Thirumalai Rajan; Sagyam Rajeshwar Reddy; Keshavareddy Navin Kumar Reddy; Parigi Raghavendar Reddy; Yata Murali.

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a process for the preparation of (S)-5-amino-3-(4-((5-fluoro-2-methoxybenzamido)methyl)phenyl)-1-(1,1,1-trifluoro propan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid of formula-3 which is useful in the preparation of Pirtobrutinib of formula-1. Structures of compound of formula-3 and Pirtobrutinib of formula-1 are shown below:

Formula-1 Formula-3.

The Composite Image Projection System That Utilizes 4 Image Projection Configurations Where A Composite Image Projection Will Be Projected Onto 4 Angularly And Adjacently Configured Surfaces., Punarjeewa Abeysekera

Defensive Publications Series

This paper describes a composite image projection system that utilizes 4 image projection configurations where a composite image projection will be projected onto 4 angularly and adjacently configured surfaces. The composite image projection system consists of a composite image projection projecting configuration and a composite image projection receiving configuration. The composite image projection projecting configuration, will consists of 4 identical adjacently and angularly positioned image projecting configurations. And the composite image projection receiving configuration, will consists of 4 identical adjacently and angularly positioned image projection receiving surfaces. In the composite image projection system, the composite image projection projecting configuration will …

The Composite Light Capturing And Image Projection Configuration That Contains 5 Configurations Where A Wider Area Of The Visible Scene Will Be Captured In A Collective Manner., Punarjeewa Abeysekera

Defensive Publications Series

This paper describes a composite light capturing and image projection configuration that contains 5 configurations where a wider area of the visible scene will be captured in a collective manner. The composite light capturing and image projection configuration will consists of 5 identical light capturing and image projection configurations that are configured in an angular and adjacent manner. Each light capturing and image projection configuration will contain a convex lens stack, a light blocking enclosure and a structured composite sensor stripe. The composite light capturing and image projection configuration, by collectively and concurrently utilizing the 5 containing light capturing and …

Interfacial Layers With Enhanced Functionalities And Devices Having Same

Defensive Publications Series

Disclosed are interfacial layers with enhanced functionalities, devices having such interfacial layers, and systems and methods of using or producing such interfacial layers and devices. An interfacial layer includes a polymer having a combination of poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and PEDOT bearing an acid moiety (PEDOT-acid). A device includes one or more electrodes, each including a substrate having a surface coated with the interfacial layer. The one or more electrodes are configured to detect one or more electrical signals generated by muscles or nerves of a subject or to apply electrical stimulation to the muscles or nerves of the subject through …

System For Delegating Energy-Intensive Ai Tasks From Mobile Devices, Daniel Steinbock

Defensive Publications Series

This publication describes systems and methods for delegating energy-intensive artificial intelligence (AI) tasks from a mobile device. The use of local compute (LC) devices is disclosed, where the LC devices are used to process AI workloads (e.g., large language model (LLM) queries, AI inference tasks) from the mobile device. Methodology for selection between original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices, LC devices, and other devices for processing AI workloads is outlined.

Loyalty Detection And Rewards For Non-Connected Devices, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

The invention outlines a novel approach to enhance customer purchase decisions in the SMB and enterprise markets by offering premium printer services without the need for direct cloud connections. Traditionally, verifying the use of genuine supplies required cloud connectivity, but this new method provides an alternative.

The system features a printer capable of accepting consumable cartridges and equipped with firmware that executes a secure algorithm to track and rank user activities, fostering loyalty and trust. The firmware can update authentication algorithm criteria through various methods: using a cartridge memory element, connecting to the cloud, manual updates, or via an intermediate …

Selecting Best Synce Source In A Network Based On Eec Hop Count

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure presents a method to enhance synchronization accuracy in telecommunications networks employing IEEE-1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) alongside Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE). The approach addresses the inherent challenges posed by static synchronization source selection methods, particularly the sub-optimal choices resulting from network rerouting or link failures. By systematically embedding hop-count information—the total number of Ethernet Equipment Clocks (EECs) traversed—into Ethernet Synchronization Messaging Channel (ESMC) Protocol Data Units (PDUs), the invention provides downstream devices with real-time visibility into the synchronization path length. Specifically, the previously reserved octet 22 of the ESMC PDU is repurposed as a "cascaded EEC count" field, incrementing …

Performance Optimization For Distributed Computing Via Gen Ai, Mingji Lou, Maksat Abasov, Fangfang Fu, Pragya Prakash, Venkata Siva Sai Manepalli

Defensive Publications Series

Methods, systems, and computer program products for performance optimization of distributed computing resources using generative artificial intelligence (AI) are provided. An example method may include receiving data associated with performance metrics of a distributed computing system and data associated with a cost function for activities engaged in with the distributed computing system. The method may include providing, as an input to a generative AI algorithm, the data associated with performance metrics of the distributed computing system, the data associated with a cost function for activities engaged in with the distributed computing system, and data associated with a knowledge graph regarding …

The Virtual Content Viewing Device That Enables The User To Experience A Wider Virtual Content Viewing Area And At The Same Time That Enables The User To Experience The Perception Of A Wider Actual View Of The Real World., Punarjeewa Abeysekera

Defensive Publications Series

This paper describes a virtual content viewing device that enables the user to experience a wider virtual content viewing area and at the same time that enables the user to experience the perception of a wider actual view of the real world. The entire virtual content viewing device will consists of a composite projection configuration allocated for the left eye of the user and a composite projection configuration allocated for the right eye of the user. The composite projection configuration allocated for the left eye of the user, will contain a centrally located, from the top direction projecting, quadrilateral shaped …

Switching Extended-Reality Objects From World-Anchored To Body-Locked Reference Frames Using Hand Gestures, Na

Defensive Publications Series

Switching objects in extended reality (XR) environments from world-anchored to body-locked reference frames can be a cumbersome procedure, requiring complex interactions or menu navigation that interrupt immersion. This disclosure describes techniques that use quick hand gestures to seamlessly transition between world-anchored and body-locked reference frames in XR environments. The hand gestures, designed to be intuitive, easy to perform, and minimally disruptive to the immersive experience, can be performed in the frame of XR headset view for easy detection and action. An example gesture can be the user extending the index finger of their dominant hand and retracting it rapidly twice, …

Method, System And Computer Program For Enhancing Travel Recommendation Using Large Language Models, Zhimeng Jiang, Mangesh Shrikant Bendre, Huiyuan Chen, Xiran Fan, Yan Zheng, Mahashweta Das

Defensive Publications Series

Methods, system, and computer program products are provided for enhancing travel recommendation systems using large language models. The solution enhances the current travel recommendation system by leveraging large language models and the Doc2Vec algorithm to better capture and utilize the rich semantic information associated with each merchant. By augmenting merchant information with additional features like emoji representations and using Doc2Vec to generate merchant embeddings, the solution effectively improves the quality and precision of travel recommendations. This leads to a personalized and improved user experience in travel planning and booking.

Distributed Serving Of Partitioned Machine Learning Models Across Heterogeneous Hardware Resources, Vince Gatto, Junyan Li, Chi Chen, Hang Fu, Brad Froehle, Smit Hinsu, Devanshu Jain, Aniruddh Nath, Ruolin Jia, Shuo Chang, He Ma, Daokun Jiang

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for serving machine learning models by partitioning model components for distributed execution across heterogeneous hardware resources. In particular, the disclosure describes techniques for splitting models into independently executable subgraphs deployed across a cluster of machines with varying hardware configurations (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, TPUs). The system leverages the distinct strengths of different hardware types by mapping memory-intensive or preprocessing-heavy components to CPU machines, while assigning compute-intensive subgraphs to accelerators such as TPUs. The distributed architecture employs a runtime system that manages inter-machine communication and orchestration of inference tasks, enabling improved utilization, scalability, and …

Camera Captured Board Analysis Aids For Meeting Transcription And Post-Meeting Summarization, Jieyu Tan, Soya Li, Espen Berger, Hilary Liu

Defensive Publications Series

Presented herein is an approach for utilizing "board focus" techniques to extract information from attendees' handwritten notes during an online video conference or meeting. This approach can enhance the accuracy for generating meeting transcriptions (e.g., regarding language type, special terms, abbreviations, acronyms, etc. used during a meeting) and also meeting summaries (e.g., regarding structural element identification) as compared to conventional transcription/summary techniques that typically rely on audio streams.

Subsea Chemical Storage And Injection Systems, Baker Hughes Company

Defensive Publications Series

The conventional Chemical Injection System (with topside supply tanks and long Umbilical for delivering the chemicals to subsea components) has the following drawbacks:

• High CAPEX cost of the chemical injection system.
• Additional potential leakage in the long umbilicals.
• Longer response time.
• Requires larger chemical volume to fill the long umbilicals – adding cost and leakage risks
• Requires larger topside pumps in some cases in shallow water and long umbilical laying on the seabed.
• Does not use electrical control valves.
• Not consisting of Module Design – not a sizable system.

A system design is proposed to address the above requirement

Resource Optimization In Cross Cloud Identity Synchronization, Dileep Reddem

Defensive Publications Series

Cloud providers implement support for System for Cross Domain Identity Management (SCIM) RFCs that mandate only how users and groups are to be provisioned. Administrators of cloud platforms must rely on third-party Identity Providers (IdPs) for group creation and management on the cloud platform. Empty or orphan groups consume storage and bookkeeping resources on the cloud platform, while a compromise or malfunction on the IdP end can exhaust cloud resources and/or impose costs on the cloud platform. This disclosure describes techniques to automatically detect and remove empty and/or inactive user groups using a periodically run mapping algorithm and/or suitably trained …

Method And System For Transaction Level Settlement For Card Payments, Barbara E. Patterson, Libby A. Kurien, Millie L. Yee, Matthew A. Cramer, Michael Allen Balk, Karen Ando

Defensive Publications Series

Embodiments of the present disclosure includes: receiving, by a processing network computer from a resource provider computer via a transport computer, an authorization request message for a transaction; determining, by the processing network computer, that the transaction qualifies for transaction level settlement; modifying, by the processing network computer, the authorization request message to include a transaction level settlement indicator; transmitting, by the processing network computer, the authorization request message to an authorizing entity computer; receiving, by the processing network computer from the authorizing entity computer, an authorization response message; and transmitting, by the processing network computer to the resource provider …

Biomimetic Nanobots For Heavy Metal Soil Remediation, Suma Mallapragada, Vaishnavi Sankepally

Defensive Publications Series

This defensive publication introduces an innovative approach for heavy metal soil remediation using biomimetic nanobots, designed to autonomously detect, neutralize, and degrade harmful contaminants while ensuring eco-friendliness and sustainability. The nanobots feature a graphene-based outer capsule for structural durability, a gold nanolens for selective ion detection, and a bioengineered pseudo-organelle payload system that enables enzymatic neutralization of heavy metals. Utilizing optical-tweezer-based DNA-polystyrene actuators, the system is capable of movement within the soil, and a self-regenerating mechanism ensures prolonged activity. A NanoIoT-enabled communication system allows real-time monitoring and control with minimal human intervention. The nanobots target common …

The Composite Image Projection Configuration That Contains 5 Adjacently Configured Image Projection Configurations Where A Composite Image Projection Will Be Projected Collectively Onto An Adjacently Configured Composite Surface., Punarjeewa Abeysekera

Defensive Publications Series

This paper describes a composite image projection configuration that contains 5 adjacently configured image projection configurations where a composite image projection will be projected collectively onto an adjacently configured composite surface. The entire composite image projection configuration will consists of 5 adjacently configured image projection configurations. The generally utilized image projection configuration will contain a convex lens stack, a configuration that is capable of producing pixel patterns that will be associated with a high brightness light source and an enclosure. The composite image projection configuration, by utilizing the containing 5 adjacently configured image projection configurations, will have the capability to …

Intrinsically Conductive Polymers For Dry Emg Electrodes, Ru He, Li Yao, Zidong Li, Vanessa Tolosa, Thomas Rudolf

Defensive Publications Series

An example method of manufacturing an electrode, comprises dissolving PVA in a PEDOT: PSS aqueous solution to produce a PEDOT: PSS/PVA solution. Then a dialdehyde crosslinker is added to the PEDOT: PSS/PVA solution to produce a mixture, and the mixture is provided to a mold to be partially cured to produce a loose hydrogel. The resulting hydrogel is then treated with acetic acid and undergoes a controlled drying process to produce a tough flexible dry polymer material that can be utilized as an EMG electrode in wristbands.