Digital Commons Network^™

Content-Preserving Cropping For Panoramic Stitching Of Images, Miao Yu, Lun-Cheng Chu

Defensive Publications Series

Raw panoramas stitched from multiple images can have irregular shapes along their boundaries. Cropping of invalid pixels along the boundary is performed to generate a final result that is of a target shape. However, this can result in cropping of many valid pixels, reducing the overall portion of the captured scene depicted in the final result. This disclosure describes techniques to determine optimal content-preserving crops along the boundaries of a panorama in a manner that also optimizes latency and preserves aspect ratio. Per the techniques, in a first stage, dynamic programming is applied on predefined tiles to determine the largest …

Unified Container Platform For Data Management Across The Entire Lifecycle, Puneet Mahajan, Suryakant Gokhale, Race Wright, Romit Kusarye, Ashley Brown, Vijay Jain

Defensive Publications Series

Managing the lifecycle of complex data processing operations involves significant challenges in ensuring consistency, handling dependencies, optimizing resource usage, and maintaining data quality across large-scale data assets that are not met by existing solutions. This disclosure describes a cohesive approach to data management by encapsulating related data components into unified containers with automated versioning, access control, and dependency tracking, and operation monitoring for greater efficiency, consistency, and data discoverability across the entire lifecycle of the data. A unified container can serve as a simplified grouping mechanism that enables key tasks to be managed at the container level instead of being …

Multi-Function Obd-Ii Device With Corrosion Protection, Gps Tracking & Anti-Theft Features, Vincent Gallo

Defensive Publications Series

An OBD-II plug-in device unifies active impressed-current corrosion protection, GPS-based tracking and geofencing, anti-theft immobilization, environmental sensing, and cellular/Wi-Fi connectivity for telematics and over-the-air firmware updates. The integrated system draws power and data from the vehicle’s OBD-II port and employs a galvanically isolated current regulation circuit to deliver adaptive cathodic protection to the chassis. A central microcontroller coordinates location monitoring, starter-relay control, tamper detection, and cloud communication while enabling secure firmware upgrades. Environmental sensors log temperature, humidity, and impact events to refine corrosion control and trigger security responses. This multi-function design simplifies installation, eliminates redundant hardware, and ensures comprehensive vehicle …

Automating Tasks In Video Games Via Intelligent Agent, Ilia Labzovsky, Danny Karmon

Defensive Publications Series

This document describes techniques that enable a computing device (e.g., a personal computer, laptop, smartphone, smart watch, server system, gaming console, tablet, wearable device, virtual reality (VR) headset, augmented reality (AR) glasses, etc.) to automate repetitive tasks in video games using an intelligent software agent (e.g., artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning model, etc.). Video games often necessitate repetitive, time-consuming tasks for player progression, leading to user fatigue and diminished enjoyment (e.g., loot farming, resource gathering, experience point (XP) grinding, repetitive combat encounters). In some instances, the player may have to complete the same tedious tasks multiple times to reach engaging …

Augmenting Conversational Artificial Intelligence Using Contextual Signals, Dongeek Shin

Defensive Publications Series

This document describes techniques that enable a mobile computing device (e.g., a smartphone, smart watch, wearable device, laptop computer, etc.) and an audio device (e.g., earbuds, headset, augmented reality glasses, etc.) to enhance conversational artificial intelligence (AI) with contextual signals (e.g., location data, ambient light, motion signals, etc.). For instance, the mobile computing device may be paired with the audio device, to which a user provides voice input to engage with the AI. However, the AI’s responses often rely on spoken commands and prior conversation history, which may reduce the AI’s understanding of the user's full context. The techniques of …

Custom Thin-Coat Designs For Reflective Waveguides In Augmented Reality Wearables, Jun Yang, Alexander Koshelev, Christophe Peroz

Defensive Publications Series

The use of reflective waveguides in augmented reality (AR) displays can reduce see-through transmission, such that a person facing the user can perceive an uneven brightness of the user’s face near the eye region. Uneven face brightness can cause some social and cosmetic discomfort. This disclosure describes a family of graded thin-film coats for reflective waveguides with multiple SKUs, each tailored to serve users of specific skin tone, color, and/or texture. The coating for the eye-pupil expander (EPE) and output coupler (OC) regions of the lens are tuned to achieve certain reflectance and wavelength-dependence criteria that render the prisms on …

Context-Aware Content Recommendation During Travel, Shatakshi Gupta, Sayan Acharya, Ajay Karthik Nama Nagaraj, Netri, Saumya Rangani, Parantap Sharma

Defensive Publications Series

A context-aware content recommendation process for an application running on a computing device (e.g., a smart television, a mobile computing device) may provide context-aware content recommendations to a user on the go (e.g., during travel). The context-aware recommendation process may determine that a user on the go may have different content consumption patterns and computing device access. In some implementations, the computing device may be shared with other users (e.g., a smart television in a hotel room, a tablet belonging to a friend). The context-aware content recommendation process may interface with device sensors included on the computing device that may …

Interactive And Navigable Video Transcripts For Television, Shun-Wei Wu

Defensive Publications Series

Navigating video transcripts on television platforms using standard remote controls presents challenges due to the limited input functionality via the available buttons of standard TV remotes. This disclosure describes techniques that enable an interactive video transcript viewing experience optimized for television platforms (lean-back, remote-controlled display environments). Upon entering a transcript view, an outline box is displayed around the currently synchronized transcript line, providing clear entry and focus affordance. The user can navigate through the transcript lines using standard, limited-input remote controls. While a specific transcript line is being focused upon, a press of the OK button of the remote results …

Semantic Policy Summaries And Semantic Explanations For Explainable Ai In Networking, Dennis Lanov

Defensive Publications Series

Proposed herein is an explainability technique, referred to herein as a "Semantic Policy Summaries and Semantic Explanations" technique, for artificial intelligence (AI) -driven networking that translates complex model decisions into clear, human-readable explanations grounded in real-world network concepts. Instead of abstract outputs like feature scores, the proposed technique delivers goal-oriented justifications for AI network-related decisions/actions. The proposed technique integrates directly into a control loop, supports policy-based triggering, and logs explanations with decision metadata for audit and regulatory review. Further, the proposed technique aligns with requirements from the European Union (EU) AI Act and the proposed United States (U.S.) SAFE Innovation …

Gain Movie Insights Using Generative Artificial Intelligence, Akash Verma, Vineet Kumar, Abhay Kumar Gupta, Vivek Yadav, Szu-An Lu, Meng-Ting Tsai, Ya Hsien Liu, Chu-Feng Lien

Defensive Publications Series

A television (TV) application may present various types of media content of interest to a user. The media content may have different formats such as streaming video and audio. The types of media content may include, but are not limited to, movies, television shows, live sporting events, news items, short form videos, and music. In addition, or in the alternative, a variety of media content providers may deliver various types of media content for viewing by the user. The TV application may deliver a customized viewing experience to a user that spans the diverse types of media content provided by …

"G" Shaped Non-Functional Pad To Reduce Common Mode Noise, Jianquan Lou, Alpesh U Bhobe, Haiwen Lu

Defensive Publications Series

Provided herein are techniques for designing "G" shaped non-functional pads in vias of SERDES (Serializer-Deserializer) channels to reduce common mode noise that can be caused by twice the Nyquist frequence of SERDES signals, which commonly causes SERDES radio frequency issues for 25.78 Gigahertz (GHz) and 26.56GHz signals. Advantageously, the "G" shaped non-functional pad design proposed herein can reduce common mode noise while not impacting SERDES differential signals.

Enhancing 5g Non-Terrestrial Network (Ntn) Communications With Machine Learning-Driven Non-Line-Of-Sight (Nlos) Prediction And Mitigation, Alwin Xavier, Wojciech Grobel, Snezana Mitrovic, Vinay Saini

Defensive Publications Series

The innovation proposed herein leverages machine learning to predict Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions in a 5G Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), significantly enhancing communication reliability in such networks. By dynamically encoding these predictions into user equipment (UE) Route Selection Policies (URSPs), the innovation proposed herein optimizes data transfers, ensuring efficient use of satellite coverage and improving overall network performance with minimal changes to the existing 5G core infrastructure.

Agency Protocol: A Decentralized Trust-Building System Using Domain-Specific Merit And Economic Stakes To Incentivize Promise-Keeping In Agent-To-Agent Interactions, David Joseph

Defensive Publications Series

The Agency Protocol defines a decentralized trust infrastructure in which autonomous agents cooperate by issuing cryptographically‑signed, domain‑scoped promises and verifiable assessments. Each promise carries a dual‑component stake—an at‑risk credit deposit and a non‑refundable operational‑cost fee—that is locked in content‑addressed storage and returned or slashed according to assessment consensus. Assessments are merit‑weighted; an agent’s merit is a non‑transferable, domain‑specific reputation score updated by matrix‑factorized aggregation of historical outcomes, while credits form a fully transferable internal currency. Merit discounts future stake requirements, creating a positive feedback loop that makes honest behaviour utility‑maximising.

External facts enter the system through a decentralised oracle …

Process For The Preparation Of Orforglipron Intermediates, Prashanth Venukathala Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The inventors have solved the technical problem of the compound through experimental research, and the reaction route is as follows:

Accelerate Hdd Secure Erase In Jbod, Xiong Liu, Wenxiang Xie

Defensive Publications Series

The vibration induced by cooling fans makes PES (Position Error Signal) greater than Write Fault Threshold (WFT) regularly; when PES > WFT, the write operation stops, which makes HDD (Hard Disk Drive) write data throughput drop significantly. WFT is used to protect the erasure of the adjacent tracks. Normally, WFT is around 10% of TP (Track Pitch). However, whether adjacent tracks can be read back or not becomes irrelevant when executing the Secure Erase command to overwrite the entire media. Setting WFT to higher value such as 20% does not affect anything. In this paper, increasing WFT value, e.g. to 20% …

The Light Capturing And Light Projection Configuration That Have The Capability To Capture 4 Distributed Surface Areas By Orienting The Entire Configuration Utilizing Rotational Movements., Punarjeewa Abeysekera

Defensive Publications Series

This paper describes a light capturing and light projection configuration that have the capability to capture 4 distributed surface areas by orienting the entire configuration utilizing rotational movements. The entire light capturing and light projection configuration consists of a convex lens stack that contains 2 convex lenses arranged in the stack configurations, a distributed sensor configuration and a structural enclosure. The capturing 4 distributed surface areas will altogether consists of a collection of adjacently configured 16 quadrilateral shaped surfaces. Theses adjacently configured 16 quadrilateral shaped surfaces corresponds to 16 adjacently configured quadrilateral shaped base surfaces of 16 adjacently configured identical …

Monolithic Assembly For Augmented Reality Eyewear With Improved Comfort, Daniel Effinger, Matthew Valente

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes techniques to integrate multiple distinct modules of a display system for augmented reality eyewear into a single, monolithic unit or carrier. Per the techniques, a highly integrated, compact assembly replaces conventional multi-module systems. This is achieved through the design and manufacturing of a waveguide (WG) carrier that serves as a monolithic housing. The carrier is precisely molded to incorporate physical characteristics and features necessary for passively installing various optical and electronic components. Such components may include the waveguide, lenses for a light engine assembly (LEA), and lenses for a camera module. Active alignment (AA) of critical sensors …

Multi-Agent Architecture With Central Intelligent Agent, Shashwat Anand, Rohan Chaudhury

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a multi-agent architecture featuring a centralized intelligent agent (orchestrator agent) for complex enterprise environments, e.g., partner interfaces for a cloud computing solutions provider. While agent-driven interfaces are feasible, there are challenges in agent discovery and coordination, leading to fragmented solutions and slower pace of development. By providing a central agent that coordinates with various domain-specific functional agents, the techniques of this disclosure provide a cohesive mechanism for managing and orchestrating agents. The agent is built to service various user personas and uses this context to provide high-fidelity assistance. Agents are built with awareness of access control lists …

Using Images From A Simulated 3d Environment For Llm Fine-Tuning For Image And Video Understanding Tasks, Ágoston Weisz

Defensive Publications Series

Large language models (LLMs) are capable of answering questions with reference to images or videos. However, LLMs sometimes get spatial relationships wrong. A challenge for training LLMs for 3D scene understanding is the lack of suitably large image and video datasets. This disclosure describes the use of a simulated three-dimensional (3D) environment to obtain two-dimensional (2D) images or videos of the environment from different perspectives. The point is moved in the simulated 3D space and a stream of 2D images is obtained from the different positions. The simulated 3D environment can be used to model various scenarios where the LLM …

Real-Time Context-Aware Assistance For Non-Native Language Speakers, Jaime Guajardo, Sriratana (Daowz) Sutasirisap

Defensive Publications Series

When two or more non-native language speakers or learners converse, they may often encounter words or grammatical structures they do not understand. In the absence of a native speaker, learners tend to pause their conversation to look up unfamiliar words in a dictionary, causing disruption to their conversation flow. This disclosure describes techniques that assist non-native language speakers or learners during real-time conversations without disrupting conversational flow. With user permission, an ongoing conversation is analyzed in real time by a large language model (LLM) based language assistant to identify non-idiomatic speech and grammar, vocabulary, and/or pronunciation errors. When a user …

Automated Selection And Orchestration Of Custom Ai Agents, Ajay Prasad

Defensive Publications Series

Existing approaches for interacting with specialized artificial intelligence (AI) agents often involve manual selection, leading to inefficient workflows, particularly for complex tasks that may require orchestration of multiple agents. This manual process can result in a fragmented and non-intuitive user experience. This document describes techniques that address this limitation by providing automated selection of specialized AI agents within an AI platform and orchestration of the selected agents to perform a complex task. This involves analyzing user prompts, classifying their intent, and intelligently suggesting or activating relevant custom agents. The selected agents then collaborate to address the user’s request. This approach …

Location-Specific Artificial Intelligence Models, Ajay Prasad

Defensive Publications Series

Virtual assistants powered by large language models (LLMs) are capable of interacting with users via chat, voice, or other interfaces and can answer arbitrary queries from the user. However, LLMs may not have access to updated location-specific information. This disclosure describes techniques for integrating location-specific AI models into virtual assistants. This allows virtual assistants to provide hyperlocal information and personalized responses by switching between general-purpose and specialized models with user permission. Location-specific models are trained with data relevant to particular places or businesses. The described techniques enhance user experience by providing accurate and up to date location-specific information appropriate to …

Simple And Cost-Effective Quantum Safe Anonymous Communications, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Techniques presented herein propose method to establish quantum secure anonymous communication (e.g., in TOR networks) without having dedicated quantum secure hardware, also considering simple and cost-effective method. As per the presented method, Client<->Entry node, Client<->Middle node, Client<->Exit node exchanges secret seed value and PQPSK ID using McEliece algorithm (using Public-Private Key pair) over already established authenticated secure communication channels using 1W-AKE or hybridOR. The secret seed value and PQPSK ID shall be used to generate unique pair of PQPSK (Key, ID) using Quantum Key Generation service. At the end of all negotiation between the Client and the …

Fold State Detection For Foldable Touchscreen Devices, Hu-Chi Chan, Youngseok Oh

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes low-latency, low-power techniques of open/fold (O/F) detection in a foldable touchscreen using the touch integrated circuit (TIC). In contrast to techniques that use Hall sensors and accelerometers to trigger O/F detection, the described techniques use a TIC-based self-scan to trigger a mutual scan. O/F detection is performed by measuring the mutual capacitance between the transmit channels of the touchscreen in the last time-slot of the mutual scan. A mutual scan that detects O/F status is merged with the finger-touch scan, resulting in no reduction in sampling count, providing optimal finger-touch performance with no increase in power consumption …

Interface To Control Gps Search While A Device Is In Satellite Communication Mode, Ashwin Pandith, Andy (Jibing) Wang, Nidhi Gulia, Sharath Ananth, Chinmay Dhodapkar

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes techniques that enable explicit control over a user equipment (UE) modem to determine the start and the stop of GPS acquisition. An indication is provided that GPS acquisition is about to start, which is useful under circumstances such as: the UE is pointing to a non-terrestrial network (NTN) satellite awaiting a response; the UE is idle but in clear view of the sky; the user equipment is in a location with poor GPS satellite visibility; etc. The techniques employ user-provided information about the UE status (pointing to NTN satellites; in clear view of sky or not; etc.) …

Scope 4 Impact And Reporting Methodology, Marisol Palmero, Snezana Mitrovic, Suresh Krishnan

Defensive Publications Series

The concept of Scope 4 emissions, though not officially recognized in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, presents a strategic opportunity to enhance sustainable operations. By focusing on "avoided emissions", based on good or best practices, organizations can influence and reduce Scope 2, and even Scope 3 emissions across their value chain. Techniques are proposed herein that seek to reduce energy consumption from networking devices. The proposed techniques could be extended to other practices within organizations. By reducing energy consumption, there is a direct link to improve energy efficiency, optimize resource usage, and ultimately contribute to an organization's overall sustainability goals. The …

Secure Coding Practices: An Auditor's Checklist For Enterprise Applications For Faang By Ramkumar Bharathan, Ramkumar Bharathan

Defensive Publications Series

This report serves as a comprehensive guide to critical secure coding practices, presented as an actionable checklist for developers and security teams operating within large-scale enterprise environments. It reflects the rigorous security standards and pragmatic approaches typically observed within leading technology organizations. The core objective is to foster a "shift-left" security paradigm, integrating robust security measures throughout the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) to proactively identify and mitigate risks rather than reacting to vulnerabilities post-deployment. The checklist systematically addresses key areas, including input validation, authentication, access control, cryptographic practices, error handling, logging, secure file management, and system configuration. For each practice, …

A Hybrid Ai-Powered Voice-Enabled Medical Practice Assistant With Dynamic Triage Routing And Multi-Modal Patient Interaction, Patrick Proctor

Defensive Publications Series

We present a novel implementation of a voice-enabled medical practice virtual assistant that combines real-time speech processing, intelligent medical triage routing, and multi-modal patient interaction capabilities. Our system employs a hybrid AI architecture that dynamically selects between different language models based on query complexity classification, reducing operational costs while maintaining high-quality responses for complex medical inquiries. The system incorporates a deterministic medical triage decision tree based on established nursing protocols, enabling automated routing of urgent cases while maintaining HIPAA compliance. Additionally, we introduce an innovative multi-step interaction pattern for location-aware services, seamlessly transitioning between voice input, location detection, and turn-by-turn …

Clustered Redundant Vias To Improve Power Delivery In Printed Circuit Boards, Na

Defensive Publications Series

Multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs) can use vertical vias to deliver power vertically. The resistance of a vertical via can result in large voltage drops and power losses. The voltage drop is exacerbated by the practice of using a single via per ball-grid array (BGA) ball. This disclosure describes techniques to reduce electrical resistance in PCB vias used for vertical power delivery, resulting in reduced voltage drops, reduced power losses, and improved power delivery efficiency. Clusters of redundant vias are introduced under each ball-grid array ball by leveraging high density interconnect (HDI) technology. The vias can be of type micro-via …

Low-Bandwidth, High-Sensitivity Telemetry Signal To Optimize Osc Launch Power During Deployment And Regular Operation, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to methods and systems employing a low-bandwidth, high-sensitivity telemetry signal integrated into optical line systems to dynamically optimize the launch power of an Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) during both deployment and normal operation. Traditionally, OSC power management faces challenges such as receiver overload on short spans and insufficient received power on longer spans, requiring manual provisioning. The disclosed telemetry signal independently and reliably measures optical span loss across an extended range (up to approximately 50 dB), significantly exceeding the measurement capabilities of conventional OSC signals. Using telemetry-derived span-loss data, OSC launch power can be automatically and …