Digital Commons Network^™

Generating Context-Aware Linearized Representations Of Tabular Data For Language Models, Ashutosh Dwivedi

Defensive Publications Series

Large Language Models (LLMs) may experience challenges when processing information from hypertext markup language (HTML) tables, as providing table data without its original on-page context can lead to suboptimal comprehension and factuality. A disclosed technology can address this with a two-step offline process. First, a context generation module can create a descriptive summary for a table by analyzing its page title, table title, and nearby caption text. Second, a linearization module can use this context to convert the structured HTML table into a descriptive, natural language paragraph. The resulting linearized text passages may enable LLMs to better comprehend and integrate …

Font Size Adjustment Based On Ambient Light And User Profile, Sahil Gupta

Defensive Publications Series

Reading text on electronic device displays can be difficult in varying ambient light conditions, particularly for users with age-related vision changes. Current solutions require manual font size adjustments, which are static, cumbersome, and separate from automatic brightness controls. This disclosure describes a method for adjusting the font size on a display in response to changing conditions, without requiring explicit user interaction. For example, an ambient light sensor may measure surrounding light levels, and user-specific data, such as age and/or a vision quality rating, can be optionally provided. An algorithm uses these inputs to determine an appropriate font size in real …

Secure Camera Via Power Supply Control Based On A Root Of Trust, Kevin Klug, Jett Rink, Neil Hendin

Defensive Publications Series

Cameras in portable devices are currently enabled or disabled by mechanical or software-based shutters. However, mechanical shutters can be unreliable and they add bulk to the device. Software-based shutters can be vulnerable to security breaches. This disclosure describes an electronic shutter for a camera where the electrical communication and/or power supply to the image sensor is controlled by a root-of-trust (RoT) module. A host device requests the RoT to enable or disable the camera. To authenticate the request, the host sends a private key, which the RoT uses to verify the authenticity of the request. If the RoT successfully authenticates …

Long-Life Index Protocol — Open Specification Of Incentive Smart Contracts For Durability And Predictive Maintenance Of Physical Assets, Xavier Pillet

Defensive Publications Series

This document, produced with the assistance of ChatGPT o3 and ChatGPT 5 Thinking, is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. It is a voluntary defensive publication (prior art) and therefore enters the prior art upon release under the applicable patent statutes : EPC Art. 54(2) (European Patent Convention), French IPC Art. L 611-11 (CPI), 35 U.S.C. §102(a) (United States Patent Act), Chinese Patent Law Art. 22(5) (中华人民共和国专利法), and Japanese Patent Act Art. 29(1) (特許法). It discloses 100 enabling inventions across devices & sensors, assays & QA, algorithms (TinyML/FL), closed-loop controllers, materials & packaging, NDT/imaging, privacy/standards, UX/workflows, and supply-chain. Proposals cover …

Interplanetary Rail Launcher: Open-Source White Paper (Hardware & Software) – 20 Km Electromagnetic Catapult, Lif Cryogenic Shoes And Retractable Mhd Shield (Trl, Bottlenecks, Roadmap 2025–2040), Xavier Pillet

Defensive Publications Series

This document, produced with the assistance of ChatGPT o3 and ChatGPT 5 Thinking, is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. It is a voluntary defensive publication (prior art) and therefore enters the prior art upon release under the applicable patent statutes: EPC Art. 54(2) (European Patent Convention), French IPC Art. L 611-11 (CPI), 35 U.S.C. §102(a) (United States Patent Act), Chinese Patent Law Art. 22(5) (中华人民共和国专利法), and Japanese Patent Act Art. 29(1) (特許法). We disclose enabling designs, controls, materials, tests, and data/operations workflows for a 20 km semi-vacuum electromagnetic launcher, LiF-based cryogenic shoes/maglev carriages, and a retractable REBCO 3 T …

Cloud Audits: A Technical Framework For Financial Institutions In A Multi-Cloud Era, Ramkumar Bharathan

Defensive Publications Series

This paper provides a comprehensive, forward-looking analysis of technology auditing within the financial services sector, specifically for multi-cloud infrastructures encompassing AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). It presents a detailed technical framework for modern audit practices, moving from traditional, reactive methodologies to a proactive, continuous assurance model. The framework details technical audit procedures for core cloud domains including Identity and Access Management (IAM), data protection, and network security, with a focus on provider-specific tooling and logging. It also provides a strategic roadmap for auditing emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). …

Interplanetary Rail Launcher: Open Architecture And Free Technology Bricks (Magseal, Mhd, Hts) – Full Report And Associated Data, Xavier Pillet

Defensive Publications Series

This document, produced with the assistance of ChatGPT o3 and ChatGPT 5 Thinking, is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. It is a voluntary defensive publication (prior art) and therefore enters the prior art upon release under the applicable patent statutes: EPC Art. 54(2) (European Patent Convention), French IPC Art. L 611-11 (French Intellectual Property Code), 35 U.S.C. §102(a) (United States Patent Act), Chinese Patent Law Art. 22(5) (中华人民共和国专利法), and Japanese Patent Act Art. 29(1) (特許法). It discloses 140+ enabling inventions for an interplanetary rail-launcher: MagSeal liquid-metal gates, large-Ø plasma windows, staged MHD vacuum pumps, deployable ReBCO shields, adaptive MHD …

Populating A Content Feed With High Quality Media Items That Match Specific Content Criteria, Boyuan Long, Kai Chen, Xia Wu, Omkar Pathak, Yueqi Wang, Ningren Han

Defensive Publications Series

Content sharing platforms typically populate content feeds with media items that are determined to be currently relevant. This allows the content sharing platforms to prioritize newer content for users. However, content sharing platforms typically fail to consider the quality of the media items provided to the user. This disclosure relates to populating a content feed with highquality media items that match specific content criteria. The specific content criteria can reflect specific media categories, styles, attributes, etc.

Social-Impact Technologies For Fair Wealth Distribution — 1990–2025, Xavier Pillet

Defensive Publications Series

This document, produced with the assistance of ChatGPT o3 and ChatGPT 5 Thinking, is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. It is a voluntary defensive publication (prior art) that enters the public domain of prior art upon release under the applicable patent statutes: EPC Art. 54(2) (European Patent Convention), French IPC Art. L 611-11 (French Intellectual Property Code), 35 U.S.C. §102(a) (United States Patent Act), Chinese Patent Law Art. 22(5) (中华人民共和国专利法), and Japanese Patent Act Art. 29(1) (特許法). The compendium enumerates 114 system-level, enabling inventions across inclusive fintech, digital identity, energy microgrids/DC, health/edtech, agriculture, logistics, and civic tech. Each proposal …

Test Seal Ring Elimination And Condition Monitoring

Defensive Publications Series

In the end fitting, terminating a length of an API 17J type flexible pipe, there may be a need to provide more than one seal ring to allow both for testing the integrity of the primary seal, and to offer redundancy in the event of a primary seal ring failure. Specifically for the internal seal system at the pressure barrier there may be stress relaxation and creep of the polymer seal layer which could affect the integrity of the seal over time, or there could be galling between the two metals of the seal and the end fitting at the …

Browser-Integrated Bidding System For Third-Party Ai Agent Tools, Jason Mayes

Defensive Publications Series

Currently, artificial intelligence agents may need to use multiple proprietary tools from different third parties to complete a complex user-assigned task. This creates a fragmented process for payment and tool selection, as there is no centralized mechanism for discovering, comparing, and paying for these agentic tools. In an example implementation, a web browser is configured to facilitate a bidding process for third-party agent tools. For example, when a specific function is required by an agent, suitable tools are identified by the web browser from a central marketplace or via indexes on websites. These tool providers can then bid for the …

Quantum-Resilient Democracy: Open-Access Reference For An Energy-Efficient Substrate-Based Majority Judgment Voting System, Xavier Pillet

Defensive Publications Series

This document, produced with the assistance of ChatGPT o3 and ChatGPT 5 Thinking, is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. It is a voluntary defensive publication (prior art) and therefore enters the prior art upon release under the applicable patent statutes: EPC Art. 54(2) (European Patent Convention), French IPC Art. L 611-11 (French Intellectual Property Code), 35 U.S.C. §102(a) (United States Patent Act), Chinese Patent Law Art. 22(5) (中华人民共和国专利法), and Japanese Patent Act Art. 29(1) (特許法). We disclose an enabling, open reference for a national-to-planetary Majority Judgment (JM) voting stack on an energy-frugal Substrate chain: on-chain JM tallying, PQ signatures …

Dynamically Generated And Personalized Audio Digests Using Artificial Intelligence, Danny Karmon, Ilia Labzovsky

Defensive Publications Series

This document describes techniques that enable a computing device (e.g., a smartphone, smart watch, wearable device, augmented reality glasses, vehicle infotainment system, etc.) to generate an adaptive audio digest. The system may use one or more artificial intelligence (AI) models, (e.g., a large language model (LLM), predictive LLM, generative model, machine learning model, etc.) to dynamically generate and personalize the adaptive audio digest (e.g., a personalized audio broadcast). With explicit user consent, AI models may pull content from various data sources and/or applications (e.g., calendar items, news preferences, music/podcast subscriptions, reminders, etc.). The AI may intelligently arrange this content, perhaps …

Pulsepower — Public-Domain Release Of Open Specifications For Bn-Diamondoid Capacitor, Self-Healing Cu-Graphene Busbar And Opto-Fmc, Xavier Pillet

Defensive Publications Series

This document, produced with the assistance of ChatGPT o3 and ChatGPT 5 Thinking, is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. It is a voluntary defensive publication (prior art) and enters the prior art upon release under the applicable patent statutes: EPC Art. 54(2) (European Patent Convention), French IPC Art. L 611-11 (French Intellectual Property Code), 35 U.S.C. §102(a) (United States Patent Act), Chinese Patent Law Art. 22(5) (中华人民共和国专利法), and Japanese Patent Act Art. 29(1) (特許法). The work discloses enabling architectures, materials, controls, QA, imaging, scheduling, and service workflows for ultra-high-power pulsed systems: BN-diamondoid capacitors, self-healing Cu-graphene busbars, and opto-FMC high-voltage …

On-The-Fly Adaptation Of Macromoe Llms Using Task-Specific Low-Rank Adapters, Johannes Start, John Lunney

Defensive Publications Series

A mixture of experts (MoE) is a way of building machine learning models (including large language models) that improves efficiency and scalability by activating only a subset of the model parameters during each inference step. The activated model-parameter subset is an expert in the domain of the input query. This disclosure describes techniques for efficient, dynamic specialization of LLMs that are based on a macro-MoE architecture. A plurality of foundational, pre-trained LLMs (‘macro-experts’), a library of distinct low-rank adaptation (LoRA) modules, and an adaptive gating network is provided. Upon receiving an input prompt, the gating network analyzes the prompt and …

Modular Language Model Architecture With Collaborative Routing Between Heterogeneous Experts, Johannes Start, John Lunney

Defensive Publications Series

Traditional large language models (LLMs) are single, massive models that are expensive and time-consuming to train. A mixture of experts (MoE) architecture attempts to ameliorate the relative inflexibility of traditional LLMs by activating only a subset of the model parameters (known as experts) during each inference step. However, even MoEs lack modularity, as their experts are trained together and generally do not collaborate. This disclosure describes an LLM architecture and techniques that utilize multiple, complete, and independently pre-trained LLMs as modular macro-experts. The architecture, referred to as a heterogeneous macro mixture of experts (macro-MoE), includes a trainable gating network that …

Enhanced Optical Supervisory Channel (Osc) Safety Verification For Automatic Laser Shutoff Systems, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure addresses critical safety vulnerabilities associated with Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) systems used for Automatic Laser Safety Shutoff (ALSO) in optical networks. Existing methods assume correct OSC connectivity based solely on manual provisioning, which poses significant risks of unsafe amplifier operation during fiber disruptions. This disclosure introduces two novel methods—OSC_noConfig and OSC Connection Validation (CV)—to robustly verify OSC connectivity. The OSC_noConfig method automatically detects missing OSC provisioning, simplifying safety shutoff criteria to a single-term threshold, thereby ensuring safe amplifier shutdown even when OSC messages are unreliable. The OSC CV method utilizes precise on-off keying signaling to confirm correct OSC …

Ultra-Light Diamond Lattices For Orbital And Terrestrial Uses: State Of The Art, 1g/0g Technological Feasibility And Strategic Roadmap (2025–2035), Xavier Pillet

Defensive Publications Series

This document, produced with the assistance of ChatGPT o3 and GPT-5 Thinking, is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. It is a voluntary defensive publication (prior art) and therefore enters the prior art upon release under the applicable patent statutes: EPC Art. 54(2) (European Patent Convention), French IPC Art. L 611-11 (French Intellectual Property Code), 35 U.S.C. §102(a) (United States Patent Act), Chinese Patent Law Art. 22(5) (中华人民共和国专利法), and Japanese Patent Act Art. 29(1) (特許法). It discloses 103 enabling inventions spanning ISRU materials (HIBE, ENZ–THz, graphene–regolith aerogels), orbital manufacturing, rail-launch subsystems (vacuum/diaphragms, MHD shields, cryo-tribology), QA/standards, logistics and controls. Each …

Next-Generation Isru Materials For Space Infrastructure: Hibe, Enz–Thz And Graphene–Regolith Aerogel, Xavier Pillet

Defensive Publications Series

This document, produced with the assistance of ChatGPT o3 and GPT-5 Thinking, is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. It is a voluntary defensive publication (prior art) and therefore enters the prior art upon release under the applicable patent statutes: EPC Art. 54(2) (European Patent Convention), French IPC Art. L 611-11 (French Intellectual Property Code), 35 U.S.C. §102(a) (United States Patent Act), Chinese Patent Law Art. 22(5) (中华人民共和国专利法), and Japanese Patent Act Art. 29(1) (特許法). It discloses 103 enabling inventions spanning ISRU materials (HIBE, ENZ–THz, graphene–regolith aerogels), orbital manufacturing, rail-launch subsystems (vacuum/diaphragms, MHD shields, cryo-tribology), QA/standards, logistics and controls. Each …

Lego-Dock 6d: Open-Source Multi-Physics Connector For Modular Space And Robotic Systems, Xavier Pillet

Defensive Publications Series

This document, produced with the assistance of ChatGPT o3 and GPT-5 Thinking, is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. It is a voluntary defensive publication (prior art) and therefore enters the prior art upon release under the applicable patent statutes: EPC Art. 54(2) (European Patent Convention), French IPC Art. L 611-11 (French Intellectual Property Code), 35 U.S.C. §102(a) (United States Patent Act), Chinese Patent Law Art. 22(5) (中华人民共和国专利法), and Japanese Patent Act Art. 29(1) (特許法). It discloses an androgynous 6-DOF multi-physics docking connector (fluids, high-current power, 1 Gbps data) for modular space/robotic systems, together with enabling QA/qualification methods, and two …

Open Blueprint: 2025–2040 Roadmap For A Circular Orbital Megastation — Rebco Maglev Ring, 6d Spirulina–Mycelium Photobioreactor And Mof-Li Water–Air Loop, Xavier Pillet

Defensive Publications Series

This document, produced with the assistance of ChatGPT o3 and GPT-5 Thinking, is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. It is a voluntary defensive publication (prior art) and therefore enters the prior art upon release under the applicable patent statutes: EPC Art. 54(2) (European Patent Convention), French IPC Art. L 611-11 (French Intellectual Property Code), 35 U.S.C. §102(a) (United States Patent Act), Chinese Patent Law Art. 22(5) (中华人民共和国专利法), and Japanese Patent Act Art. 29(1) (特許法). It discloses 160 enabling inventions for a circular orbital megastation: REBCO maglev gravity ring (mechanics, cryo, safety), 6D spirulina–mycelium photobioreactors (control, QA, imaging, biotech), and …

Framework For Governed Orchestration And Adaptive Lifecycle Management Of Hierarchical Artificial Intelligence Agents, Mithun Kumar S R

Defensive Publications Series

This document describes a framework for governing and managing hierarchical artificial intelligence (AI) agent systems. The framework addresses various limitations of current approaches, such as static architectures, naive delegation, high operational costs, lack of auditability, security vulnerabilities, and poor conflict handling. The framework includes a primary orchestrator node (PON) for task decomposition, a delegation and provisioning engine (DAPE) for agent selection and provisioning, specialized execution agents (SEAs) for task execution in secure sandboxes, a shared context manifold (SCM) for collaboration, a synthesis and reconciliation module (SRM) for output assembly, a causal traceability ledger for auditability, and a performance-driven optimization loop …

Optimized Fiber Movement During Datacenter Network Transformation, Na

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes techniques for optimal fiber movement between datacenter racks during network transformation and/or network configuration changes. Per techniques of this disclosure, when fibers are moved to adjacent racks, the fiber side is changed from its previous configuration, when such change is possible without routing across a fiber manager. This can involve moving super fibers to a spine-facing port area during cross-rack transitions in physical conversion. During subsequent logical conversion, super fibers originally in the spine-facing port area may use spine-facing ports, and fibers originally in the super-facing port area may use super-facing ports. Techniques described herein directly address …

Gain Switched Optical Fiber Amplifier With Programmable Optical Noise Source Mode, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

An optical amplifier is provided with a gain-switchable configuration integrated with an internal broadband noise source. The amplifier includes multiple amplification stages selectively interconnected by optical switches and variable optical attenuators, enabling operation in distinct gain modes. In addition to normal amplification, the amplifier is configurable into a noise-source mode using a dedicated noise seed source, providing a spectrally flattened, high-power amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). High input isolation is maintained to prevent unintended power surges or component damage during noise-source mode. The disclosed design facilitates advanced calibration, testing, and rapid fault recovery within optical networks, enhancing efficiency, reliability, and flexibility.

Etrasimod Intermediate, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

The present study aims to identify and characterize the polymorphic form of the Etrasimod intermediate disclosed in international publication WO2011/094008 A1, specifically the compound of Formula (I).

An Improved Process For Preparation Of Dexlansoprazole, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Dexlansoprazole (R)-(+)-([3-methyl-4-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) pyridine-2yl]methylsulfinyl)- 1H-benzo [d]imidazole is a proton pump inhibitor developed by Takeda pharmaceuticals. Dexlansoprazole is available as Dexilant in the market with 30 mg and 60 mg dosage forms for oral administration. First time United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) is approved for the treatment of erosive esophagitis and non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD or GORD)

Acid-Mediated Deprotection Of Cbz Groups: A Convenient And Scalable Alternative To Pd-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

The carbobenzyloxy (Cbz) group is widely used for protecting amines in synthetic chemistry due to its stability and ease of removal. Traditionally, Cbz deprotection relies on palladium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis under hydrogen gas, which, while effective, presents several drawbacks—particularly in commercial-scale applications

Sliding Track Structure - Eco System, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

This concept focuses on enhancing the reusability of laptop peripheral modules to reduce electronic waste and promote environmental sustainability.

Feature bricks by particular slide + Snap-on mechanical for quick and seamless connection and expansion.

Each individual module functions independently and can be freely combined with other modules to create entirely new functional products. Unlike fixed, rigid assemblies, this flexible design enables users to mix and match components according to their needs, fostering customization, reusability.

Analysis Of User Interaction Events For Conversion Matching Across Products, Ozgur Yonter, Arun Mathew, Alistair Hughes, Zhusong Li

Defensive Publications Series

Granular user interaction data can be used to guide product development, customize products per user preferences, and other purposes that can provide user benefits. However, it is difficult to efficiently aggregate and compare user interaction data from multiple different products and across different data dimensions in a privacy-preserving manner. This disclosure describes privacy-compliant techniques that generate insights into user behavior by analyzing user journeys cross-contextually across diverse products (including interaction via different modalities and user interfaces). Per the techniques, a conversion matching service (CMS) is built that offers flexibility in defining join algorithms that can be used for attribution. User-permitted …

Compact Battery Design With Adjustable Weight Distribution For Wearable Devices, Shengyin Ding, Yuchu He

Defensive Publications Series

Smart glasses integrate a number of energy-consuming elements. Providing battery cells to power these components while also enabling adequate battery life can result in designs that are heavy and uncomfortable. An important factor related to comfort is the weight distribution and center of gravity of the device. This disclosure describes techniques to tune the center of gravity of smart glasses by adjusting the distribution of battery cells across the structure of the glasses. Battery cells are arranged in a stacked configuration, with each cell sized and shaped according to the space available at its location. The distribution of battery-stack layers …