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Predictive And Adaptive Mac Learning As A Service For Cloud And Wireless Environments, Madhan Sankaranarayanan, Jaganbabu Rajamanickam, Alejandro Eguiarte, Akram Sheriff, Nagendra Kumar Nainar
Predictive And Adaptive Mac Learning As A Service For Cloud And Wireless Environments, Madhan Sankaranarayanan, Jaganbabu Rajamanickam, Alejandro Eguiarte, Akram Sheriff, Nagendra Kumar Nainar
Defensive Publications Series
The protocols typically used by overlay technologies, such as Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN), Virtual Extensible Local Area Network (VxLAN), Network Virtualization Overlays (NVO3), etc. are not designed to perform Media Access Control (MAC) learning validation. Thus, overlay environments may be subject to Denial-of-Service (DOS attacks), MAC spoofing, and other potential attacks/issues. Presented herein are techniques to facilitate a centralized service that performs MAC learning, referred to herein as "MAC Learning-as-a-Service" (MLaaS), such that MAC addresses, Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, and network virtualization edge (NVE) devices can be learned for an overlay environment. Such techniques as presented herein can provide …
Connecting Bnpl Providers And Ensuring Repayment, Aishwarya Chembilathel Ramachandran, Jenny Abraham
Connecting Bnpl Providers And Ensuring Repayment, Aishwarya Chembilathel Ramachandran, Jenny Abraham
Defensive Publications Series
The present disclosure includes a system that is managed by a BNPL advisor which allows for BNPL providers to make an intelligent decision when approving loans requested by cardholder. The BNPL advisor consolidates borrowing and repayment behavior onto a database of every card holder from different BNPL providers. This proprietary database would update the borrowed amount & returned amount through installments through an asynchronous connection to each BNPL provider – updating the entry whenever a repayment or borrowing is made. Using this data along with BNPL advisors own transaction data, a score that indicates the probability of complete repayment is …
Use Of Graph Databases To Detect Illegitimate Money Transfers, Partha Saha, Roger Huang, Hemant Deshpande, Sumit Lal, Sam Hamilton, Suman Mukherjee
Use Of Graph Databases To Detect Illegitimate Money Transfers, Partha Saha, Roger Huang, Hemant Deshpande, Sumit Lal, Sam Hamilton, Suman Mukherjee
Defensive Publications Series
The present disclosure includes a method that comprises of determining an entity identifier and a geographic location identifier. The method further includes forming an article identifier using the entity identifier and the geographic location identifier. The articles pertaining to the entity identifier and the geographic location identifier can be grouped. The articles can then be stored in an article database that is indexed to the entity identifier and the geographic location identifier. A suspicious entity in a graph database can be identified. Entities associated with the suspicious entity can be identified using the graph database. The method can then include …
Avoiding Speech Collisions In Multi-Party Conferencing Via Modulation And Time Shifting, D Shin
Avoiding Speech Collisions In Multi-Party Conferencing Via Modulation And Time Shifting, D Shin
Defensive Publications Series
Network latency coupled with the lack of audiovisual cues in multi-party online conferencing can lead users to experience speech collisions when two or more parties start speaking at roughly the same time. Attempts to repair speech collisions typically result in a period of silence and attempts to break the silence may result in further speech collisions. This disclosure describes techniques to automatically detect and correct speech collisions in a multi-party conference by breaking ties among simultaneous speakers by modulating the amplitude and/or shifting the time of the audio forward for any user who starts speaking after the first speaker. As …
Data Compression Using Contrastive Pre-Training And Large Language Models, D Shin
Data Compression Using Contrastive Pre-Training And Large Language Models, D Shin
Defensive Publications Series
Data compression enables reduction in cost for data storage and communication. Storage of data obtained from a variety of sensors and other data sources is expensive. Conventional compression techniques are specific to individual data types and not suitable for many data modalities such as location data, user interaction data, etc. Contrastive pre-training enables generating a text representation of an image that preserves valuable information, e.g., the subject of the image. This disclosure describes the use of modality-specific encoders in combination with a text encoder to generate a text summary of data in each modality. The text summaries are merged into …
Measuring User Journey Friction In Search Engines, Abhishek Roy, Rebecca Umbach
Measuring User Journey Friction In Search Engines, Abhishek Roy, Rebecca Umbach
Defensive Publications Series
This disclosure describes techniques to measure user friction in search tasks performed by a user using a search engine. User friction can be defined as the inverse of total time spent in refinement before a user obtains a desired search result. User friction is indicated by the amount of user actions taken before the user obtains a desired search result. Based on user-permitted metadata indicating queries and actions input by the user, a user search session is divided into user visit segments classified based on the query intent of the user, each segment indicating a search task. User friction scores …
Risk-Based Payment Authorization For Online Transactions, Stan Li, Aneesh Ali Nainamvalappil Cheriyakath, Archana Malhotra
Risk-Based Payment Authorization For Online Transactions, Stan Li, Aneesh Ali Nainamvalappil Cheriyakath, Archana Malhotra
Defensive Publications Series
This disclosure describes techniques for risk-based authentication and/or authorization of payments for transactions. Per techniques of this disclosure, risk signals associated with a transaction initiated from a user device are determined based on user-permitted factors. The risk signals are transmitted to a payment instrument issuer prior to the initiation of a payment authorization request. The payment instrument issuer can determine the risk associated with a transaction based on the risk signals. If the determined risk exceeds a threshold, the payment instrument issuer may request additional user verification, e.g., via a challenge-response mechanism. Payment credentials are provided based on the determined …
Measuring Net Occupancy Of A Parking Area With A Sensor Pair At Each Entry And Exit, D Shin
Measuring Net Occupancy Of A Parking Area With A Sensor Pair At Each Entry And Exit, D Shin
Defensive Publications Series
Many parking areas are equipped with sensors that detect whether a specific parking space is occupied. However, allocating a sensor for each parking space has high cost and is thus not scalable. This disclosure describes techniques to determine net parking space availability in a parking area by placing two sensors in line one after the other to act as a directional tripwire at each entrance and exit. The two sensors act as a directional tripwire. The temporal ordering of the signal peaks registered at the two sensors indicate the direction of travel of a vehicle. The total occupancy of the …
Language Identification For Language Agnostic Text, Shubhi Sareen, Vijay Garg, Abhinav Khandelwal, Nidhi Gupta, Srinivas Varanasi, Aditya Singh
Language Identification For Language Agnostic Text, Shubhi Sareen, Vijay Garg, Abhinav Khandelwal, Nidhi Gupta, Srinivas Varanasi, Aditya Singh
Defensive Publications Series
Detecting query language is an important task for applications such as search engines, virtual assistants, etc. It is difficult to correctly determine the language for short text. This task is even more difficult when the text includes references to entities, brands, or other words that are common across multiple languages. Language classifiers can be used to identify query language as well as to determine the intent language of the users. This disclosure relates to techniques to define and identify language agnostic tokens and phrases from text. The techniques described herein can be used to identify language agnostic text (e.g., in …
Application Of Ai/Ml Techniques To Create Confidence/Trust Score To Protect Users Against Phishing Attacks, Vinay Kumar Abburi, Stephen M. Orr
Application Of Ai/Ml Techniques To Create Confidence/Trust Score To Protect Users Against Phishing Attacks, Vinay Kumar Abburi, Stephen M. Orr
Defensive Publications Series
Existing methods to prevent phishing attacks in enterprise environments typically rely on employees being vigilant with regard to email and/or internet use. However, as employees juggle to work on multiple priorities, sometimes they fall prey to targeted phishing attacks. Presented herein are techniques through which data can be pulled from multiple sources and analyzed using AI/ML techniques in order to predict potential phishing attacks for users across multiple mediums.
Amf Selection And Signalling For Amf Recovery In An Enhanced Service-Based Architecture Utilizing Indirect Communications In 5g Networks, Vinod Kamalaraj, Dishant Parikh, Vimal Srivastava, Ravi Shekhar
Amf Selection And Signalling For Amf Recovery In An Enhanced Service-Based Architecture Utilizing Indirect Communications In 5g Networks, Vinod Kamalaraj, Dishant Parikh, Vimal Srivastava, Ravi Shekhar
Defensive Publications Series
Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) sets and regions, as defined in Release 15 of Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards, provide for the hierarchical organization of AMFs in which an AMF can belong to a set, and different AMF sets can belong to an AMF region. When an AMF fails, a peer can then search for an AMF in the same set, and if that fails, can then search for an AMF in the same region. 3GPP Release 16 standards introduced the indirect communications that can involve a Service Communication Proxy (SCP). However, the hierarchical discovery of an AMF …
Temporal Tokenization Service, Pratik Satapathy, Babu Saginadham, Ravi Bhushan Mishra, Vamsi Krishna Kalidindi, Abdul Jakeer Gurramkonda
Temporal Tokenization Service, Pratik Satapathy, Babu Saginadham, Ravi Bhushan Mishra, Vamsi Krishna Kalidindi, Abdul Jakeer Gurramkonda
Defensive Publications Series
The present disclosure relates to a method and system for provisioning of temporal tokens for payment cards and enabling payments using the temporal tokens. The present disclosure discloses methods to provision one or more temporal tokens to a payment card, that can be used by a customer or a trusted user registered or nominated by the customer, for performing transactions in scenarios where the payment card and an authenticated mobile device are not available with the customer or the trusted user. The present disclosure provides a secure and efficient method of performing transactions using the temporal tokens in the above …
Screenshots Enriched With Metadata To Enable Bookmarking And Semantic Retrieval, Duc-Hieu Tran
Screenshots Enriched With Metadata To Enable Bookmarking And Semantic Retrieval, Duc-Hieu Tran
Defensive Publications Series
Users capture screenshots of their devices while running particular applications for various purposes such as bookmarking a specific interaction or state of the application. However, currently, finding the correct screenshot at a later time is challenging since screenshots are not amenable to searching. Further, the non-interactive nature of screenshots makes them inadequate for accessing underlying content such as embedded links or multimedia resources. This disclosure describes techniques to automatically enhance screenshots by capturing relevant contextual metadata that can enable semantic indexing of screenshots. The indexing facilitates search and retrieval and can support resuming the underlying application in the same state …
Privacy In Personal Computing Using Frequency-Hopped Spread Spectrum, Michael R. Torres
Privacy In Personal Computing Using Frequency-Hopped Spread Spectrum, Michael R. Torres
Defensive Publications Series
Information displayed on display screens can easily be observed by an unauthorized person looking over the user’s shoulder or by a zoomed-in visual capture device within visible range of the screen, without the user being aware of such an observer. This form of attack where an unauthorized party obtains access to a user’s information is referred to as shoulder surfing and can lead to disclosure of the information displayed on the screen which is undesirable. This disclosure describes techniques to protect information displayed on a computer screen from such snooping by rendering it as a time-variant, randomly multicolored region. A …
Untethered Features And Capabilities For Camping, Dhiraj Vijayrao Jadhav
Untethered Features And Capabilities For Camping, Dhiraj Vijayrao Jadhav
Defensive Publications Series
A first computing device, such as a computerized watch (e.g., a “smartwatch”), may use certain navigation and communication features without connecting (e.g., tethering) to a second computing device, such as a mobile phone (e.g., a “smartphone”). For example, the first computing device may use one or more communication components (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) receiver) to determine a location of the first computing device (e.g., in real-time or substantially real-time) relative to a downloaded map. Additionally, the first computing device may use the communication components to perform two-way communication (e.g., transmit and receive signals). In some examples, the first …
Technique To Facilitate Adaptive Wide Area Network Configuration Based On Circuit Provider, Jay Prakash Tiwari, Senthil Kumar, Gururajan Sundar Rao, Praveen Poojary
Technique To Facilitate Adaptive Wide Area Network Configuration Based On Circuit Provider, Jay Prakash Tiwari, Senthil Kumar, Gururajan Sundar Rao, Praveen Poojary
Defensive Publications Series
When a Wide Area Network (WAN) network is growing rapidly across multiple sites and remote locations, organizations often seek adoptive configurations for WAN routers. Presented herein is a technique that provides for the ability to automatically identify a private circuit provider's "Color" (and/or other identifier(s) for the WAN overlay of the circuit provider) and to generate adoptive configurations that can be pushed to WAN edge routers. The technique presented herein can enable organizations to avoid human error in identifying links, miss-calling or mis-labeling, and/or suboptimal path selections.
Custom Unified Data Management (Udm) Application Programming Interface (Api) To Reduce Network Latency And Udm Load, Vinod Kamalaraj
Custom Unified Data Management (Udm) Application Programming Interface (Api) To Reduce Network Latency And Udm Load, Vinod Kamalaraj
Defensive Publications Series
In current Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) mobile core networks, when the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) and/or the Session Management Function (SMF) interacts with the Unified Data Management (UDM)/Unified Data Repository (UDR), three steps are involved: performing a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) GET step to request subscription information for a user equipment (UE), performing subscription creation for subscription information changes, and performing registration creation to enable other network functions (NFs) to query the UDM to determine which AMF/SMF is currently serving the UE. Such steps, however, can introduce inefficiencies in the network. In order to address such potential …
Script-Enabled Boot Time Memory Tests, N/A
Script-Enabled Boot Time Memory Tests, N/A
Defensive Publications Series
This disclosure describes techniques to perform vendor specific memory tests in product ecosystems that include multiple memory and processor vendors. Custom scripts are utilized to define memory tests for each memory-processor pair. Test scripts are utilized to match a particular DRAM part number to a memory test optimized for that particular part. The script includes settings and tests that stress the part in order to uncover defects. Once the memory controller and DRAMs are configured, the script writes patterns to DRAMs and reads the patterns back, checking for errors. A parser is utilized to convert custom test scripts into embeddable …
Skip Button For Uninteresting Irrelevant Content Segments, Ramprasad Sedouram
Skip Button For Uninteresting Irrelevant Content Segments, Ramprasad Sedouram
Defensive Publications Series
Many audio and video playback applications include functionality to skip over parts of the content being played. However, such controls skip predetermined duration of content and can inadvertently lead users to skip over content portions of interest. This disclosure describes techniques that automatically determine locations and lengths of uninteresting or non-information segments in content based on user interests and context, obtained with permission. Users are provided with a suitable user interface (UI) mechanism to skip over to the next moment of interest within the content. If the user permits, data on the portions that were skipped can be aggregated and …
Copying Current Video Frame In Web Browser, Xiaohan Wang
Copying Current Video Frame In Web Browser, Xiaohan Wang
Defensive Publications Series
When watching video content via a web browser, it is difficult for users to save or share a specific frame within the video since there is no mechanism for directly copying a specific frame within a video to the clipboard. Using workarounds for indirectly capturing the current video frame precisely is cumbersome and inconvenient. This disclosure describes techniques that enable users to copy the currently visible video frame in a browser or other video viewing application as an image to the clipboard via a single command provided via a suitable, commonly-known user interface (UI) mechanism. Any applications with access to …
Continuous Security Certificate Rotation On A Mutually Authenticated Network Connection, N/A
Continuous Security Certificate Rotation On A Mutually Authenticated Network Connection, N/A
Defensive Publications Series
Mutual authentication mechanisms that rely on certificates often have an expiry date attached to the certificates, which limits the usefulness of a certificate if it is exposed. The shorter the expiry, the better the protection; however, too short an expiry can cause service outages due to authentication failures if the certificate is not rotated in time. This disclosure describes techniques to re-authenticate an existing session upon demand by either party (client or server) of a mutual authentication scheme. If the new authentication fails (or if either certificate expires), the session is automatically broken. When re-authentication succeeds, it is transparent to …
Differential Charging On Non-Standalone 5g Networks, Naunidh Singh Chadha
Differential Charging On Non-Standalone 5g Networks, Naunidh Singh Chadha
Defensive Publications Series
In non-standalone architecture (NSA), a migration path to 5G, there is no easy way for a billing module to differentiate 5G data from LTE data, since most messages and attributes are by design kept identical to LTE. This disclosure describes techniques to enable a serving/PDN-gateway (SPGW) node to simulate a change in radio access technology (RAT) based on the IP ranges of the radio nodes. Online, RAT-based charging for data subscribers in the 5G NSA network can thereby be supported by the SPGW. The techniques have minimal impact on the overall ecosystem. In particular, other core or radio nodes need …
Using Location Cues For Efficient Data Compression And Transmission To Remote Server, D Shin
Using Location Cues For Efficient Data Compression And Transmission To Remote Server, D Shin
Defensive Publications Series
Data stored in the cloud can be simultaneously served to large swarms of nodes that stream bandwidth-intensive content. A direct transfer-and-store paradigm, as practiced today, can be inefficient in terms of bandwidth and memory. This disclosure describes techniques that leverage location proximity cues to selectively compress data that is transmitted over networks. Two nodes of a network processing similar video or audio divide and merge the compression stack such that reconstruction is performed with lower storage and bandwidth requirements, and at little to no loss of fidelity. For example, co-located cameras with partially overlapping fields-of-view encode their data to leverage …
System And Method For Sensitive Data Protection For Accessibility Users, Shreeharsha Rangarajan, Shashanka Arnady, Nithin Shakthidhar Bg
System And Method For Sensitive Data Protection For Accessibility Users, Shreeharsha Rangarajan, Shashanka Arnady, Nithin Shakthidhar Bg
Defensive Publications Series
Present disclosure discloses a method and a system for sensitive data protection for accessibility users. In some embodiments, the method includes receiving a message from user device (102-1) from the accessibility user, and identifying if the message includes sensitive data by using a predefined technique. Thereafter, the method discloses detecting if an audio device (106) is plugged in or not plugged in to the user device (102-1). If the audio device (106) is not plugged in to the user device (102-1) , the method includes performing obfuscation of the sensitive data and reads out the sensitive data with obfuscation. However, …
App Personalization With Images Generated Using Artificial Intelligence, Nithyanand Kota, Jatin Chhugani, Ganesh Mallya, Maneesh Dewan, Phillip Campion, Tilman Sporkert, Timir Shah
App Personalization With Images Generated Using Artificial Intelligence, Nithyanand Kota, Jatin Chhugani, Ganesh Mallya, Maneesh Dewan, Phillip Campion, Tilman Sporkert, Timir Shah
Defensive Publications Series
Personalized content such as app backgrounds, profile pictures, etc. help in creating a rich and interactive user experience for an app, potentially driving an increase in the active usage. Recent advancements in generative imagery can be used to generate images that are personalized to the user. However, current image generation techniques require a user to explicitly provide prompts to the generation model. This disclosure describes techniques that use generative artificial intelligence to automatically generate customized images for use as an app background or in other contexts. Prompts for image creation are generated based on user-permitted contextual information by using a …
Direct View Rendering With Head Tracking Feedback For 3d Video Calling, Anonymous
Direct View Rendering With Head Tracking Feedback For 3d Video Calling, Anonymous
Defensive Publications Series
When participants engage in a video call, discrepancies between the viewing direction from which a participant views other participants and the displayed view of the other participants can lead to a less than satisfactory experience. This disclosure describes techniques to select a subset of available cameras based on head and/or eye movements of participants in a video call to render a corresponding direct view. Cameras capture images of a viewing user that is viewing a display on which a 3D video of a second user (e.g., generated from images captured by a subset of a plurality of cameras) is displayed. …
Automated Conversion Of Impaired Speech In Communication Applications, Gang Feng, Xia Zhang, Pedro Moreno Mengibar, Fadi Biadsy, Liyang Jiang, Oleg Rybakov, Yuexin Wu, Joseph Chen
Automated Conversion Of Impaired Speech In Communication Applications, Gang Feng, Xia Zhang, Pedro Moreno Mengibar, Fadi Biadsy, Liyang Jiang, Oleg Rybakov, Yuexin Wu, Joseph Chen
Defensive Publications Series
Voice communication can be difficult for those with impaired or accented speech. When such users communicate with others via applications on their devices, listeners often find it difficult to understand them. This disclosure describes techniques that dynamically process impaired or accented speech and convert it to synthesized canonical speech with permission. Generation of the synthesized speech is performed with low latency as a user speaks, enabling the parties to engage in smooth communication that is unaffected by the speaker’s speech impairment. The listeners receive clear, fluent speech automatically generated by suitably trained models. In addition, users can personalize the operation …
Real Time Pronunciation Feedback On Small Screen Devices, Cattalyya Nuengsigkapian
Real Time Pronunciation Feedback On Small Screen Devices, Cattalyya Nuengsigkapian
Defensive Publications Series
This disclosure describes techniques for integrating the provision of real time pronunciation feedback into a user’s daily conversations. With user permission, real time speech is received and transcribed to text based on a semantic understanding of the conversation, the user’s history of mispronunciations, etc. A pronunciation score is calculated for different portions of the user’s speech, e.g., syllables, words, phrases, or sentences. Real time feedback (e.g., warnings) for mispronounced portions is provided using color, vibration, etc., in a manner that causes minimal distraction. The correct pronunciation can be indicated using audio, text, etc. The techniques can be implemented on any …
Smart Torque Wrench Control Using Machine Learning, N/A
Smart Torque Wrench Control Using Machine Learning, N/A
Defensive Publications Series
The technology described in this paper relates to a torque wrench and accompanying device for automatically guiding a user of the wrench to properly install joint connectors, flange connectors, bolts, and other mechanical components of a mechanical system, using a machine learning model (“ML”). The ML-enabled torque wrench can automatically set proper torque values for properly tightening mechanical components relative to some guideline, design specification, and/or user-specified threshold. A camera, for example on a computing device, can collect images of the target components to be manipulated by the wrench. A model trained to receive the images can automatically identify the …
Suggested Edits And Next Words For Voice Input Via Virtual Keyboard, Cristen Anderson Ho, Yohan Launay, Muhammed Rajeef M K, Melissa Mccoy, Garen Checkley
Suggested Edits And Next Words For Voice Input Via Virtual Keyboard, Cristen Anderson Ho, Yohan Launay, Muhammed Rajeef M K, Melissa Mccoy, Garen Checkley
Defensive Publications Series
Voice input is a convenient mode that enables users to overcome literacy and/or accessibility barriers because it is typically easier than typing and enables hands-free use of the device. On devices such as smartphones or tablets, a virtual keyboard with voice input capability is convenient and enables voice input to be provided to any application. However, virtual keyboard voice interfaces lack editing capabilities, often requiring users to start from scratch multiple times because of input mistakes, transcription errors, or automatic turning off of the microphone during pauses. This disclosure describes techniques that automatically provide users with suggestions for edits, deletions, …