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Counterforce And Theater Missile Defense: Can The Army Use An Asw Approach To The Scud Hunt?, James J. Wirtz Dr.
Counterforce And Theater Missile Defense: Can The Army Use An Asw Approach To The Scud Hunt?, James J. Wirtz Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The Gulf War demonstrated that theater missile defense (TMD) will be an important mission for the U.S. Army and its Patriot defense system in the years ahead. The author suggests that Army planners should view TMD not just as a simple tactical problem, but as an exercise that has important political and strategic ramifications that cut to the core of U.S. efforts to create and maintain international coalitions. A factor that will shape the political and military effectiveness of TMD is the resolution of the strategic problem of integrating counterforce options, active defenses and passive defenses. He argues that instead …
Assad And The Peace Process: The Pivotal Role Of Lebanon, Stephen C. Pelletiere Dr.
Assad And The Peace Process: The Pivotal Role Of Lebanon, Stephen C. Pelletiere Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The world is waiting for peace in the Middle East. At present the possibility of a settlement is delayed by differences between Israel and Syria. The two are far apart on how to solve one of the thornier problems of the negotiations--the eventual status of the Golan Heights. That Syria's President Assad and Israel's Prime Minister Rabin should find themselves in disagreement is not unusual--Israel and Syria have been enemies for years. But that Assad should be able to hold out against Israeli power is quite extraordinary. Assad has played an extremely astute game of diplomatic intrigue against the Israelis, …
Counterinsurgency: Strategy And The Phoenix Of American Capability, Steven Metz Dr.
Counterinsurgency: Strategy And The Phoenix Of American Capability, Steven Metz Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Dr. Steven Metz argues that the way the Department of Defense and U.S. military spend the time when counterinsurgency support is not an important part of American national security strategy determines how quickly and easily they react when policymakers commit the nation to such activity. If analysis and debate continues, at least at a low level, the military is better prepared for the reconstitution of capabilities. If it ignores global developments in insurgency and counterinsurgency, the reconstitution of capabilities would be more difficult.
Total Force: Federal Reserves And State National Guards, Charles E. Heller Col
Total Force: Federal Reserves And State National Guards, Charles E. Heller Col
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Never before in peacetime has the United States placed so much emphasis and reliance on the Armed Forces' Reserve Components. Since the Total Force Policy was introduced by Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird in 1970, this dependency has grown even more. The 1990 mobilization for OPERATION DESERT SHIELD and the follow-on offensive OPERATION DESERT STORM in 1991 validated the use of the Reserve Components for contingency operations and guaranteed the policy's extension for the foreseeable future. Yet, even with the renewed emphasis on the Reserve Components' roles, their legal basis, mission, mobilization, training, force structure, and relationship to their respective …
Pandora's Box Reopened: Ethnic Conflict In Europe And Its Implications, William T. Johnsen Dr.
Pandora's Box Reopened: Ethnic Conflict In Europe And Its Implications, William T. Johnsen Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The resurgence of ethnic animosities in Europe has substantial consequences for the United States, which has a vital interest in maintaining peace and stability in Europe. Because ethnic conflict potentially represents a significant threat to those national objectives, a strong likelihood exists that the United States will continue to be involved in efforts to prevent or resolve ethnically motivated violence. The purpose of this study is to help prepare soldiers, policymakers, and statesmen for future U.S. involvement in ethnic conflict in Europe. The study offers a brief explanation of the strategic significance of ethnic conflict in Europe. It next provides …
Security Cooperation With China: Analysis And A Proposal, Thomas L. Wilborn Dr.
Security Cooperation With China: Analysis And A Proposal, Thomas L. Wilborn Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Dr. Wilborn examines U.S.-China security cooperation before Tiananmen, the strategic context in which it took place, and the strategic environment of U.S.-China relations at the present time. He then concludes that the reasons which justified the program of security cooperation with China during the cold war are irrelevant today. Security cooperation and military-to-military relations with China are highly desirable in the strategic environment of the 1990s. China is a major regional power which inevitably will affect U.S. security interests, and the PLA is an extremely important institution within that nation. Additionally, as a member of the U.N. Security Council and …
Hamas And Hizbollah: The Radical Challenge To Israel In The Occupied Territories, Stephen C. Pelletiere Dr.
Hamas And Hizbollah: The Radical Challenge To Israel In The Occupied Territories, Stephen C. Pelletiere Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This study argues that Hamas and Hizbollah, the two main religious groups fighting Israel, probably are more threatening to U.S. interests than is generally believed. It discusses the various openings that the groups were able to exploit to advance themselves, and particularly how they profited from errors on the Israelis' part. At the same time, the study contends, there has been a corresponding rise of religious radicalism in Israel. This means that on both sides of the struggle--Jewish as well as Arab-- extremism is gaining strength. It is going to be difficult, the study concludes, to avoid a decisive confrontation …
Russian Policy And The Korean Crisis, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Russian Policy And The Korean Crisis, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
North Korea's nuclear program is the greatest current threat to U.S. and Northeast Asian security. The outcome of negotiations over this program will have a tremendous impact on the future of the Korean peninsula and on the vital interests of the United States and neighboring states to North and South Korea: China, Japan, and Russia. Bearing this in mind, the Center for Strategic and International Studies convened a conference on June 28-29, 1994, to consider the crisis surrounding North Korea's nuclear program in its international context. Experts spoke about the program and its impact on the two Koreas and on …
Energy And Security In Transcaucasia, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Energy And Security In Transcaucasia, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
One of the world's enduring regional conflicts is in Nagorno-Karabakh. This war pits local Armenians and their cousins from Armenia against Azerbaidzhan and has enmeshed Russia, Turkey and the Western allies (France, Great Britain, and the United States) in a complex series of regional relationships. The international stakes of this war involve the control over exploration for natural gas and oil and the transhipment of these commodities from Azerbaidzhan to the West. Energy resources represent Azerbaidzhan's primary means of economic modernization and are therefore vital to its economic and political freedom. For Russia and Turkey the question is one of …
Responding To Terrorism Across The Technological Spectrum, Bruce Hoffman Dr.
Responding To Terrorism Across The Technological Spectrum, Bruce Hoffman Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
In April 1994, the Army War College's Strategic Studies Institute held its annual Strategy Conference. This year's theme was "The Revolution in Military Affairs: Defining an Army for the 21st Century." Dr. Bruce Hoffman presented this paper as part of a panel examining "New Technologies and New Threats." Terrorism, of course, is not new. Hoffman warns, however, of the changing nature of terrorism. In the past, terrorists have been motivated by limited political and ideological objectives. Popular images fostered by terrorist events like the bombing of PAN AM Flight 103 and the attack on the Marine Barracks in Beirut notwithstanding, …
Another View Of The Revolution In Military Affairs, Jeffrey R. Cooper Mr.
Another View Of The Revolution In Military Affairs, Jeffrey R. Cooper Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
In April 1994, the Army War College and the Strategic Studies Institute hosted the Fifth Annual Strategy Conference. The theme of this year's conference was "The Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA): Defining an Army for the 21st Century."
Jeffrey R. Cooper presented the following paper as part of an opening panel which sought to define the RMA. He urges defense planners to determine what strategic--as opposed to operational-- benefits might be derived from the RMA. He contends that making the internal reforms that will be required will be as challenging as coming to terms with the operational and strategic implications …
Two Historians In Technology And War, John F. Guilmartin Dr., Michael Howard Sir
Two Historians In Technology And War, John F. Guilmartin Dr., Michael Howard Sir
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
In April 1994, the Army War College's Strategic Studies Institute held its annual Strategy Conference. The theme for this year's conference was "The Revolution in Military Affairs: Defining an Army for the 21st Century." Sir Michael and Professor Guilmartin are historians who have experienced warfare; indeed, have distinguished themselves in combat. Sir Michael Howard served in the Coldstream Guards in Italy in the Second World War. Dr. Guilmartin served two tours as a U.S. Air Force rescue helicopter pilot in Vietnam. Their personal experience with warfare is expressed eloquently in the following pages as they make the point that war …
Proliferation And Nonproliferation In Ukraine: Implications For European And U.S. Security, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Proliferation And Nonproliferation In Ukraine: Implications For European And U.S. Security, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Limiting nuclear proliferation is a vital goal of U.S. security policy. With this in mind, the Strategic Studies Institute cosponsored a conference at the University of Pittsburgh on March 16-17, 1994 to deal with the issues involved in achieving this objective. An additional U.S. objective is the stabilization of relationships among the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States. These two issues come together in Ukraine which, upon achieving independence, found itself in possession of nuclear missiles that were positioned in the former Soviet Union and on Ukraine's territory. Ukraine was reluctant to relinquish control of them for security reasons. …
Russia's New Doctrine: Two Views, James F. Holcomb Colonel, Michael M. Boll Dr.
Russia's New Doctrine: Two Views, James F. Holcomb Colonel, Michael M. Boll Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The future direction of Russian security and defense policies is a fundamental issue in contemporary world politics. Future Russian policies will have a major impact on all nuclear issues; on bilateral relations with the United States; and on European, Middle Eastern, Central Asian, and Far Eastern security. One primary indicator of the direction of Russian policies is the new Defense Doctrine published in November 1993. This document has aroused much controversy and diverging assessments as to its significance. However, since it encompasses all the major issues in Russia's security and defense agenda, it is a major statement that is crucial …
The New Russia In The New Asia, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
The New Russia In The New Asia, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This monograph offers an account of the current struggle inside Russia over Asian policy and of the direction of that struggle. The author describes the dominant Russian viewpoints on policy in Asia. Current proponents of an Asian policy based primarily upon military considerations seem to hold sway. Advocates of this approach downplay economic integration with Asia, view other states mainly in terms of threat, favor an alliance with China rather than merely friendly relations, openly take a hard line with Japan, and minimize the threat of North Korean nuclear proliferation. Should this view prevail, Russian cooperation with Washington will be …
The Revolution In Military Affairs And Conflict Short Of War, James Kievit Ltc, Steven Metz Dr.
The Revolution In Military Affairs And Conflict Short Of War, James Kievit Ltc, Steven Metz Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The authors concede that the revolution in military affairs holds great promise for conventional, combined-arms warfare, but conclude that its potential value in conflict short of war, whether terrorism, insurgency, or violence associated with narcotrafficking, is not so clear-cut. Given this, national leaders and strategists should proceed cautiously and only after a full exploration of the ethical, political, and social implications of their decisions. To illustrate this, the authors develop a hypothetical future scenario--a "history" of U.S. efforts in conflict short of war during the first decade of the 21st century. It is too early to offer concrete policy prescriptions …
Whither The Rma: Two Perspectives On Tomorrow's Army, Raoul Henri Alcala Col, Paul Bracken Dr.
Whither The Rma: Two Perspectives On Tomorrow's Army, Raoul Henri Alcala Col, Paul Bracken Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
In April 1994, the Army War College's Strategic Studies Institute hosted its Fifth Annual Strategy Conference. The theme was "The Revolution in Military Affairs: Defining an Army for the 21st Century." After fourteen of the nation's leading defense scholars presented papers on the role of technology in warfare, Dr. Paul Bracken and Colonel Raoul Alcala concluded the conference by offering their views of the Army's future. Professor Bracken contends that the Army of the 21st century will be shaped by domestic concerns as much as by external threats to American security. While economic power has increased in importance in international …
The Revolution In Military Affairs: A Framework For Defense Planning, Michael J. Mazarr Dr.
The Revolution In Military Affairs: A Framework For Defense Planning, Michael J. Mazarr Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
In April 1994, the Army War College's Strategic Studies Institute held its annual Strategy Conference. This year's theme was "The Revolution in Military Affairs: Defining an Army for the 21st Century." Dr. Michael J. Mazarr argues that the current revolution in military affairs is part of a larger sociopolitical transformation. The new technologies both propelling and resulting from this transformation are having a profound impact on warfare. Dr. Mazarr urges military and civilian strategists, planners, and decisionmakers to think about armed conflict in ways so novel that those used to dealing with "the unchanging truths about war" may feel threatened. …
War In The Information Age, James M. Dubik Colonel, Gordon R. Sullivan General
War In The Information Age, James M. Dubik Colonel, Gordon R. Sullivan General
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
We are beginning to realize the emergence of a new age--the information age. On the one hand, the full dimensions of this new age, if indeed it is such, are unknown. On the other hand, the authors argue that enough is known to conclude that the conduct of war in the future will be profoundly different. Paradoxically, however, they claim that the nature of war will remain basically the same. In this monograph, General Sullivan and Colonel Dubik examine that paradox and draw some inferences from it. This monograph explains the governing concepts of the industrial age and how they …
Trends In German Defense Policy: The Defense Policy Guidelines And The Centralization Of Operational Control, Thomas-Durell Young Dr.
Trends In German Defense Policy: The Defense Policy Guidelines And The Centralization Of Operational Control, Thomas-Durell Young Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Like most of its NATO allies, the Federal Republic of Germany has undertaken a massive restructuring of its armed forces. The end of the Cold War, the need for unified Germany to assume responsibility for its security, and the current economic recession have made German defense planning extremely difficult. Bonn is also under pressure to reorient the Bundeswehr (Federal Armed Forces) from a defense force organized to deter war in the Central Region to one with deployment capabilities similar to those of other comparable powers. However, countervailing domestic and external political pressures have impeded this reorganizing effort. Internally, even a …
Nuclear Threats From Small States, Jerome H. Kahan Mr.
Nuclear Threats From Small States, Jerome H. Kahan Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
That are the policy implications regarding proliferation and counterproliferation of nuclear weapons among Third World states? How does deterrence operate outside the parameters of superpower confrontation as defined by the cold war's elaborate system of constraints enforced by concepts like mutual assured destruction, and counter-value and counter-force targeting? How can U.S. policymakers devise contingencies for dealing with nuclear threats posed by countries like North Korea, Libya, Iraq, Iran, and Syria? These are some of the unsettling but nevertheless important questions addressed by the author. Mr. Jerome Kahan examines the likelihood that one or more of these countries will use nuclear …
America In The Third World: Strategic Alternatives And Military Implications, Steven Metz Dr.
America In The Third World: Strategic Alternatives And Military Implications, Steven Metz Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The author examines the problems of the Third World and the debates that exist regarding the most effective U.S. response to these problems. He has concluded that the Third World is undergoing such significant change that most of the basic assumptions undergirding past and current U.S. policy are no longer viable. He urges a fundamental and radical revision of our national strategy toward the Third World, and recommends a future strategy that would see far more selective and discrete involvement in these staggering problems. If our national leaders accept his theories concerning failed states, they will be less inclined to …
The Owl Of Minerva Flies At Twilight: Doctrinal Change And Continuity And The Revolution In Military Affairs, David Jablonsky Dr.
The Owl Of Minerva Flies At Twilight: Doctrinal Change And Continuity And The Revolution In Military Affairs, David Jablonsky Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Revolutions in military affairs have never been strictly military phenomena. Social and political transformations in the past have also been major and often catalytic ingredients of such revolutions. The current revolution is no exception, whether it involves the relationship of communication-information breakthroughs to the interaction of the elements of Clausewitz's remarkable trinity, or the civil- military aspects concerning the use of military force in the post-cold war era. In all this, the United States military, and particularly the United States Army, is doctrinally ready to move into the revolution underway in military affairs. On the one hand, there is the …
World View: The 1994 Strategic Assessment From The Strategic Studies Institute, Steven Metz Dr., Earl H. Tilford Dr.
World View: The 1994 Strategic Assessment From The Strategic Studies Institute, Steven Metz Dr., Earl H. Tilford Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Every year the analysts at the Strategic Studies Institute prepare current strategic assessments for their particular areas of interest. These assessments are the bedrock of the annual SSI Study Program. This year's assessments seem especially crucial as the strategic situation throughout the world is far more complex and fraught with danger than many may realize. The dramatically altered world of the post-cold war period is not the peaceful and tranquil scene many had longed for and thought had, indeed, arrived. From the Danube eastward along the southern boundaries of what used to be the Soviet Union, ethnic conflict is rampant. …
Environmental Security: A Dod Partnership For Peace, Kent Hughes Butts Dr.
Environmental Security: A Dod Partnership For Peace, Kent Hughes Butts Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
International environmental issues can lead to instability and conflict that threaten U.S. security interests and may result in the commitment of U.S. forces. Chronic, unresolved environmental issues threaten stability in such critical regions as the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East. Recognizing this, the Department of Defense (DOD) has committed itself to using DOD assets to mitigate environmental issues that could lead to instability. However, a strategy to implement this proactive policy has not been developed. As part of the effort to create this strategy, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army (Environment, Safety and Occupation …
Reconciling The Irreconcilable: The Troubled Outlook For U.S. Policy Toward Haiti, Gabriel Marcella Dr., Donald E. Schulz Dr.
Reconciling The Irreconcilable: The Troubled Outlook For U.S. Policy Toward Haiti, Gabriel Marcella Dr., Donald E. Schulz Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Few foreign policy issues have been more frustrating to the U.S. Government during the past year than the Haitian crisis. Thus, this report could not be more timely. The title is suggestive. The authors describe different courses of action and the steps that the United States might take to implement them. None of the choices are attractive and none of them can guarantee success. However, because the situation facing the Haitian people continues to worsen, the sooner we come to terms with that situation the better. Drs. Schulz and Marcella have made a major contribution to that process through their …
Ethnic Conflict: Implications For The Army Of The Future, William A. Stofft Major General, Gary L. Guertner Dr.
Ethnic Conflict: Implications For The Army Of The Future, William A. Stofft Major General, Gary L. Guertner Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Ethnic conflict is an ascendant phenomenon replacing ideology as a social force most likely to promote violence and regional instability. The ferocity of ethnic violence and its potential for escalation increase the political pressures for U.S. leadership and collective engagement. The U.S. Army has a direct interest in ethnic-based conflicts because land power is the dominant means for intervention through coalition peacekeeping and peace-enforcement operations. For these reasons, the Army War College was tasked to identify potential Army requirements for responding to ethnic-based, regional conflicts. This study pinpoints specific patterns of ethnic conflict, and cautions that each may confront military …
Meeting The Challenges Of Regional Security, Leonard Sullivan Honorable
Meeting The Challenges Of Regional Security, Leonard Sullivan Honorable
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The Honorable Leonard Sullivan, a former Assistant Secretary of Defense, maintains that the disorder in the post-cold war world must be addressed in radically new and innovative ways. Old alliances, structured for containment, will not be adequate in a world where the challenges may be more appropriately addressed by police forces than by traditionally structured military forces. This sweeping analysis suggests that, in the future, regional security apparatuses (RSAs) will be needed to deal with problems which issue from specific socio-cultural and economic conditions rather than from ideology or the pursuit of traditional national interests by the superpowers. Mr. Sullivan …
Can Europe Survive Maastricht?, Douglas Stuart Dr.
Can Europe Survive Maastricht?, Douglas Stuart Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Professor Douglas Stuart, with the generous support of the Ford Foundation, presents a much needed analysis of the Maastricht Treaty and its effects on Europe. He maintains that the Western European leaders have lost sight of the true meaning and potential value of European integration in recent years. This, he explains, accounts for the European Union's seeming inability to respond effectively to international crises, such as the one in former Yugoslavia. Professor Stuart concludes that unless the European Union reassesses its priorities and policies, the fundamental aspiration of maintaining European unity may be lost.
The Future Of Insurgency, Steven Metz Dr.
The Future Of Insurgency, Steven Metz Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Security professionals and strategists are discovering the post-cold war world is as rife with persistent, low-level violence as its predecessors. In fact, many regions are experiencing a rise in the amount of conflict in the absence of restraints previously imposed by the superpowers. Since frustration in many parts of the Third World is actually increasing, insurgency--the use of low-level, protracted violence to overthrow a political system or force some sort of fundamental change in the political and economic status quo--will be an enduring security problem. Unfortunately, most existing doctrine and strategy for dealing with insurgency are based on old forms …