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Preventive War And Its Alternatives: The Lessons Of History, Dan Reiter Dr.
Preventive War And Its Alternatives: The Lessons Of History, Dan Reiter Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The 2002 National Security Strategy suggested preventive attacks, diplomacy, deterrence, and other policies as means of curtailing threats presented by the spread of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons to terrorists and rogue states. The author analyzes which mix of these policies might best and most cost effectively address the NBC threat, with special focus on preventive attacks. The past performances of preventive attacks, diplomacy, deterrence, and other policies as means of curtailing the NBC threat are analyzed. The central findings are that preventive attacks are generally unsuccessful at delaying the spread of NBC weapons; that deterrence, especially nuclear deterrence, …
Counterterrorism In African Failed States: Challenges And Potential Solutions, Thomas A. Dempsey Colonel
Counterterrorism In African Failed States: Challenges And Potential Solutions, Thomas A. Dempsey Colonel
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Terrorist groups operating in Sub-Saharan Africa failed states have demonstrated the ability to avoid the scrutiny of Western counterterrorism officials, while supporting and facilitating terrorist attacks on the United States and its partners. The potential acquisition of nuclear weapons by terrorists makes terrorist groups operating from failed states especially dangerous. U.S. counterterrorism strategies largely have been unsuccessful in addressing this threat. A new strategy is called for, one that combines both military and law enforcement efforts in a fully integrated counterterrorism effort, supported by a synthesis of foreign intelligence capabilities with intelligence-led policing to identify, locate, and take into custody …
Planning For And Applying Military Force: An Examination Of Terms, Paul K. Van Riper Lieutenant General (Usmc Ret)
Planning For And Applying Military Force: An Examination Of Terms, Paul K. Van Riper Lieutenant General (Usmc Ret)
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The author briefly examines current and in some cases still evolving definitions in joint doctrine--especially as regards strategy, center of gravity, decisive point, and commander's intent. He discusses the heritage of those concepts and terms, most of which derived from the writings of Clausewitz and Sun Tzu, and finds that current joint planning definitions and concepts tend to confuse more than they inform.
Cu @ The Fob: How The Forward Operating Base Is Changing The Life Of Combat Soldiers, Leonard Wong Dr., Stephen J. Gerras Dr.
Cu @ The Fob: How The Forward Operating Base Is Changing The Life Of Combat Soldiers, Leonard Wong Dr., Stephen J. Gerras Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The situation in post-war Iraq is producing combat veterans accustomed to a perspective of combat that differs greatly from past wars. The Forward Operating Base (FOB) has become the mainstay of the U.S. presence in Iraq. The authors explore the facets of fighting from the FOB. Their research shows that the FOB gives soldiers the unprecedented advantage of gaining a respite from constant danger, minimizing the wearing effects of hunger and fatigue, and reducing the isolation of combat. As a result, many of the factors of psychological stress typically present in combat are greatly reduced. They also point out, however, …
Irregular Enemies And The Essence Of Strategy: Can The American Way Of War Adapt?, Colin S. Gray Dr.
Irregular Enemies And The Essence Of Strategy: Can The American Way Of War Adapt?, Colin S. Gray Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The author offers a detailed comparison between the character of irregular warfare, insurgency in particular, and the principal enduring features of "the American way." He concludes that there is a serious mismatch between that "way" and the kind of behavior that is most effective in countering irregular foes. The author poses the question, Can the American way of war adapt to a strategic threat context dominated by irregular enemies? He suggests that the answer is "perhaps, but only with difficulty."
Training Indigenous Forces In Counterinsurgency: A Tale Of Two Insurgencies, James S. Corum Dr.
Training Indigenous Forces In Counterinsurgency: A Tale Of Two Insurgencies, James S. Corum Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The author examines the British experience in building and training indigenous police and military forces during the Malaya and Cyprus insurgencies. These two insurgencies provide a dramatic contrast to the issue of training local security forces. In Malaya, the British developed a very successful strategy for training the Malayan Police and army. In Cyprus, the British strategy for building and training local security forces generally was ineffective. The author argues that some important lessons can be drawn from these case studies that are directly applicable to current U.S. counterinsurgency doctrine.
Recognizing And Understanding Revolutionary Change In Warfare: The Sovereignty Of Context, Colin S. Gray Dr.
Recognizing And Understanding Revolutionary Change In Warfare: The Sovereignty Of Context, Colin S. Gray Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The author provides a critical audit of the great RMA debate and of some actual RMA behavior and warns against a transformation that is highly potent only in a narrow range of strategic cases. He warns that the military effectiveness of a process of revolutionary change in a "way of war" can only be judged by the test of battle, and possibly not even then, if the terms of combat are very heavily weighted in favor of the United States. On balance, the concept of revolutionary change is found to be quite useful, provided it is employed and applied with …
The Mexican Armed Forces In Transition, Ian Nicholls Colonel, Jordi Diez Dr.
The Mexican Armed Forces In Transition, Ian Nicholls Colonel, Jordi Diez Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
After the 9/11 attacks on the United States, homeland defense became the primary issue in U.S. defense policy. It was clear that homeland defense would have to become a trilateral continental issue and include Canada and Mexico. Because the United States and Canada already had developed a relatively close relationship during and after World War II, as a result of their common interests and efforts in NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and NORAD (North American Air Defense), it became important to become more knowledgeable regarding the Mexican armed forces. The authors are well-acquainted with the Mexican armed forces, and have …
A Hundred Osamas: Islamist Threats And The Future Of Counterinsurgency, Sherifa D. Zuhur Dr.
A Hundred Osamas: Islamist Threats And The Future Of Counterinsurgency, Sherifa D. Zuhur Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This monograph takes its title from President Hosni Mubarak's prediction that American involvement in Iraq would give rise to a "hundred Osamas." The author explores "the new jihad" and the regeneration of Islamist insurgencies and extremist movements in the context of religious and political movements throughout the Muslim world. It describes the contributions of various Islamist leaders to this discourse of extremism and how their strategies of recruitment, retention and engagement function. In contrast, various U.S. responses to extremists are critiqued, and new elements of a counterstrategy are proposed.
Victories Are Not Enough, Samuel J. Newland Dr.
Victories Are Not Enough, Samuel J. Newland Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Since the early stages of World War II, militaries in general, and the U.S. Army in particular, have studied the German way of war, specifically as practiced in the 20th century. While acknowledging that Germany—and before that nation came into existence, Prussia—produced some excellent armies, major problems with the German way of war must not be ignored. Despite the military prowess of Germany, it lost both of the major wars of the 20th century. The author explores the reasons why a nation with such a strong military reputation was unable to win its wars and achieve its goals. He emphasizes …
Revisions In Need Of Revising: What Went Wrong In The Iraq War, David C. Hendrickson Dr., Robert W. Tucker Dr.
Revisions In Need Of Revising: What Went Wrong In The Iraq War, David C. Hendrickson Dr., Robert W. Tucker Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Though critics have made a number of telling points against the Bush administration's conduct of the Iraq war, the most serious problems facing Iraq and its American occupiers—criminal anarchy and lawlessness, a raging insurgency and a society divided into rival and antagonistic groups—were virtually inevitable consequences that flowed from the act of war itself. Military and civilian planners were culpable in failing to plan for certain tasks, but the most serious problems had no good solution. Even so, there are lessons to be learned. These include the danger that the imperatives of "force protection" may sacrifice the broader political mission …
Transformation For What?, John White Dr.
Transformation For What?, John White Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
One of the most significant of global security reassessments is currently underway, driven by Operations IRAQI FREEDOM and Operation ENDURING FREEDOM, continuing technological developments, budget constraints, and the debate associated with the 2005 Quadrennial Defense Review. To provide senior defense leaders with ideas on security transformation, the Strategic Studies Institute has joined with the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government to bring together top experts on an annual basis. For the third meeting in this series—held in November 2004—the National Defense University joined as a partner. The informed and …
Going To War With The Allies You Have: Allies, Counterinsurgency, And The War On Terrorism, Daniel Byman Dr.
Going To War With The Allies You Have: Allies, Counterinsurgency, And The War On Terrorism, Daniel Byman Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Washington must recognize that its allies, including those in the security forces, are often the source of counterinsurgency problems as well as the heart of any solution. The author argues that the ally's structural problems and distinct interests have daunting implications for successful U.S. counterinsurgency efforts. The nature of regimes and of societies feeds an insurgency, but the United States is often hostage to its narrow goals with regard to counterinsurgency and thus becomes complicit in the host-nation's self-defeating behavior. Unfortunately, U.S. influence often is limited as the allies recognize that America's vital interests with regard to fighting al-Qa'ida-linked groups …
Fourth-Generation War And Other Myths, Antulio J. Echevarria Dr.
Fourth-Generation War And Other Myths, Antulio J. Echevarria Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Fourth Generation War (4GW) emerged in the late 1980s, but has become popular due to recent twists in the war in Iraq, and terrorist attacks worldwide. In brief, the theory holds that warfare has evolved through four generations: 1) the use of massed manpower, 2) firepower, 3) maneuver, and now 4) an evolved form of insurgency that employs all available networks—political, economic, social, military—to convince an opponent's decision makers that their strategic goals are either unachievable or too costly. Further, the theory contends that this last form characterizes the terrorists' way of fighting today. Despite reinventing itself several times, the …
Venezuela's Hugo Chavez, Bolivarian Socialism, And Asymmetric Warfare, Max G. Manwaring Dr.
Venezuela's Hugo Chavez, Bolivarian Socialism, And Asymmetric Warfare, Max G. Manwaring Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
¿Habla español?
Military Review translated this study to Spanish. View the translated study. The author answers questions regarding "Who is Hugo Chavez?" "How can the innumerable charges and countercharges between the Venezuelan and U.S. governments be interpreted?" "What are the implications for democracy and stability in Latin America?" In an attempt to answer these and related questions, the analysis centers on the contemporary geopolitical conflict context of current Venezuelan "Bolivarian" (bolivarianismo) policy. To accomplish this, a basic understanding of the political-historical context within which Venezuelan national security policy is generated is an essential first step toward understanding the situation …
Precedents, Variables, And Options In Planning A U.S. Military Disengagement Strategy From Iraq, W. Andrew Terrill Dr., Conrad C. Crane Dr.
Precedents, Variables, And Options In Planning A U.S. Military Disengagement Strategy From Iraq, W. Andrew Terrill Dr., Conrad C. Crane Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The questions of how to empower the Iraqis most effectively and then progressively withdraw non-Iraqi forces from that country is one of the most important policy problems currently facing the United States. The authors seek to present the U.S. situation in Iraq in all of its complexity and ambiguity, with policy recommendations for how that withdrawal strategy might be most effectively implemented. They consider previous instances of U.S. military occupation of foreign countries and the difficulty of maintaining domestic support for such operations. The authors view the empowerment of a viable Iraqi central government and a security force to defend …
Natural Allies? Regional Security In Asia And Prospects For Indo-American Strategic Cooperation, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Natural Allies? Regional Security In Asia And Prospects For Indo-American Strategic Cooperation, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
One of the hallmarks of the two Bush administrations' foreign and defense policies has been a growing rapprochement with India. Indeed, in June 2005 the U.S. Government signed a defense agreement with that country. In part, this rapprochement is driven by and coincides with India's increasingly visible role as a major Asian power. This monograph seeks to illuminate India's rising power and capabilities with regard to the key regions on its periphery: the Persian Gulf, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. The author also considers the major issues pertaining to India's bilateral defense agenda with the United States. By revealing the …
Chinese National Security: Decisionmaking Under Stress, Andrew Scobell Dr., Larry M. Wortzel Dr.
Chinese National Security: Decisionmaking Under Stress, Andrew Scobell Dr., Larry M. Wortzel Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This volume represents the fruits of a conference held at the U.S. Army War College in September 2005 on the theme of "Chinese Crisis Management." One of the major debates that emerged among participants was whether all the case studies under examination constituted crises in the eyes of China's leaders. The consensus was that not all of those incidents were perceived as crises. As a result the rubric of "decision making under stress" was adopted as presenters revised their papers for publication.
Chinese National Security: Decisionmaking Under Stress, Andrew Scobell Dr., Larry M. Wortzel Dr.
Chinese National Security: Decisionmaking Under Stress, Andrew Scobell Dr., Larry M. Wortzel Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This volume represents the fruits of a conference held at the U.S. Army War College in September 2005 on the theme of "Chinese Crisis Management." One of the major debates that emerged among participants was whether all the case studies under examination constituted crises in the eyes of China's leaders. The consensus was that not all of those incidents were perceived as crises. As a result the rubric of "decision making under stress" was adopted as presenters revised their papers for publication.
Contractors On Deployed Military Operations: United Kingdom Policy And Doctrine, Matthew Uttley Professor
Contractors On Deployed Military Operations: United Kingdom Policy And Doctrine, Matthew Uttley Professor
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Department of Defense (DoD) initiatives to use contractors on deployed military operations remains a contentious issue in U.S. military transformation. Despite the intense debates surrounding the benefits and costs of DoD outsourcing, little attention has focused on similar Ministry of Defence (MoD) initiatives underway in the United Kingdom (UK). Since the UK and United States are likely to remain close allies in future expeditionary deployments, the MoD's approach to contractor support is a salient case study for the DoD and U.S. armed services. The author examines the controversies surrounding deployed contractor support, the ways that the MoD has harnessed private …
Balik Terrorism: The Return Of The Abu Sayyaf, Zachary Abuza Dr.
Balik Terrorism: The Return Of The Abu Sayyaf, Zachary Abuza Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The author warns that despite the regeneration of the ASG as a bonafide terrorist organization, the primary security threat confronting the GRP comes from the Communist Party of the Philippines and their armed wing, the New People's Army. To that end, the GRP will focus on the ASG and MILF in as much as they expect it to garner U.S. materiel support and assistance. He advises U.S. Defense department and policymakers regarding institutional frailties of the GRP and institutional corruption within the Philippine armed forces. While the author suggests that training continue, he cautions about being drawn into a quagmire. …
Appeasement Reconsidered: Investigating The Mythology Of The 1930s, Jeffrey Record Dr.
Appeasement Reconsidered: Investigating The Mythology Of The 1930s, Jeffrey Record Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
U.S. use of force since 1945 has been significantly influenced by the perceived consequences of appeasing Hitler in the 1930s, and from the mid-1970s to 2001 by the chilling effect of the Vietnam War. As the United States approached its second war with Iraq, proponents cited the Munich analogy to justify the war, whereas opponents argued that the United States was risking another Vietnam. Though reasoning by historical analogies is inherently dangerous, an examination of the threat parallels between Hitler and Saddam Hussein, and between the Vietnam War and the situation the United States has confronted in post-Baathist Iraq, reveals …
Law Vs. War: Competing Approaches To Fighting Terrorism, Shawn Boyne Ms., Michael German Mr., Paul R. Pillar Dr., Dallas D. Owens Dr.
Law Vs. War: Competing Approaches To Fighting Terrorism, Shawn Boyne Ms., Michael German Mr., Paul R. Pillar Dr., Dallas D. Owens Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The authors address one of the fundamental assumptions underlying the conduct of the War on Terrorism - the nature of our enemy, whether perpetrators of terrorist activities are criminals or soldiers (combatants). Although the United States recognizes that terrorist acts are certainly illegal, it has chosen to treat perpetrators as combatants; but much of the world, including many of our traditional allies, have opted for a purely legalistic approach. Disagreement about assumptions is not the only basis for divergent policies for confronting terrorism, but certainly explains much of our inability to agree on strategies to overcome what we recognize as …
2005 Key Strategic Issues List (Ksil), Antulio J. Echevarria Dr.
2005 Key Strategic Issues List (Ksil), Antulio J. Echevarria Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Half a decade into the new millennium, the strategic environment continues to change rapidly, and in important ways. Some of those changes, of course, challenge U.S. interests, while others advance them. And the challenges assume regular and, increasingly now, irregular forms. Yet, while the causes of change are many, the discernable patterns are few. It is all the more important, therefore, that the U.S. Army maintain a strategic perspective—that it take advantage of the collective insights of scholars and senior-level students both within the defense community and beyond. The Key Strategic Issues List (KSIL), developed at the U.S. Army War …
After Two Wars: Reflections On The American Strategic Revolution In Central Asia, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
After Two Wars: Reflections On The American Strategic Revolution In Central Asia, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The author explains how this newly won access to the Transcaspian has come about and describes why it will remain important to the United States. He then offers analysis and recommendations as to how we might retain access to deal with future contingencies and examines intersecting geopolitical and strategic trends.
U.S. Defense Strategy After Saddam, Michael E. O'Hanlon Dr.
U.S. Defense Strategy After Saddam, Michael E. O'Hanlon Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
In this defense strategy and budget book, Michael O'Hanlon argues that America's large defense budget cannot be pared realistically in the years ahead. But given the extreme demands of the Iraq mission, particularly on the U.S. Army and Marine Corps, he suggests how reductions in various weapons modernization programs and other economies might free up enough funds to add at least 40,000 more ground troops to today's military. He also reviews the military lessons of Afghanistan and Iraq, the Bush administration's new overseas basing plan, and the arguments for and against a draft. O'Hanlon also addresses the important question of …
Sustainability Of Colombian Military/Strategic Support For "Democratic Security", Thomas A. Marks Dr.
Sustainability Of Colombian Military/Strategic Support For "Democratic Security", Thomas A. Marks Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
For the first time in 40 years, cautious optimism pervades discussions of Bogota's seemingly intractable situation. Drugs, terrorism, and insurgency continue in their explosive mix, but the current government of President Alvaro Uribe has fashioned a counterinsurgency approach that holds the strategic initiative and has a chance of negating a long-standing security threat to the state. Colombia has become synonymous in the popular mind with an intractable war waged against narco-terrorists. Not as understood is the strategic setting, wherein the illegal drug trade is not just linked to terrorism but rather is an integral part of a left-wing insurgency that …
North Korea's Strategic Intentions, Andrew Scobell Dr.
North Korea's Strategic Intentions, Andrew Scobell Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Dr. Andrew Scobell examines the topic of Pyongyang's strategic intentions. He first identifies a broad spectrum of expert views and distills this wisdom into three "packages" of possible strategic intentions. He then sets out to test which package appears to reflect actual North Korean policy. While he opines that one is more likely than the others, he concludes that it is impossible to say with certainty which package most closely resembles reality. As a result, he suggests that further probing of Pyongyang's intentions is advisable.
Pseudo Operations And Counterinsurgency: Lessons From Other Countries, Lawrence E. Cline Dr.
Pseudo Operations And Counterinsurgency: Lessons From Other Countries, Lawrence E. Cline Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The author examines the role of pseudo operations in several foreign counterinsurgency campaigns. Pseudo operations are those in which government forces disguised as guerrillas, normally along with guerrilla defectors, operate as teams to infiltrate insurgent areas. This technique has been used by the security forces of several other countries in their operations, and typically it has been very successful. A number of factors must be taken into account before attempting pseudo operations, especially their role in the intelligence and operational systems. Although it is likely that most insurgent movements have become more sophisticated, many of the lessons learned from previous …
The Strategic Implications Of The Rise Of Populism In Europe And South America, Steve C. Ropp Dr.
The Strategic Implications Of The Rise Of Populism In Europe And South America, Steve C. Ropp Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This monograph takes a fresh look at the contemporary populist phenomenon in Europe and the Americas. It describes populism, discusses the global context in which it is emerging, and then paints a picture of its general characteristics in four sub-regions in Europe and South America. It concludes with four recommendations for strategic planners as to how best to deal with it and with its potential consequences.