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The Military's Role In Counterterrorism: Examples And Implications For Liberal Democracies, Geraint Hughes Dr.
The Military's Role In Counterterrorism: Examples And Implications For Liberal Democracies, Geraint Hughes Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The author examines historical and contemporary examples of military involvement in counterterrorism, outlining the specific roles which the armed forces of liberal democracies have performed in combating terrorism, both in a domestic and international context. He describes the political, strategic, conceptual, diplomatic, and ethical problems that can arise when a state’s armed forces become engaged in counterterrorism, and argues that military power can only be employed as part of a coordinated counterterrorist strategy aimed at the containment and frustration, rather than the physical elimination, of the terrorist group(s) concerned.
Hard Power And Soft Power: The Utility Of Military Force As An Instrument Of Policy In The 21st Century, Colin S. Gray Dr.
Hard Power And Soft Power: The Utility Of Military Force As An Instrument Of Policy In The 21st Century, Colin S. Gray Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Power is one of the more contestable concepts in political theory. In recent decades, scholars and commentators have chosen to distinguish between two kinds of power, “hard” and “soft.” The former is achieved through military threat or use, and by means of economic menace or reward. The latter is the ability to have influence by co-opting others to share some of one’s values and, as a consequence, to share some key elements on one’s agenda for international order and security. Whereas hard power obliges its addressees to consider their interests in terms mainly of calculable costs and benefits, soft power …
Resolving Ethical Challenges In An Era Of Persistent Conflict, C. Anthony Pfaff Dr.
Resolving Ethical Challenges In An Era Of Persistent Conflict, C. Anthony Pfaff Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The character of irregular warfare has challenged the American “way of war” in a number of ways. Not only does it challenge how U.S. forces fight, it also brings into question the ethical norms that they employ to govern the fighting. The resulting confusion is especially evident in the public debate over the use of force in Iraq and Afghanistan. For example, traditional just war thinking has permitted collateral damage that has undermined the civil order that those military operations are intended to impose, while at the same time has prohibited Soldiers from killing or detaining the enemy who threatens …
Improvised Explosive Devices In Iraq, 2003-09: A Case Of Operational Surprise And Institutional Response, Andrew Smith Brigadier
Improvised Explosive Devices In Iraq, 2003-09: A Case Of Operational Surprise And Institutional Response, Andrew Smith Brigadier
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Surprise is a familiar term in military writings and is enshrined in most nations’ doctrine. Surprises that emerge in tactics, however, can also operate at the strategic and operational levels and are particularly dangerous because they can test the relevance and adaptability of military forces and the "institutional" defense establishments that create, develop, and sustain them. A military establishment that is too slow to recognize and respond to such surprises places its nation’s interests at grave risk. Western nations are contemplating major reductions in defense spending, with consequent limitations on force structure. As the range of enemy capabilities that a …
Central Asian Security Trends: Views From Europe And Russia, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Central Asian Security Trends: Views From Europe And Russia, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The war in Afghanistan has added considerably to the strategic significance of Central Asia due to its proximity to the conflict. Moreover, the continuation of the war increasingly involves the vital interests of many other actors other than the U.S. and NATO forces currently there. This monograph, taken from SSI's conference with European and Russian scholars in 2010, provides a comprehensive analysis of the means and objectives of Russia's involvement in Central Asia. It also provides Russian perspectives concerning the other actors in Central Asia and how Moscow views the policy significance of those efforts.
Russian Military Politics And Russia's 2010 Defense Doctrine, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Russian Military Politics And Russia's 2010 Defense Doctrine, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
These three papers represent the third monograph to come out of the SSI-U.S. State Department conference “Contemporary issues in International Security,” that took place at the Finnish Embassy in Washington, DC, on January 25-26, 2010. This monograph consists of three deeply probing essays into the genesis of Russia’s 2010 defense doctrine, the political struggle behind it, and the actual content of the doctrine. They reveal a highly politicized minefield of struggle comprising leading actors in the military, the government, and in Russian security policy as a whole. They duly illuminate the ongoing struggles between and among these sets of military …
India In Africa: Implications Of An Emerging Power For Africom And U.S. Strategy, J. Peter Pham Dr.
India In Africa: Implications Of An Emerging Power For Africom And U.S. Strategy, J. Peter Pham Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This monograph examines India’s rapidly expanding network of influence in Africa. The author analyzes the country’s burgeoning public and private investments in the region as well as its policies vis-à-vis African regional organizations and individual states, especially in the security sector. After reviewing the historic role that India has played in Africa, the author looks at the principal motivations for India’s approach to Africa—including the former’s quests for the resources, business opportunities, diplomatic influence, and security—and Africans’ responses to it. In the context of the broader U.S.-India strategic partnership, as well as American political and security interests in Africa, India’s …
Civilian Skills For African Military Officers To Resolve The Infrastructure, Economic Development, And Stability Crisis In Sub-Saharan Africa, Diane E. Chido Ms.
Civilian Skills For African Military Officers To Resolve The Infrastructure, Economic Development, And Stability Crisis In Sub-Saharan Africa, Diane E. Chido Ms.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
For decades, a lack of economic opportunity has caused instability and violence in Sub-Saharan Africa. Fortunately, U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM) is in a unique position to increase stability and reduce the causes of violence and extremism through new partnerships and military-to-military training. The current training approach is very likely to be beneficial to African military officers currently on active duty; however, proficiency in military science alone will not provide the necessary skills for those separating from service and facing an uncertain future in societies that do not pay pensions on time, if at all, and do not offer economic opportunities, …
2010 Ssi Annual Strategy Conference Report "Defining War For The 21st Century", Steven Metz Dr., Phillip R. Cuccia, Col (Ret) Dr
2010 Ssi Annual Strategy Conference Report "Defining War For The 21st Century", Steven Metz Dr., Phillip R. Cuccia, Col (Ret) Dr
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The Strategic Studies Institute's XXI Annual Strategy Conference, held at Carlisle Barracks from April 6-8, 2010, addressed the topic of the meaning of war. While it did not seek to produce a definitive answer to questions about the nature and definition of war, it did highlight the crucial questions and their implications, including issues such as whether the cause of war is shifting, whether all forms of organized, politically focused violence constitute war, and the distinction between passive and active war.
The Conflicts In Yemen And U.S. National Security, W. Andrew Terrill Dr.
The Conflicts In Yemen And U.S. National Security, W. Andrew Terrill Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Yemen is not currently a failed state, but it is experiencing huge political and economic problems that can have a direct impact on U.S. interests in the region. It has a rapidly expanding population with a resource base that is limited and already leaves much of the current population in poverty. The government obtains around a third of its budget revenue from sales of its limited and declining oil stocks, which most economists state will be exhausted by 2017. Yemen also has critical water shortages and a variety of interrelated security problems. In Sa’ada province in Yemen’s northern mountainous region, …
Civil-Military Relations In Medvedev's Russia, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Civil-Military Relations In Medvedev's Russia, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The best recent scholarship on Russian civil-military relations explicitly addresses this issue’s importance for both domestic and external security. An inquiry into the present state of those relations under conditions of defense reform and the current international situation is of immense analytical and policy relevance for both domestic and external security in Russia. While the Russian regime is serious about military reform, it is encountering severe objections from the uniformed military, and the military has successfully persuaded the government to accept its expansive concept of the threats to Russia, i.e., its threat assessment. Therefore, we must closely follow those developments …
La Familia Drug Cartel: Implications For U.S.-Mexican Security, George W. Grayson Dr.
La Familia Drug Cartel: Implications For U.S.-Mexican Security, George W. Grayson Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
La Familia Michoacana burst onto the national stage on September 6, 2006, when ruffians crashed into the seedy Sol y Sombra nightclub in Uruapan, Michoacán, and fired shots into the air. They screamed at the revelers to lie down, ripped open a plastic bag, and lobbed five human heads onto the beer-stained black and white dance floor. The day before these macabre pyrotechnics, the killers seized their prey from a mechanic’s shop and hacked off their heads with bowie knives while the men writhed in pain. “You don’t do something like that unless you want to send a big message,” …
Russia's Prospects In Asia, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Russia's Prospects In Asia, Stephen J. Blank Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
These three chapters originated in an SSI conference in January 2010 and go to the heart of a question of vital significance for both Asia and Russia, namely what are Russia’s prospects in Asia. The three chapters outline the challenges Russia faces in Asia, the nature of the dynamic and complex Asian security environment, and the extent to which Russia is or is not meeting those challenges. These chapters represent both Russian and U.S. views and clearly do not agree in their conclusions or analyses. For this reason, they are all the more interesting. These chapters should provoke debate, reflection, …
Deciding To Buy: Civil-Military Relations And Major Weapons Programs, Quentin E. Hodgson Mr.
Deciding To Buy: Civil-Military Relations And Major Weapons Programs, Quentin E. Hodgson Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The development and procurement of major weapons programs in the United States is a complex and often drawn-out process complicated by political considerations and often sharp disagreements over requirements and the merits of systems. Secretaries of Defense since Robert McNamara have sought to impose discipline on the process, with varying degrees of success. Conflicts between a Military Service and the civilian leadership are inevitable. A Service wants to develop the most advanced system to address its perceived need, whereas the Secretary of Defense must balance competing requirements across the Department of Defense. The military and the civilian leadership may also …
Some Of The Best Weapons For Counterinsurgents Do Not Shoot, Eric T. Olson Mgen
Some Of The Best Weapons For Counterinsurgents Do Not Shoot, Eric T. Olson Mgen
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Even under the best circumstances, reconstruction in counterinsurgency is a difficult endeavor. The most critical tasks are numerous and complex. Many participating agencies must undertake missions that fall well out of their existing core competencies or operate in environments that are completely unfamiliar to them. The involvement of multiple agencies who are not accustomed to working together makes coordination difficult. And all this must take place in an environment where an armed, violent foe, who understands the disadvantage to him of a successful reconstruction effort, is determined to go to almost any length to resist progress or destroy what has …
Operation Eufor Tchad/Rca And The Eu's Common Security And Defense Policy, Bjoern H. Seibert Mr.
Operation Eufor Tchad/Rca And The Eu's Common Security And Defense Policy, Bjoern H. Seibert Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Addressing security challenges posed by weak and failed states will require increasingly demanding military interventions, often over a great distance and prolonged periods of time. As a result of several engagements over the last decade, the U.S. military has gained valuable experience in undertaking stability operations. However, the United States should not be expected to fulfill such operations alone; we must look to our partners and allies to share some of the global responsibility. In this, Europe is unquestionably the most capable and natural U.S. ally. While most U.S. policymakers are familiar with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, developments in …
Harnessing Post-Conflict "Transitions": A Conceptual Primer, Nicholas J. Armstrong Mr., Jacqueline Chura-Beaver Ms.
Harnessing Post-Conflict "Transitions": A Conceptual Primer, Nicholas J. Armstrong Mr., Jacqueline Chura-Beaver Ms.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Current research and available tools for transition in post-conflict situations are analyzed. The authors make a significant contribution to the field by providing a broadly applicable definition of transition and a comprehensive assessment of the existing approaches and literature on the topic. Most importantly, their analysis lays the groundwork for future conceptual development and improved implementation of post-conflict transitions. To evaluate transition strategies and make recommendations for future stability operations, researchers and policymakers require both a common understanding and a way ahead for advancing the concept as a critical doctrinal and operational objective.
An Army Transformed: The U.S. Army's Post-Vietnam Recovery And The Dynamics Of Change In Military Organizations, Suzanne C. Nielsen Lieutenant Colonel
An Army Transformed: The U.S. Army's Post-Vietnam Recovery And The Dynamics Of Change In Military Organizations, Suzanne C. Nielsen Lieutenant Colonel
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
During the 2 decades preceding the Persian Gulf War in 1991, the U.S. Army went through tremendous reform and rejuvenation. In explaining this important case of military change, this paper makes four central arguments. First, leaders within military organizations are essential; external developments most often have an indeterminate impact on military change. Second, military reform is about more than changing doctrine. To implement its doctrine, an organization must have appropriate training practices, personnel policies, organizations, equipment, and leader development programs. Third, the implementation of comprehensive change requires an organizational entity with broad authority able to craft, evaluate, and execute an …
Somalia: Line In The Sand--Identification Of Mym Vulnerabilities, Eloy E. Cuevas Ltc, Madeleine Wells Ms.
Somalia: Line In The Sand--Identification Of Mym Vulnerabilities, Eloy E. Cuevas Ltc, Madeleine Wells Ms.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The al-Shabaab Organization, also known as the Mujahidin Youth Movement (MYM), and its allies have been active opponents in undermining the United Nations (UN)-supported African Union (AU) peacekeeping forces, the fledging Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG), and all the UN efforts to support the Somali people. Al-Shabaab’s use of the internet and its control of the local news media has resulted in its increased ability to disseminate its story to the Somali public, to sympathizers throughout the world, and to the greater Islamic community. It is able to accomplish its strategic communication campaign through the use of organic websites, publication …
Is The Organizational Culture Of The U.S. Army Congruent With The Professional Development Of Its Senior Level Officer Corps?, James G. Pierce Dr.
Is The Organizational Culture Of The U.S. Army Congruent With The Professional Development Of Its Senior Level Officer Corps?, James G. Pierce Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
In the present study, Dr. Pierce postulates that the ability of a professional organization to develop future leaders in a manner that perpetuates readiness to cope with future environmental and internal uncertainty depends on organizational culture. Specifically, the purpose of his study is to explore the relationship between the Army’s organizational culture and professional development. He examines the degree of congruence between the Army’s organizational culture and the leadership and managerial skills of its officer corps senior leaders. He uses data from a representative sample of such leaders while they were students at the Army War College, Classes of 2003 …
Preparing For One War And Getting Another?, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii
Preparing For One War And Getting Another?, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This monograph examines the fundamental argument that America's adversaries are shifting more toward irregular methods due to the demonstrated prowess of the U.S. military at conventional warfare. This argument is based on what one might call a paradoxical logic, not unlike that described by Edward Luttwak in his classic work, Strategy. Among other things, the monograph concludes that few genuine paradoxes exist in war; most principles that appear paradoxical are completely linear. Moreover, those adversarial states and nonstate actors employing irregular methods today were doing so long before the U.S. military demonstrated its superiority at conventional warfare, and will likely …
Chinese Energy Security: The Myth Of The Plan's Frontline Status, Ryan Clarke Dr.
Chinese Energy Security: The Myth Of The Plan's Frontline Status, Ryan Clarke Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This monograph examines the dynamics of China’s energy security dilemma and the role of the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). Following this, PLAN development is discussed and its future role in regional security is hypothesized. This report argues that it is domestic market inefficiencies and poor management practices that pose the greatest threat to China’s energy security. Further, less and less of Chinese energy imports are making their way to the country by sea, and as such, the PLAN actually has a minimal role to play. Given these realities, Chinese fears of a naval blockade that deprives it of energy …
Dilemmas Of Brazilian Grand Strategy, Hal Brands Dr.
Dilemmas Of Brazilian Grand Strategy, Hal Brands Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This monograph analyzes Brazilian grand strategy under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. During Lula’s nearly 8 years in office, he has pursued a multi-tiered grand strategy aimed at hastening the transition from unipolarity to a multipolar order in which international rules, norms, and institutions are more favorable to Brazilian interests. Lula has done so by emphasizing three diplomatic strategies: soft-balancing, coalition-building, and seeking to position Brazil as the leader of a more united South America. This strategy has successfully raised Brazil’s profile and increased its diplomatic flexibility, but it has also exposed the country to four potent strategic dilemmas …
Organizing To Compete In The Political Terrain, Nadia Schadlow Dr.
Organizing To Compete In The Political Terrain, Nadia Schadlow Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
In this analysis, the author identifies some of the contining obstacles to achieving civil-military integration in war. She argues that there are continuing disagreements about who should lead the shaping of the political landscape in war, and that while doctrine has advanced in this area, good doctrine does not guarantee the effective execution of governance-related tasks. Sound operational approaches are required as well.
Got Vision? Unity Of Vision In Policy And Strategy: What It Is And Why We Need It, Anna Simons Dr.
Got Vision? Unity Of Vision In Policy And Strategy: What It Is And Why We Need It, Anna Simons Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Moving beyond “unity of effort” and “unity of command,” this monograph identifies an overarching need for “unity of vision.” Without someone at the helm who has a certain kind--not turn, not frame, but kind--of mind, asymmetric confrontations will be hard (if not impossible) to win. If visionary generals can be said to possess “coup d’oeil,” then unity of vision is cross-cultural coup d’oeil. As with strategic insight, either individuals have the ability to take what they know of another society and turn this to strategic--and war-winning--effect, or they do not. While having prior knowledge of the enemy is essential, strategy …
Decisionmaking In Operation Iraqi Freedom: The Strategic Shift Of 2007, Steven Metz Dr.
Decisionmaking In Operation Iraqi Freedom: The Strategic Shift Of 2007, Steven Metz Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
In this second volume of the series, Dr. Metz looks carefully at the 2007 decision to surge forces into Iraq, a choice which is generally considered to have been effective in turning the tide of the war from potential disaster to possible—perhaps probable—strategic success. Although numerous strategic decisions remain to be made as the U.S. military executes its “responsible withdrawal” from Iraq, Dr. Metz has encapsulated much of the entire war in these two monographs, describing both the start and what may eventually be seen as the beginning of the end of the war. In this volume, he provides readers …
Implications Of A Changing Nato, Phillip R. Cuccia, Col (Ret) Dr
Implications Of A Changing Nato, Phillip R. Cuccia, Col (Ret) Dr
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
NATO officials plan to unveil the new NATO Strategic Concept during the Alliance’s summit in Portugal at the end of this year. This monograph focuses on the impact of what the Strategic Concept will have on the Alliance. This analysis describes recent trends within NATO and their implications. The monograph provides senior military and political leaders with a discussion of the changing composition of the NATO nations and the impact of these changes on the nature of the Alliance. This monograph describes four possible scenarios of what NATO could look like in the future in order to give senior leaders …
Shades Of Cords In The Kush: The False Hope Of "Unity Of Effort" In American Counterinsurgency, Henry Nuzum Mr.
Shades Of Cords In The Kush: The False Hope Of "Unity Of Effort" In American Counterinsurgency, Henry Nuzum Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Counterinsurgency (COIN) requires an integrated military, political, and economic program best developed by teams that field both civilians and soldiers. These units should operate with some independence but under a coherent command. In Vietnam, after several false starts, the United States developed an effective unified organization, Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS), to guide the counterinsurgency. CORDS had three components absent from our efforts in Afghanistan today: sufficient personnel (particularly civilian), numerous teams, and a single chain of command that united the separate COIN programs of the disparate American departments at the district, provincial, regional, and national levels. This …
The Construction Of Liberal Democracy: The Role Of Civil-Military Institutions In State And Nation-Building In West Germany And South Africa, Jack J. Porter Dr.
The Construction Of Liberal Democracy: The Role Of Civil-Military Institutions In State And Nation-Building In West Germany And South Africa, Jack J. Porter Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Recent experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan remind U.S. policymakers of the tremendous obstacles and challenges that confront states as they attempt to install liberal, democratic political institutions. The multifaceted transition process involves a host of overlapping and interrelated political, economic, and social innovations that often must be tailored to the specific historical, demographic, and regional needs of each community. While it would be presumptuous to suggest any rigid schedule or set of priorities, most scholars and policymakers agree that restructuring the security and civil-military institutions is vital to the transition. The primary focus of this analysis is a detailed examination …
Crime, Violence, And The Crisis In Guatemala: A Case Study In The Erosion Of The State, Hal Brands Dr.
Crime, Violence, And The Crisis In Guatemala: A Case Study In The Erosion Of The State, Hal Brands Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Guatemala is currently experiencing a full-blown crisis of the democratic state. An unholy trinity of criminal elements—international drug traffickers, domestically based organized crime syndicates, and youth gangs—is effectively waging a form of irregular warfare against government institutions, with devastating consequences. The police, the judiciary, and entire local and departmental governments are rife with criminal infiltrators; murder statistics have surpassed civil-war levels in recent years; criminal operatives brazenly assassinate government officials and troublesome members of the political class; and broad swaths of territory are now effectively under the control of criminal groups. Guatemala’s weak institutions have been unable to contain this …