Digital Commons Network^™

Microfiber Coupler Based Biosensor Incorporating A Layer Of Gold Nanoparticles With Improved Sensitivity, Yuliya Semenova, Lin Bo, Pengfei Wang, Furong Tian, Hugh Byrne, Gerald Farrell

Articles

We studied the effect of a star-shaped gold nanoparticles layer coated on the surface of the microfiber coupler (MFC) on the sensitivity of the embedded MFC biosensor. It is shown that deposition of the layer of star-shaped gold nanoparticles on the MFC sensor surface results in a significantly increased spectral shift (on average 3.05 nm shift compared to a 1.08 nm shift per layer of electrolyte for the sample without the nanoparticles layer). In addition, introducing the nanoparticle layer results in the decrease of the transmission power; measurement of the changes in transmission also could be used as a means …

Active Confinement Of Weakened Concrete Columns, Niall Holmes, Dervilla Niall, C. O’Shea

Articles

This paper investigates the advantages of using of external active confinement to improve the compression load capacity of concrete cylinders using mild steel band clamps. For this, passive and actively pre-stressed steel bands have been attached to concrete cylinders to mimic real structural columns which may otherwise have to be removed and replaced due to poor strength performance. The experimental programme included compression load testing a number of unreinforced concrete cylindrical specimens to establish the effect the confinement had on the compressive load-carrying capacity and the stress-strain behaviour. A number of parameters were investigated in the study including the effect …

Experimental Design Of Photo-Fenton Reactions For The Treatment Of Car Wash Wastewater Effluents By Response Surface Methodological Analysis, Maha Tony, Zeinab Bedri

Articles

Establishing a treatment process for practical and economic disposal of car wash wastewater has become an urgent environmental concern. Photo-Fenton’s process as one of the advanced oxidation processes is a potentially useful oxidation process in treating such wastewater. Lab-scale experiments with UV source, coupled with Fenton’s reagent, showed that hydrocarbon oil is degradable through such a process. The feasibility of photo-Fenton’s process to treat wastewater from a car wash is investigated in the present study. A factorial design based on the response surface methodology was applied to optimize the photo-Fenton oxidation process conditions using chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction as …

Sue And Settle: Demonizing The Environmental Citizen Suit, Stephen M. Johnson

Articles

When federal agencies fail to issue regulations, respond to petitions, approve plans, review standards, or take any number of actions that are required by statute, the federal Administrative Procedure Act (APA) and federal environmental laws authorize citizens to sue the agencies to force them to carry out their legal obligations. Indeed, Congress anticipated that citizens would play an important role in the enforcement of federal environmental laws. When faced with lawsuits for failing to perform non-discretionary duties, agencies tend to settle because their liability is clear.

Cold Comfort Food: A Systematic Examination Of The Rituals And Rights Of The Last Meal, Sarah Gerwig-Moore

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Last meals are a resilient ritual accompanying executions in the United States. Yet states vary considerably in the ways they administer last meals. This paper explores the recent decision in Texas to abolish the tradition altogether. It seeks to understand, through consultation of historical and contemporary sources, what the ritual signifies. We then go on to analyze execution procedures in all 35 of the states that allowed executions in 2010, and show that last meal allowances are paradoxically at their most expansive in states traditionally associated with high rates of capital punishment (Texas now being the exception to that rule.) …

Assessing System Resilience And Ecosystem Services In Large River Basins, Barbara Cosens

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No abstract provided.

Shattering The One-Way Mirror: Discovery In Immigration Court, Geoffrey Heeren

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No abstract provided.

Cruel And Invisible Punishment: Redeeming The Counter-Majoritarian Eighth Amendment, Aliza Plener Cover

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No abstract provided.

Energy And Cost Saving Of A Photovoltaic-Phase Change Materials (Pv-Pcm) System Through Temperature Regulation And Performance Enhancement Of Photovoltaics, Ahmad Hasan, Sarah Mccormack, Ming Jun Huang

Articles

The current research seeks to maintain high photovoltaic (PV) efficiency and increased operating PV life by maintaining them at a lower temperature. Solid-liquid phase change materials (PCM) are integrated into PV panels to absorb excess heat by latent heat absorption mechanism and regulate PV temperature. Electrical and thermal energy efficiency analysis of PV-PCM systems is conducted to evaluate their effectiveness in two different climates. Finally costs incurred due to inclusion of PCM into PV system and the resulting benefits are discussed in this paper. The results show that such systems are financially viable in higher temperature and higher solar radiation …

Ambient Measurements Of Biological Aerosol Particles Near Killarney, Ireland: A Comparison Between Real-Time Fluorescence And Microscopy Techniques, D. A. Healy, J. A. Huffmann, David O'Connor, C. Pohlker, U. Poschil, J. R. Sodeau

Articles

Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) can contribute significantly to the coarse particle burden in many environments. PBAPs can thus influence climate and precipitation systems as cloud nuclei and can spread disease to humans, animals, and plants. Measurement data and techniques for PBAPs in natural environments at high time- and size resolution are, however, sparse, and so large uncertainties remain in the role that biological particles play in the Earth system. In this study two commercial real-time fluorescence particle sensors and a Sporewatch single-stage particle impactor were operated continuously from 2 August to 2 September 2010 at a rural sampling location …

Class Actions And Justiciability, Sergio J. Campos

Articles

A lingering issue in class action law concerns the case or controversy requirement of Article III, otherwise known as the requirement of justiciability. For purposes of justiciability doctrines such as standing, mootness, and ripeness, is the class action brought by all class members, some class members, or just the class representative?

This Article argues that the answer should be none of the above-it should be the class attorney. This Article first shows that the function of the class action is to assign dispositive control of, and a partial beneficial interest in, the class members' claims to the class attorney. Put …

Response: Means, Ends, And Institutions, Charlton C. Copeland

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No abstract provided.

Opt-Out Education: School Choice As Racial Subordination, Osamudia R. James

Articles

Despite failure to improve academic outcomes or close the achievement gap, school-choice policies, advanced by education legislation and doctrine, have come to dominate public discourse on public education reform in the United States, with students of color disproportionately enrolling in voucher programs and charter schools. This Article moves past the typical market-based critiques of school choice to analyze the particularly racialized constraints on choice for marginalized students and their families in the public school system. The Article unpacks the blame-placing that occurs when the individualism and independence that school choice and choice rhetoric promote fail to improve academic outcomes, and …

Journalism Standards And "The Dark Arts": The U.K.'S Leveson Inquiry And The U.S. Media In The Age Of Surveillance, Lili Levi

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No abstract provided.

Reimagining Record Groups: A Case Study And Considerations For Record Group Revision, Matthew J. Gorzalski

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No abstract provided.

Beyond Textualism: Why Originalist Theory Must Apply General Principles Of Interpretation To Constitutional Law, Richard A. Epstein

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No abstract provided.

Extraterritoriality And Comparative Institutional Analysis: A Response To Professor Meyer, Zachary D. Clopton, Paul Bartholomew Quintans

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No abstract provided.

Treaty Termination And Historical Gloss, Curtis A. Bradley

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The termination of U.S. treaties provides an especially rich example of how governmental practices can provide a “gloss” on the Constitution’s separation of powers. The authority to terminate treaties is not addressed specifically in the constitutional text and instead has been worked out over time through political-branch practice. This practice, moreover, has developed largely without judicial review. Despite these features, Congress and the President—and the lawyers who advise them—have generally treated this issue as a matter of constitutional law rather than merely political happenstance. Importantly, the example of treaty termination illustrates not only how historical practice can inform constitutional understandings …

Regarding Re's Revisionism: Notes On 'The Due Process Exclusionary Rule', Albert W. Alschuler

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No abstract provided.

The Use And Limits Of Self-Valuation Systems, Richard A. Epstein

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No abstract provided.

Renegotiation Design By Contract, Anup Malani, Richard T. Holden

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No abstract provided.

Replacing The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality, Zachary D. Clopton

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No abstract provided.

Audits As Signals, David A. Weisbach

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No abstract provided.

Chaining The Dog Of War: Comparative Data, Tom Ginsburg

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No abstract provided.

Attributes Of Ownership, Reid Thompson, David A. Weisbach

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No abstract provided.

From Helmets To Savings And Inheritance Taxes: Regulatory Intensity, Information Revelation, And Internalities, Saul Levmore

Articles

Introduction It seems obvious that regulation requires the revelation of private information, because legal interventions can do harm when they are designed with insufficient information about individuals' preferences and other variables. Nevertheless, ac

Quadratic Voting As Efficient Corporate Governance, Eric A. Posner, E. Glen Weyl

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No abstract provided.

The Structure Of Sovereignty, Diane P. Wood

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No abstract provided.

What Can Constitutions Do?: The Afghan Case, Aziz Huq, Tom Ginsburg

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No abstract provided.

'A Reflective Conversation: Community And Hei Perspectives On Community-Based Research', Niamh O'Reilly, Catherine Bates

Articles

This paper is a reflective correspondence between a community partner and a community-based research coordinator in a higher education institute (HEI). We asked each other questions about our experience of collaborating on two community-based research (CBR) projects, in order to share our learning from our collaboration, and to relate this to the wider context in order to develop recommendations for others – community partners and HEI staff – who would like to initiate CBR projects in the future.