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Articles 6421 - 6450 of 20102
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Innovation Prizes In Practice And Theory, Michael J. Burstein, Fiona Murray
Innovation Prizes In Practice And Theory, Michael J. Burstein, Fiona Murray
Articles
Innovation prizes in reality are significantly different from innovation prizes in theory. The former are familiar from popular accounts of historical prizes like the Longitude Prize: the government offers a set amount for a solution to a known problem, like £20,000 for a method of calculating longitude at sea. The latter are modeled as compensation to inventors in return for donating their inventions to the public domain. Neither the economic literature nor the policy literature that led to the 2010 America COMPETES Reauthorization Act — which made prizes a prominent tool of government innovation policy — provides a satisfying justification …
The Politics Of Comparative Constitutional Inquiry: At The Crossroads Of Law, Political Science, And Ideology, Michel Rosenfeld
The Politics Of Comparative Constitutional Inquiry: At The Crossroads Of Law, Political Science, And Ideology, Michel Rosenfeld
Articles
No abstract provided.
Plural Marriage, Group Marriage And Immutability In Obergefell V. Hodges And Beyond, Edward D. Stein
Plural Marriage, Group Marriage And Immutability In Obergefell V. Hodges And Beyond, Edward D. Stein
Articles
For decades, opponents of marriage for same-sex couples have appealed to polygamy. The Chief Justice's dissent in Obergefell is no exception insofar as he says that the logic of the majority opinion with respect to same-sex marriage also applies to plural marriage. This Essay explores the resources for distinguishing polygamy from same-sex marriage, focusing on the mutability or immutability of the desire to engage in plural/group marriage as compared to the desires to marry someone of the same sex. It shows the appeal to immutability does not succeed in distinguishing plural/group marriages from same-sex marriages.
Bitcoin And The Uniform Commercial Code, Jeanne L. Schroeder
Bitcoin And The Uniform Commercial Code, Jeanne L. Schroeder
Articles
Much of the discussion of bitcoin in the popular press has concentrated on its status as a currency. Putting aside a vocal minority of radical libertarians and anarchists, however, many bitcoin enthusiasts are concentrating on how its underlying technology – the blockchain – can be put to use for wide variety of uses. For example, economists at the Fed and other central banks have suggested that they should encourage the evolution of bitcoin’s blockchain protocol which might allow financial transactions to clear much efficiently than under our current systems. As such, it also holds out the possibility of becoming that …
Contemporary Practice Of The United States Relating To International Law, April 2016, Kristina Daugirdas, Julian Davis Mortenson
Contemporary Practice Of The United States Relating To International Law, April 2016, Kristina Daugirdas, Julian Davis Mortenson
Articles
In this section: • United States Achieves Progress in Iran Relations with Nuclear Agreement Implementation, Prisoner Swap, and Hague Claims Tribunal Resolutions • European Union and United States Conclude Agreement to Regulate Transatlantic Personal Data Transfers • After Lengthy Delay, Congress Approves IMF Governance Reforms that Empower Emerging Market and Developing Countries • United States Joins Consensus on Paris Climate Agreement • United States and Eleven Other Nations Conclude Trans-Pacific Partnership
Antitrust And Wealth Inequality, Daniel Crane
Antitrust And Wealth Inequality, Daniel Crane
Articles
In recent years, progressive public intellectuals and prominent scholars have asserted that monopoly power lies at the root of wealth inequality and that increases in antitrust enforcement are necessary to stem its rising tide. This claim is misguided. Exercises of market power have complex, crosscutting effects that undermine the generality of the monopoly regressivity claim. Contrary to what the regressivity critics assume, wealthy shareholders and senior corporate executives do not capture the preponderance of monopoly rents. Such profits are broadly shared within and dissipated outside the firm. Further, many of the subjects of antitrust law are middle-class professionals, sole proprietors, …
Understanding Noncompetition Agreements: The 2014 Noncompete Survey Project, J. J. Prescott, Norman D. Bishara, Evan Starr
Understanding Noncompetition Agreements: The 2014 Noncompete Survey Project, J. J. Prescott, Norman D. Bishara, Evan Starr
Articles
In recent years, scholars and policymakers have devoted considerable attention to the potential consequences of employment noncompetition agreements and to whether legislatures ought to reform the laws that govern the enforcement of these controversial contractual provisions. Unfortunately, much of this interest—and the content of proposed reforms—derives from anecdotal tales of burdensome noncompetes among low-wage workers and from scholarship that is either limited to slivers of the population (across all studies, less than 1%) or relies on strong assumptions about the incidence of noncompetition agreements. Better understanding of the use of noncompetes and effective noncompetition law reform requires a more complete …
Creating (And Teaching) The "Bail-To-Jail" Course, Jerold H. Israel
Creating (And Teaching) The "Bail-To-Jail" Course, Jerold H. Israel
Articles
Yale Kamisar has explained how events that occurred about fifty years ago led to the creation of a stand-alone criminal procedure course and, a few years later, led to the division of that stand-alone course into two courses. The second of those courses came to be called, almost from the outset, the "Jail-to-Bail" course. My focus today is on why that course was created and how it was shaped. Modern Criminal Procedure, as Yale has noted, was the first coursebook designed for a stand-alone course in criminal procedure. Modern was published in 1966. A year earlier, the first version …
A Global Solution To A Global Refugee Crisis, James C. Hathaway
A Global Solution To A Global Refugee Crisis, James C. Hathaway
Articles
The author argues that the time is right to change the way that refugee law is implemented. Specifically, Hathaway advocates a shift towards a managed and collectivized approach to the implementation of refugee protection obligations. He contends that while the obligations under the Convention remain sound, the mechanisms for implementing those obligations are flawed in ways that too often lead States to act against their own values and interests, and which produce needless suffering amongst refugees. The author concludes with a five-point plan to revitalize the Refugee Convention.
Challenges And Opportunities In Dfo-At: A Study Of E-Nable, Jeremiah L. Parry-Hill, Daniel L. Ashbrook
Challenges And Opportunities In Dfo-At: A Study Of E-Nable, Jeremiah L. Parry-Hill, Daniel L. Ashbrook
Articles
In this paper, we present the results of a study of the e‑NABLE community–a distributed, collaborative volunteer effort to design and fabricate upper-limb assistive technology devices for distant strangers. We position e‑NABLE as the prototypical example of “Do-it-yourself For Others Assistive Technology” (DFO‑AT) and describe three key findings: how the project does and does not meet the recipient's nuanced needs for functional and social support; how e‑NABLE volunteers' motivations compare to those of volunteers for other efforts, including open source software projects; and we explore the challenges inherent in the distance between volunteers and recipients. We also describe opportunities for …
Novel Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitors Restore Glucose-Handling Abilities Of High-Fat Fed Mice, Darren Martin, Siobhan Leonard, Robert Devine, Clara Redondo, Gemma Kinsella, Conor Breen, Victoria Mceneaney, Mary Rooney, Tim Munsey, Richard Porter, Asipu Sivaprasadarao, John Stephens, John Findlay
Novel Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitors Restore Glucose-Handling Abilities Of High-Fat Fed Mice, Darren Martin, Siobhan Leonard, Robert Devine, Clara Redondo, Gemma Kinsella, Conor Breen, Victoria Mceneaney, Mary Rooney, Tim Munsey, Richard Porter, Asipu Sivaprasadarao, John Stephens, John Findlay
Articles
Metformin is the main drug of choice for treating type 2 diabetes, yet the therapeutic regimens and side effects of the compound are all undesirable and can lead to reduced compliance. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of two novel compounds which improved glucose handling and weight gain in mice on a high-fat diet. Wildtype C57Bl/6 male mice were fed on a high-fat diet and treated with novel, anti-diabetic compounds. Both compounds restored the glucose handling ability of these mice. At a cellular level, these compounds achieve this by inhibiting complex I activity in …
Dietary Nitrate In Decreased Blood Pressure In Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome: A Series Of N-Of-1trials, Conor Kerley, Liam Cormican, Eamon Dolan
Dietary Nitrate In Decreased Blood Pressure In Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome: A Series Of N-Of-1trials, Conor Kerley, Liam Cormican, Eamon Dolan
Articles
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a consequence of repetitive oropharyngeal airway narrowing/closure during sleep resulting in chronic intermittent hypoxaemia [1]. OSAS is regarded as an independent risk factor for hypertension (HTN) development [2] and is associated with decreased cerebral blood flow [3], leading to daytime neuropsychological sequelae [1]. Blood pressure (BP) follows a circadian rhythm termed dipping and the absence of nocturnal BP dipping is associated with target-organ damage, cerebrovascular disease, myocardial remodelling and increased cardiovascular events/mortality [4]. Abnormal BP in OSAS typically manifests as reduced nocturnal BP dipping [5]. Although continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) represents the …
The Role Of The Popes In The Invention Of Complementarity And The Vatican's Anathematization Of Gender, Mary Anne Case
The Role Of The Popes In The Invention Of Complementarity And The Vatican's Anathematization Of Gender, Mary Anne Case
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Welfare Effects Of Nationalization In A Mixed Duopoly Public Transport Market, Feifei Qin, Xiaoning Zhang, Eoin Plant
The Welfare Effects Of Nationalization In A Mixed Duopoly Public Transport Market, Feifei Qin, Xiaoning Zhang, Eoin Plant
Articles
Recently, many cities have launched new rail transit lines. Once these new rail transit lines start commercial operation, they will play important roles as competitors to conventional bus services. In this paper, the effects of nationalization on equilibria have been studied in a mixed duopoly public transport market, in which one publicly-owned rail transit operator competes with one private bus operator. Two numerical case studies show the nationalization of a rail transit company is always socially desirable both in Bertrand pricing game in the short run and in Nash non-cooperative game in the long run.
Modification Of The In Vitro Uptake Mechanism And Anti-Oxidant Levels In Hacat Cells And Resultant Changes To Toxicity And Oxidative Stress Of G4 And G6 Poly (Amido Amine) Dendrimer Nanoparticles, Marcus A. Maher, Hugh Byrne
Modification Of The In Vitro Uptake Mechanism And Anti-Oxidant Levels In Hacat Cells And Resultant Changes To Toxicity And Oxidative Stress Of G4 And G6 Poly (Amido Amine) Dendrimer Nanoparticles, Marcus A. Maher, Hugh Byrne
Articles
The mechanism of cellular uptake by endocytosis and subsequent oxidative stress has been identified as the paradigm for the toxic response of cationically surface charged nanoparticles. In an attempt to circumvent the process, the effect of increased cellular membrane permeability on the uptake mechanisms of poly (amidoamine) dendrimers generation 4 (G4) and 6 (G6) in vitro was investigated. Immortalised, non-cancerous human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells were treated with DL-Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Active uptake of the particles was monitored using fluorescence microscopy to identify and quantify endosomal activity and resultant oxidative stress, manifest as increased levels of reactive oxygen species, monitored using the …
Hawking Radiation Screening And Penrose Process Shielding In The Kerr Black Hole, Eamon Mccaughey
Hawking Radiation Screening And Penrose Process Shielding In The Kerr Black Hole, Eamon Mccaughey
Articles
The radial motion of massive particles in the equatorial plane of aKerr black hole is considered. Screening of the Hawking radiation and shielding of the Penrose process are examined (both inside and outside the ergosphere) and their effect on the evaporation of the black hole is studied. In particular, the locus and width of a classically forbidden region and their dependence on the particle’s angular momentum and energy is analysed. Tunneling of particles between the boundaries of this region is considered and the transmission coefficient determined.
An Effective Method For The Preparation Of High Temperature Stable Anatase Tio2 Photocatalysts, Rachel Fagan, Declan Mccormack, Suresh Pillai, Damian Synnott
An Effective Method For The Preparation Of High Temperature Stable Anatase Tio2 Photocatalysts, Rachel Fagan, Declan Mccormack, Suresh Pillai, Damian Synnott
Articles
An efficient, rapid and straightforward method for the preparation of nitrogen and fluorine (N, F) codoped high temperature stable anatase using a microwave pre-treatment is reported. Using a single source, ammonium fluoride (NH4F) for both nitrogen and fluorine, effective doping of the precursor titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) was possible. These samples were characterised for their structural and optical properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform IR (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. In terms of the anatase to rutile transition enhancement using a novel microwave assisted technique, the sample prepared in a composition of 1:8 TiO2: NH …
Chemotherapeutic Efficiency Of Drugs In Vitro: Comparison Of Doxorubicin Exposure In 3d And 2d Culture Matrices, Alan Casey, Mahmoud Gargotti, Franck Bonnier, Hugh Byrne
Chemotherapeutic Efficiency Of Drugs In Vitro: Comparison Of Doxorubicin Exposure In 3d And 2d Culture Matrices, Alan Casey, Mahmoud Gargotti, Franck Bonnier, Hugh Byrne
Articles
The interest in the use of 3D matrices for in vitro analysis, with a view to increasing the relevance of in vitro studies and reducing the dependence on in vivo studies, has been growing in recent years. Cells grown in a 3D in vitro matrix environment have been reported to exhibit significantly different properties to those in a conventional 2D culture environment. However, comparison of 2D and 3D cell culture models have recently been noted to result in differing responses of cytotoxic assays, without any associated change in viability. The effect was attributed to differing conversion rates and effective concentrations …
Dna Mismatch Repair Interacts With Caf-1- And Asf1a-H3-H4-Dependent Histone (H3-H4)2 Tetramer Deposition., Elena Rodriges Blanko, Lyudmila Y Kadyrova, Farid A Kadyrov
Dna Mismatch Repair Interacts With Caf-1- And Asf1a-H3-H4-Dependent Histone (H3-H4)2 Tetramer Deposition., Elena Rodriges Blanko, Lyudmila Y Kadyrova, Farid A Kadyrov
Articles
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is required for the maintenance of genome stability and protection of humans from several types of cancer. Human MMR occurs in the chromatin environment, but little is known about the interactions between MMR and the chromatin environment. Previous research has suggested that MMR coincides with replication-coupled assembly of the newly synthesized DNA into nucleosomes. The first step in replication-coupled nucleosome assembly is CAF-1-dependent histone (H3-H4)2 tetramer deposition, a process that involves ASF1A-H3-H4 complex. In this work, we used reconstituted human systems to investigate interactions between MMR and CAF-1- and ASF1A-H3-H4-dependent histone (H3-H4)2 tetramer deposition. We have …
Accelerating Expertise With Part-Task Training Of Macrocognitive Skills In The Baseball Workplace, Peter J. Fadde
Accelerating Expertise With Part-Task Training Of Macrocognitive Skills In The Baseball Workplace, Peter J. Fadde
Articles
Accelerating expert performance has frustrated many researchers and trainers in human factors, naturalistic decision-making, sport science, and expertise studies – with insufficient application of expert performance theories, findings and methods to the training macrocognitive aspects of human performance. Video-occlusion methods perfected by sports expertise researchers can have great utility, in some cases offering an effective and inexpensive alternative to high-fidelity simulation. The problem seems to be that expertise research done in laboratory and field settings doesn’t get adequately translated into workplace training. So, this article presents a framework for better linkage of expertise research/training across laboratory, field, and workplace settings. …
Rebel Priests, Prophetic Voices, Eamon Maher
Missing Sex Talk In The Supreme Court's Same-Sex Marriage Cases, Mary Anne Case
Missing Sex Talk In The Supreme Court's Same-Sex Marriage Cases, Mary Anne Case
Articles
No abstract provided.
Returning To Common-Law Principles Of Insider Trading After United States V. Newman, Richard A. Epstein
Returning To Common-Law Principles Of Insider Trading After United States V. Newman, Richard A. Epstein
Articles
No abstract provided.
How The Fourth Amendment And The Separation Of Powers Rise (And Fall) Together, Aziz Huq
How The Fourth Amendment And The Separation Of Powers Rise (And Fall) Together, Aziz Huq
Articles
No abstract provided.
Open Letter On Ethical Norms In Intellectual Property Scholarship, Robin Feldman, Mark Lemley, Jonathan Masur, Arti K. Rai
Open Letter On Ethical Norms In Intellectual Property Scholarship, Robin Feldman, Mark Lemley, Jonathan Masur, Arti K. Rai
Articles
No abstract provided.
Friedrichs: An Unexpected Tool For Labor, Heather Whitney
Friedrichs: An Unexpected Tool For Labor, Heather Whitney
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Management Of Staff By Federal Court Of Appeal Judges, G. Mitu Gulati, Richard A. Posner
The Management Of Staff By Federal Court Of Appeal Judges, G. Mitu Gulati, Richard A. Posner
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Perverse Effects Of Subsidized Weather Insurance, Omri Ben-Shahar, Kyle D. Logue
The Perverse Effects Of Subsidized Weather Insurance, Omri Ben-Shahar, Kyle D. Logue
Articles
No abstract provided.
Cyberwar, International Politics, And Institutional Design, Daniel Abebe
Cyberwar, International Politics, And Institutional Design, Daniel Abebe
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Mutual Dependency Of Force And Law In American Foreign Policy, Richard A. Epstein, Mario Loyola
The Mutual Dependency Of Force And Law In American Foreign Policy, Richard A. Epstein, Mario Loyola
Articles
No abstract provided.