Digital Commons Network^™

The Need For A General Theory Of Discrimination: A Comment On Katharine T. Bartlett & Mitu Gulati, Discrimination By Customers, Richard H. Mcadams

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No abstract provided.

Ferric Chloride Assisted Plasma Pretreatment Of Lignocellulose, Rajeev Ravindran, Chaitanya Sarangapani, Swarna Jaiswal, Amit Jaiswal, Patrick J. Cullen

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In this study, a novel pretreatment for spent coffee waste (SCW) has been proposed which combines two techniques viz. atmospheric air plasma and FeCl₃ to create a superior pretreatment that involves Fenton chemistry. The pretreatment was optimised employing Taguchi Design of Experiments, and five parameters were taken into consideration viz. biomass loading, FeCl₃ concentration, H₂SO₄ concentration, plasma discharge voltage and treatment time. The composition analysis of the pretreated SCW revealed substantial amounts of lignin removal, with a maximum for process conditions of 70kV for 2min in an acidic environment containing 1% H₂SO_{4 …}

Student Leadership, Career Development, And Personal Success Profiles, Jasminka Samardzija, Joseph Kevin Walker, Milena Kuznin

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The main goal of this empirical research was to define those predominant leadership characteristics and behaviours found among all four generations of undergraduates at RIT Croatia's Dubrovnik campus. The basic research question was: What is the empirical basis for classifying students into homogeneous groups? The first part of the questionnaire was based on The Big Five Model of Personality characteristics, but the principal research method was the leadership characteristics, career development, and personal success questionnaire created by applying inductive research methodologies to 100 Croatian leaders’ interviews. In order to answer the research question, four cluster analyses were conducted. The null …

Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Of Analogues Of The N-Terminus A-Ring Fragment Of The Lantibiotic Nisin: Replacements For The Dehydroalanine (Dha) Residue At Position 5 And The First Incorporation Of A Thioamide Residue, Kim Manzor, Keith Ó Proinsias, Fintan Kelleher

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A number of A-ring analogues of the lantibiotic nisin, containing replacements for the Dha at position 5, have been successfully prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis. The Dha replacements include glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, serine and 1-aminocyclopropyl carboxylic acid (ACCa). The incorporation of a thioamide-isoleucine residue at position 4 is also described and is the first report of the preparation of a lantibiotic ring fragment containing a thioamide link.

Territoriality And The Original Intent Of Subpart F, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah

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On April 26 President Trump issued a one page tax reform outline that included territoriality - that is, making dividends from the non-subpart F income of controlled foreign corporations tax exempt. Territoriality is also included in the House Republican "Better Way" blueprint, and was supported by the Obama administration and in bipartisan legislation introduced in 2016 by Senate Finance Committee members Rob Portman, R-Ohio, and Charles E. Schumer, D-N.Y.

A Comparative Analysis Of Pretreatment Strategies On The Properties And Hydrolysis Of Brewers’ Spent Grain, Rajeev Ravindran, Swarna Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Amit Jaiswal

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In this study, brewer’s spent grain (BSG) was subjected to a range pretreatments to study the effect on reducing sugar yield. Glucose and xylose were found to be the predominant sugars in BSG. Brewers spent grain was high in cellulose (19.21g/100g of BSG) and lignin content (30.84g/100g of BSG). Microwave assisted alkali (MAA) pretreatment was found to be the most effective pretreatment for BSG, where the pretreatment was conducted at 400W for 60s. A maximum reducing yield was observed with high biomass loading (1g/10ml), cellulase (158.76 μl/10ml), hemicellulase (153.3 μl/10ml), pH (5.4) and an incubation time (120h). Upon enzymatic hydrolysis, …

Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticle For Detection Of Fungi And Human Cutaneous Fungal Infections, Tobiloba Sojinrin, Kangze Liu, Joao Conde, Hugh Byrne, James Curtin, Daxiang Cui, Furong Tian

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Fungi, which are common in the environment, can cause a multitude of diseases. Warm, humid conditions allow fungi to grow and infect humans via the respiratory, digestive and reproductive tracts, genital area and other bodily interfaces. Fungi can be detected directly by microscopy, using the potassium hydroxide (KOH) test, which is the gold standard and most popular method for fungal screening. However, this test requires trained personnel operating specialist equipment, including a fluorescent microscope and culture facilities. As most acutely infected patients seek medical attention within the first few days of symptoms, the optimal diagnostic test would be rapid and …

A Guide To The Gop Tax Plan – The Way To A Better Way, David A. Weisbach

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No abstract provided.

Property Is Only Another Name For Monopoly, Eric A. Posner, E. Glen Weyl

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No abstract provided.

Standing In The Shadow Of Congress, William Baude

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No abstract provided.

Title Vii To Tinder: Law's Antidiscrimination Asymmetry And Occasional Market Superiority, Saul Levmore

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No abstract provided.

The Structural Function Of The Sixth Amendment Right To Counsel Of Choice, John Rappaport

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No abstract provided.

The Consequences Of Disparate Policing: Evaluating Stop And Frisk As A Modality Of Urban Policing, Aziz Huq

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No abstract provided.

Peer Assessment In Medical Science: An Exploration Of One Programme’S Approach To Peer Assessment Including Staff And Student Perceptions, Mary Mcgrath, Lloyd Scott, Pauline Logue-Collins

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Assessment in Higher Education (HE) is widely accepted as fundamental to the learning process. The assessment strategy employed in a programme plays a major role in how, what and when students engage and as such influences the depth of learning that occurs. A well-structured holistic approach to assessment within a programme can be of a major benefit to both students and academics. The use of Peer Assessment (PA) and other more formative tools assists in the development of self-directed independent learners. A critical evaluation of the effectiveness of programme assessment strategies and methodologies involves the analysis of the current practice …

Timely Permanency Or Unnecessary Removal?: Tips For Advocates For Children Who Spend Less Than 30 Days In Foster Care, Christopher Church, Monique Mitchell, Vivek Sankaran

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Removal and placement in foster care is child welfare’s most severe intervention, contemplated as “a last resort rather than the first.” Federal law, with an overarching goal of preventing unnecessary removals, bolsters this principle by requiring juvenile and family courts to carefully oversee the removal of children to foster care. Expansive research reminds the field that removal, while often necessary, is not a benign intervention. Physically, legally, and emotionally separating children from their parent(s) can traumatize children in lasting ways. Yet review of federal data concerning children in foster care reveal a troubling narrative: each year, tens of thousands of …

Contracting Out Of The Fiduciary Duty Of Loyalty: An Empirical Analysis Of Corporate Opportunity Waivers, Gabriel Rauterberg, Eric Talley

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For centuries, the duty of loyalty has been the hallowed centerpiece of fiduciary obligation, widely considered one of the few “mandatory” rules of corporate law. That view, however, is no longer true. Beginning in 2000, Delaware dramatically departed from tradition by granting incorporated entities a statutory right to waive a crucial part of the duty of loyalty: the corporate opportunities doctrine. Other states have since followed Delaware’s lead, similarly permitting firms to execute “corporate opportunity waivers.” Surprisingly, more than fifteen years into this reform experiment, no study has attempted to either systematically measure the corporate response to these reforms or …

New Directions For European Race Equality Law: Chez Razpredelenie Bulgaria Ad V. Komisia Za Zashtita Ot Diskriminatsia, Anelia Nikolova, Julie C. Suk

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The CJEU's decision in CHEZ Razpredelenie Bulgaria AD v. Komisia za zashtita ot diskriminatsia expands the scope of racial discrimination law by allowing non-minority individuals to challenge practices that disadvantage minority groups, thereby promoting inclusive societies. The court broadened the definition of indirect discrimination, emphasizing the impact of practices rather than intent, and highlighted societal goals over individual harm.

Ultra-Filtration Of Human Serum For Improved Quantitative Analysis Of Low Molecular Weight Biomarkers Using Atr-Ir Spectroscopy, Franck Bonnier, Luis Felipe Cs. Carvalho, Matthew J. Baker, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa

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Infrared spectroscopy is a reliable, rapid and cost effective characterisation technique, delivering a molecular finger print of the sample. It is expected that its sensitivity would enable detection of small chemical variations in biological samples associated with disease. ATR-IR is particularly suitable for liquid sample analysis and, although air drying is commonly performed before data collection, just a drop of human serum is enough for screening and early diagnosis. However, the dynamic range of constituent biochemical concentrations in the serum composition remains a limiting factor to the reliability of the technique. Using glucose as a model spike in human serum, …

Emotions In The Early Common Law (C. 1166–1215), John Hudson

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Beyond dealing with wrongdoing and litigation, law has many other functions. It can be designed to make life more predictable, it can facilitate and promote certain actions, it can seek to prevent disputes by laying down rules, and provide routes to solutions other than litigation should disputes arise. All of these can have connections to matters of emotion. Using both lawbooks and records of cases from the Angevin period, the present article begins by looking at issues of land law rather than crime, and at law outside rather than inside court. It then returns to crime and litigation before exploring …

Disability Rights And Labor: Is This Conflict Really Necessary?, Samuel R. Bagenstos

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In this Essay, I hope to do two things: First, I try to put the current labor-disability controversy into that broader context. Second, and perhaps more important, I take a position on how disability rights advocates should approach both the current controversy and labor-disability tensions more broadly. As to the narrow dispute over wage-and-hour protections for personal-assistance workers, I argue both that those workers have a compelling normative claim to full FLSA protection—a claim that disability rights advocates should recognize—and that supporting the claim of those workers is pragmatically in the best interests of the disability rights movement. As to …

Wrongful Benefit & Arctic Drilling, Nicolas Cornell, Sarah E. Light

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The law contains a diverse range of doctrines — “slayer rules” that prevent murderers from inheriting, restrictions on trade in “conflict diamonds,” the Fourth Amendment’s exclusion of evidence obtained through unconstitutional search, and many more — that seem to instantiate a general principle that it can be wrong to profit from past harms or misconduct. This Article explores the contours of this general normative principle, which we call the wrongful benefit principle. As we illustrate, the wrongful benefit principle places constraints both on whether anyone should be permitted to exploit ethically tainted goods, and who may be permitted to profit …

The Fallacious Objections To The Tax Treatment Of Carried Interest, Douglas A. Kahn, Jeffrey H. Kahn

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“The tax treatment of carried interest has become a notorious bete noire for many politicians and some academicians and practitioners. Both 2016 presidential candidates denounced the current tax treatment and vowed to change it. President Obama described the current treatment as a "tax loophole" which should be closed. Others have also characterized the current tax treatment as an abusive loophole.' It is the thesis of this article that those criticisms are unfounded. To the contrary, the current tax treatment accords with sound tax policy and is proper and appropriate. Given the broad approval that attended the attacks on carried interest, …

Experiential Skills In Legal Education: Introducing Tomorrow’S Practitioners To Practicing Law, Edward R. Becker

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Welcome to the “Future of Law,” a new column that will appear regularly in the Michigan Bar Journal. This month, we kick off a recurring series devoted to legal education. These articles will highlight new developments and ongoing efforts at the five Michigan law schools to introduce students to experiential skills and more effectively prepare them to practice law. In future columns, authors will shed light on what law schools are doing to prepare students for practice and, we hope, inspire more Michigan attorneys to get involved—or, for some of you, become further involved—in those efforts. Why is this inaugural …

Anti-Homosexual Legislation And Hiv-Related Stigma In African Nations: What Has Been The Role Of Pepfar?, Amy Hagopian, Deepa Rao, Aaron Katz, Sallie Sanford, Scott Barnhart

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Background: Gay men and other men who have sex with men are disproportionately burdened by HIV infection. Laws that penalize same-sex intercourse contribute to a cycle of stigma, homonegativity and discrimination. In many African nations, laws criminalizing homosexuality may be fueling the epidemic, as they dissuade key populations from seeking treatment and health care providers from offering it.

Objectives: We analyzed the ways in which policies and practices of the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program addressed pervasively harsh anti-homosexuality laws across Africa. Given the aim of the US PEPFAR program to reduce stigma surrounding HIV, we …

Industrial Grade 2d Molybdenum Disulphide (Mos2): An In-Vitro Exploration Of The Impact On Cellular Uptake, Cytotoxicity, And Inflammation, Caroline Moore, Hugh Byrne, Jonathan N. Coleman, Yuri Volkov, Jennifer Mcintyre

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The recent surge in graphene research, since its liquid phase monolayer isolation and characterization in 2004, has led to advancements which are accelerating the exploration of alternative 2D materials such as molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), whose unique physico-chemical properties can be exploited in applications ranging from cutting edge electronic devices to nanomedicine. However, to assess any potential impact on human health and the environment, the need to understand the bio-interaction of MoS2 at a cellular and sub-cellular level is critical. Notably, it is important to assess such potential impacts of materials which are produced by large scale production techniques, rather than …

Extraoral Maxillofacial Prosthesis Implant Retention Systems: A Critical Review., Hugh Byrne, Marina L. Pimentel

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Objectives: The purpose of this literature review is to provide information on the different available techniques for implant-supported prosthetic retention, which are bar-clip, o-ring or magnets. Through presenting the practitioner preferences reported in literature, although limited from strict comparison due to the heterogeneity of methodologies and studied individuals, this review aims to identify the choices for maxillofacial prosthesis implant retention systems, regarding patient comfort and good aesthetic outcome, as an aid to surgical and prosthetic planning for implant-supported extraoral maxillofacial prosthetics. With proper knowledge of each implant retention system, a practitioner can design a treatment plan which allows for a …

Effects Of Vegetation On Slope Stability: A Review, Roberto José Marín Sánchez, Juan Pablo Osorio

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Slope stability is usually affected by factors that reduce soil strength and increase driving forces acting on the slope material, sometimes generating mass movements. Among these factors, vegetation has an important role related to hydrological (e.g. evapotranspiration and infiltration) and mechanical (e.g. tree surcharge and root reinforcement provided by trees) mechanisms. In this review, vegetation influences associated to slope stability are identified, describing the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of mass movements. Finally, the way these factors affect slope stability is explained according to soil properties, climatic conditions and environmental characteristics.

Delivering Design Fundamentals Using Relevant Learning Theories In The Delivery Of An Interior Design Project At Third Level, Tracey Dalton

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This is a reflection on teaching practice, focussing on design process in a BA Honours in Design – Interior and Furniture, in Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT). An intrinsic case study approach (Stake 1995) was taken for this research, which focussed on the use of the learning theories in the delivery of an undergraduate interior design project brief. A third year commercial office design project has been used to assess teaching and learning styles. This article will show that, in terms of delivery, in a typical third level interior design project in DIT, the process incorporates all of the learning …

Conformational Studies Of Gram-Negative Bacterial Quorum Sensing 3-Oxo N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone Molecules, Darren Crowe, Alan Nicholson, Adrienne Fleming, Ed Carey, Goar Sanchez-Sanz, Fintan Kelleher

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In their ¹H NMR spectra in CDCl₃ 3-oxo-N-acyl homoserine lactones (OHLs) show significant downfield chemical shifts of the amide N-H proton when compared to the parent N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). NMR spectroscopic and DFT calculation studies have shown that this is most likely due to the presence of a stabilising intramolecular H-bond from the N-H to the 3-oxo group. The ¹H NMR spectra also show evidence for the enol tautomers and that the amount of enol present for a range of OHLs is 4.1-4.5% in CDCl₃ and 6.5-7.2% in CD₃CN. In …

Lack Of Effect Of Vitamin D3 Supplementation In Autism: A 20-Week, Placebo-Controlled Rct, Conor Kerley, Clare Power, Louise Gallagher, David Coghlan

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No abstract provided.