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You Can't Lose A Game If You Don't Play The Game: Exploring The Ethics Of Gamification In Education, Dympna O'Sullivan, Ioannis Stavrakakis, Damian Gordon, Andrea Curley, Brendan Tierney, Emma Murphy, Michael Collins, Anna Becevel Jan 2021

You Can't Lose A Game If You Don't Play The Game: Exploring The Ethics Of Gamification In Education, Dympna O'Sullivan, Ioannis Stavrakakis, Damian Gordon, Andrea Curley, Brendan Tierney, Emma Murphy, Michael Collins, Anna Becevel

Articles

Gamification has been hailed as a meaningful solution to the perennial challenge of sustaining student attention in class. It uses facets of gameplay in an educational context, including things such as points, leaderboards and badges. These are clearly efforts to make the student experience more entertaining and engaging, but nonetheless, they are also clearly digital nudges and attempts to change the students’ behaviours and attitudes to a specific set of concepts, and in which case they must, and should, be subject to the same ethical scrutiny as any other form of persuasion technique, as they may be unintentionally eroding the …


Electrohydrodynamic Printing Of A Dielectric Elastomer Actuator And Its Application In Tunable Lenses, Liang Jiang, Yuhao Wang, Xueqin Wang, Fanggang Ning, Shipeng Wen, Yanfen Zhou, Shaojuan Chen, Tony Betts, Stephen Jerrams, Fenglei Zhou Jan 2021

Electrohydrodynamic Printing Of A Dielectric Elastomer Actuator And Its Application In Tunable Lenses, Liang Jiang, Yuhao Wang, Xueqin Wang, Fanggang Ning, Shipeng Wen, Yanfen Zhou, Shaojuan Chen, Tony Betts, Stephen Jerrams, Fenglei Zhou

Articles

Optical lenses driven by dielectric elastomer (DE) actuators with tunable focal lengths are presented here. They are inspired by the architecture of the crystalline lens and the ciliary muscle of the human eye and have prompted a growing interest. The most commonly used DEs in tunable lenses have often required highly transparent films and also the need to encapsulate clear liquid silicone to act as the lens. There is a restriction on the properties of the tunable lens imposed by materials limitations. Here, the fabrication of a fully 3D printed tunable lens with an inhomogeneous structure is described. It exhibited …


Raman Spectroscopy Of Liquid-Based Cervical Smear Samples As A Triage To Stratify Women Who Are Hpv-Positive On Screening, Damian Gordon, Cara Martin, Christine White, Stephen Reynolds, Tom D’Arcy, John J. O’Leary, Fiona Lyng Jan 2021

Raman Spectroscopy Of Liquid-Based Cervical Smear Samples As A Triage To Stratify Women Who Are Hpv-Positive On Screening, Damian Gordon, Cara Martin, Christine White, Stephen Reynolds, Tom D’Arcy, John J. O’Leary, Fiona Lyng

Articles

Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to cervical precancer and cancer. Recently, HPV testing has been introduced for primary cervical screening, but the HPV DNA test cannot distinguish between transient and persistent HPV infection. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need to develop a new test to identify women with a high-risk persistent HPV infection. Raman spectra were recorded from cervical smear samples (n = 60) and, on the basis of HPV DNA and HPV mRNA test results, a classifier was developed to identify persistent HPV infection. A further blinded independent test set (n = 14) was used …


Printable Dielectric Elastomers Of High Electromechanical Properties Based On Sebs Ink Incorporated With Polyphenols Modified Dielectric Particles, Zhanxu Liu, Bangze Zhou, Chenchen Li, Yuhao Wang, Shipeng Wen, Yanfen Zhou, Liang Jiang, Fenglei Zhou, Tony Betts, Stephen Jerrams Jan 2021

Printable Dielectric Elastomers Of High Electromechanical Properties Based On Sebs Ink Incorporated With Polyphenols Modified Dielectric Particles, Zhanxu Liu, Bangze Zhou, Chenchen Li, Yuhao Wang, Shipeng Wen, Yanfen Zhou, Liang Jiang, Fenglei Zhou, Tony Betts, Stephen Jerrams

Articles

In this work, a recently developed 3D additive processing technology termed electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing was employed to fabricate dielectric elastomer (DE) films by using styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) inks with the addition of high dielectric titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. In order to improve the dispersibility of TiO2 in the SEBS matrix, extracted walnut polyphenols were utilized for surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles labelled wp-TiO2. The effect of the applied voltage on the ink jet morphology of the obtained SEBS based inks during EHD printing was analyzed. The prepared films had precision patterned shapes and their morphology was studied. It revealed that the …


Against Congressional Case Snatching, Ronald J. Krotoszynski Jr., Atticus Deprospo Jan 2021

Against Congressional Case Snatching, Ronald J. Krotoszynski Jr., Atticus Deprospo

Articles

Congress has developed a deeply problematic habit of aggrandizing itself by snatching cases from the Article III courts. One form of contemporary case snatching involves directly legislating the outcome of pending litigation by statute. These laws do not involve generic amendments to existing statutes but rather dictate specific rulings by the Article III courts in particular cases. Another form of congressional case snatching involves rendering ongoing judicial proceedings essentially advisory by unilaterally permitting a disgruntled litigant to transfer a pending case from an Article III court to an executive agency for resolution. Both practices involve Congress reallocating the business of …


A System For Resilience Learning: Developing A Community-Driven, Multi-Sector Research Approach For Greater Preparedness And Resilience To Long-Term Climate Stressors And Extreme Events In The Miami Metropolitan Region, Abigail L. Fleming, Tiffany G. Troxer, Amy C. Clement, Yoca Arditi-Rocha, Gretchen Beesing, Mahadev Bhat, Jessica Bolson, Carissa Cabán-Alemán, Karina Castillo, Olivia Collins, Mayra Cruz, Alan Dodd, Scotney D. Evans, Carlos Genatios, Jane Gilbert, Alyssa Hernandez, Cheryl Holder, Maria Ilcheva, Elizabeth Kelly, Arturo Leon, Joanna Lombard, Katharine J. March, Diana Moanga, James F. Murley, Amy Knowles, Jayantha Obeysekera, Loren Parra, Jennifer Posner, Arif Sarwat, Rachel Silverstein, John A. Stuart, Michael C. Sukop, Shimon Wdowinski, Elizabeth Wheaton Jan 2021

A System For Resilience Learning: Developing A Community-Driven, Multi-Sector Research Approach For Greater Preparedness And Resilience To Long-Term Climate Stressors And Extreme Events In The Miami Metropolitan Region, Abigail L. Fleming, Tiffany G. Troxer, Amy C. Clement, Yoca Arditi-Rocha, Gretchen Beesing, Mahadev Bhat, Jessica Bolson, Carissa Cabán-Alemán, Karina Castillo, Olivia Collins, Mayra Cruz, Alan Dodd, Scotney D. Evans, Carlos Genatios, Jane Gilbert, Alyssa Hernandez, Cheryl Holder, Maria Ilcheva, Elizabeth Kelly, Arturo Leon, Joanna Lombard, Katharine J. March, Diana Moanga, James F. Murley, Amy Knowles, Jayantha Obeysekera, Loren Parra, Jennifer Posner, Arif Sarwat, Rachel Silverstein, John A. Stuart, Michael C. Sukop, Shimon Wdowinski, Elizabeth Wheaton

Articles

There is a growing need for integrated approaches that align community priorities with strategies that build resilience to climate hazards, societal shocks, and economic crises to ensure more equitable and sustainable outcomes. We anticipate that adaptive management and resilience learning are central elements for these approaches. In this paper, we describe an approach to build and test a Resilience Learning System to support research and implementation of a resilience strategy developed for the Greater Miami and the Beaches or the Resilient305 Strategy. Elements foundational to the design of this integrated research strategy and replicable Resilience Learning System are: (1) strong …


Labor’S New Localism, Andrew Elmore Jan 2021

Labor’S New Localism, Andrew Elmore

Articles

Millions of workers in the United States, disproportionately women, immigrants, and people of color, perform low-paid, precarious work. Few of these workers can improve their workplace standards because the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA") does not sufficiently protect their right to form unions and collectively bargain. Lacking sufficient influence in federal and state government to strengthen labor and employment law, unions and worker centers have increasingly sought to build power in cities. The shift to local labor lawmaking has delivered local minimum wage, paid sick leave, and fair scheduling ordinances covering millions of low-wage workers, as well as groundbreaking unionization …


The Virtual Law School, 2.0, A. Michael Froomkin Jan 2021

The Virtual Law School, 2.0, A. Michael Froomkin

Articles

Just over twenty years ago I gave a talk to the AALS called The Virtual Law School? Or, How the Internet Will De-skill the Professoriate, and Turn Your Law School Into a Conference Center. I came to the subject because I had been working on internet law, learning about virtual worlds and e-commerce, and about the power of one-to-many communications, and it struck me that a lot of what I had learned applied to education in general and to legal education in particular.
It didn't happen. Or at least, it has not happened yet. In this essay I want …


Mammalian Nuclear Trub1, Mitochondrial Trub2, And Cytoplasmic Pus10 Produce Conserved Pseudouridine 55 In Different Sets Of Trna., Shaoni Mukhopadhyay, Manisha Deogharia, Ramesh Gupta Jan 2021

Mammalian Nuclear Trub1, Mitochondrial Trub2, And Cytoplasmic Pus10 Produce Conserved Pseudouridine 55 In Different Sets Of Trna., Shaoni Mukhopadhyay, Manisha Deogharia, Ramesh Gupta

Articles

Most mammalian cytoplasmic tRNAs contain ribothymidine (T) and pseudouridine (Ψ) at positions 54 and 55, respectively. However, some tRNAs contain Ψ at both positions. Several Ψ54-containing tRNAs function as primers in retroviral DNA synthesis. The Ψ54 of these tRNAs is produced by PUS10, which can also synthesize Ψ55. Two other enzymes, TRUB1 and TRUB2, can also produce Ψ55. By nearest-neighbor analyses of tRNAs treated with recombinant proteins and subcellular extracts of wild-type and specific Ψ55 synthase knockdown cells, we determined that while TRUB1, PUS10, and TRUB2 all have tRNA Ψ55 synthase activities, they have different tRNA structural requirements. Moreover, these …


Eye-Tracking As A Window Into Assembled Phonology In Native And Non-Native Reading, Katherine I. Martin, Alan Juffs Jan 2021

Eye-Tracking As A Window Into Assembled Phonology In Native And Non-Native Reading, Katherine I. Martin, Alan Juffs

Articles

The past 30 years of reading research has confirmed the importance of bottom-up processing. Rather than a psycholinguistic guessing game (Goodman, 1967), reading is dependent on rapid, accurate recognition of written forms. In fluent first language (L1) readers, this is seen in the automatic activation of a word’s phonological form, impacting lexical processing (Perfetti & Bell, 1991; Rayner, Sereno, Lesch & Pollatsek, 1995). Although the influence of phonological form is well established, less clear is the extent to which readers are sensitive to the possible pronunciations of a word (Lesch & Pollatsek, 1998), …


Hyperspectral Spectroscopy To Detect Different Responses Of Two Soybean (Glycine Max) Cultivars To Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina Phaseolina) Toxin, Ameer H. Al-Ahmadi, Arjun Subedi, Ruplal Choudhary, Ahmad Fakhoury, Dennis G. Watson Jan 2021

Hyperspectral Spectroscopy To Detect Different Responses Of Two Soybean (Glycine Max) Cultivars To Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina Phaseolina) Toxin, Ameer H. Al-Ahmadi, Arjun Subedi, Ruplal Choudhary, Ahmad Fakhoury, Dennis G. Watson

Articles

Previous studies have confirmed the potential of hyperspectral spectroscopy (HS) to detect charcoal rot toxin effect on soybean (Glycine max). However, there is no evidence that it can differentiate among difference responses to that effect. This research tested the potential of HS (900–2400 nm) to differentiate different responses to charcoal rot effect caused by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. Known susceptible ‘Pharaoh’ and resistant ‘Spencer’ cultivars of soybean seedlings at the V1 stage were tested, and HS reflectance was measured in each treatment at 0 h (just before toxin treatment), 24 h, and 36 h after toxin …


Equality And Sufficiency In Health Care Reform, Gabriel Scheffler Jan 2021

Equality And Sufficiency In Health Care Reform, Gabriel Scheffler

Articles

Most Americans believe that health care is a right, not a privilege. Yet debates over health care reform frequently fail to distinguish between two distinct conceptions of the right to health care: one which focuses on sufficient access to health care-what I refer to as the Right to a Decent Minimum-and a second which focuses on equality in access to health care what I refer to as the Right to Equal Access. These two conceptions of the right to health care in turn support two distinct categories of proposals for expanding health insurance coverage. The Right to Equal Access justifies …


The Paris Agreement Compliance Mechanism: Beyond Cop 26, Jessica Owley, Imad Antoined Ibrahim, Sandrine Maljean-Dubois Jan 2021

The Paris Agreement Compliance Mechanism: Beyond Cop 26, Jessica Owley, Imad Antoined Ibrahim, Sandrine Maljean-Dubois

Articles

Without an international tribunal or tools like trade sanctions, there is little to coerce or encourage adherence with environmental treaties. The Paris Agreement, the governing global agreement to address climate change, relies on voluntary global cooperation. Countries determine their own commitments by setting nationally determined contributions of greenhouse gases emissions. The main mandatory elements of the agreement are reporting requirements. The success of the agreement turns on whether countries comply with these requirements. Article 15 of the Paris Agreement establishes a Compliance Committee and sets forth the mechanisms to ensure and facilitate compliance with the agreement. Yet, as with the …


Private Confederate Monuments, Jessica Owley, Jess Phelps, Sean W. Hughes Jan 2021

Private Confederate Monuments, Jessica Owley, Jess Phelps, Sean W. Hughes

Articles

As public Confederate monuments finally begin to come down across the nation, we are seeing an emergence of Confederate monuments on private lands. The number of private Confederate monuments is increasing both with the construction of new monuments and, more significantly, the relocation of monuments from public land. This Article explains why private Confederate monuments are likely to be the next battleground over these controversial and troubling statues. Through ten detailed examples, we show how private Confederate monuments emerge and how communities are responding to them. The challenges related to monuments on private land are different than those on public …


Does Interest Convergence Today Offer Opportunities For The Working Class, Much As It Did For Minorities In The Fifties And Sixties?: A Comment On Spencer Bowley, Richard Delgado, Jean Stefancic Jan 2021

Does Interest Convergence Today Offer Opportunities For The Working Class, Much As It Did For Minorities In The Fifties And Sixties?: A Comment On Spencer Bowley, Richard Delgado, Jean Stefancic

Articles

No abstract provided.


Third Parties With Benefits, Casey E. Faucon Jan 2021

Third Parties With Benefits, Casey E. Faucon

Articles

No abstract provided.


The Emerging Lessons Of Trump V. Hawaii, Shalini Ray Jan 2021

The Emerging Lessons Of Trump V. Hawaii, Shalini Ray

Articles

In the years since the Supreme Court decided Trump v. Hawaii, federal district courts have adjudicated dozens of rights-based challenges to executive action in immigration law. Plaintiffs, including U.S. citizens, civil rights organizations, and immigrants themselves, have alleged violations of the First Amendment and the equal protection component of the Due Process Clause with some regularity based on President Trump's animus toward immigrants. This Article assesses Hawaii's impact on these challenges to immigration policy, and it offers two observations. First, Hawaii has amplified federal courts' practice of privileging administrative law claims over constitutional ones. For example, courts considering separate challenges …


(Im)Mutable Race?, Deepa Das Acevedo Jan 2021

(Im)Mutable Race?, Deepa Das Acevedo

Articles

No abstract provided.


Sweet Old-Fashioned Notions Symposium On Legal Anthropology, Deepa Das Acevedo Jan 2021

Sweet Old-Fashioned Notions Symposium On Legal Anthropology, Deepa Das Acevedo

Articles

No abstract provided.


Defining Who Is An Employee After A.B.5: Trading Uniformity And Simplicity For Expanded Coverage, Edward A. Zelinsky Jan 2021

Defining Who Is An Employee After A.B.5: Trading Uniformity And Simplicity For Expanded Coverage, Edward A. Zelinsky

Articles

My assessment of California’s A.B.5 differs from the evaluation advanced by the advocates and opponents of that legislation: I conclude that A.B.5 made a significant but limited expansion of the coverage of California labor law but at a notable cost. Even as A.B.5 broadened the reach of the Golden State’s labor protections, A.B.5 also made the definition of "employee” more complex and less uniform. Those seeking federal or state legislation like A.B.5 confront the same trade-off under which greater coverage is achieved at the expense of more complexity and less uniformity in the definition of who is an employee. The …


The Rise Of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations: Opportunities And Challenges, Aaron J. Wright Jan 2021

The Rise Of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations: Opportunities And Challenges, Aaron J. Wright

Articles

The article explores the rise of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), highlighting their potential to transform traditional organizational structures through blockchain technology and smart contracts. DAOs offer operational efficiencies, such as decentralized governance and transparent decision-making, but face significant legal challenges, including lack of recognition, liability concerns, and regulatory uncertainties. The article argues that U.S. business law, with its emphasis on private ordering, could accommodate DAOs, but legal adaptations are necessary to address their unique characteristics and ensure widespread adoption.


New Federalism And Civil Rights Enforcement, Alexander A. Reinert, Joanna C. Schwartz, James E. Pfander Jan 2021

New Federalism And Civil Rights Enforcement, Alexander A. Reinert, Joanna C. Schwartz, James E. Pfander

Articles

Calls for change to the infrastructure of civil rights enforcement have grown more insistent in the past several years, attracting support from a wide range of advocates, scholars, and federal, state, and local officials. Much of the attention has focused on federal-level reforms, including proposals to overrule Supreme Court doctrines that stop many civil rights lawsuits in their tracks. But state and local officials share responsibility for the enforcement of civil rights and have underappreciated powers to adopt reforms of their own. This Article evaluates a range of state and local interventions, including the adoption of state law causes of …


Entitlement To Punishment, Kyron J. Huigens Jan 2021

Entitlement To Punishment, Kyron J. Huigens

Articles

This Article advances the idea of entitlement to punishment as the core of a normative theory of legal punishment's moral justification. It presents an alternative to normative theories of punishment premised on desert or public welfare; that is, to retributivism and consequentialism. The argument relies on H.L.A. Hart's theory of criminal law as a "choosing system," his theory of legal rules, and his theory of rights. It posits the advancement of positive freedom as a morally justifying function of legal punishment.

An entitlement to punishment is a unique, distinctive legal relation. We impose punishment when an offender initiates an ordered …


Fraudulent Transfer As A Tort, David G. Carlson Jan 2021

Fraudulent Transfer As A Tort, David G. Carlson

Articles

Fraudulent transfer law has historically been an in rem right of a creditor to property fraudulently received by a third party. In a minority of states, courts have treated fraudulent transfers as creating an in personam liability of the transferring debtor, the recipient, and any other third party who "conspired" with the transferor to achieve the transfer. This Article examines the wisdom of this modern trend and finds it wanting. The United States Supreme Court in 1861 was correct: fraudulent transfers are not wrongs. They merely create in rem rights.


Erisa Defined Benefit Plans Are Not "Trust" Worthy, Stewart E. Sterk Jan 2021

Erisa Defined Benefit Plans Are Not "Trust" Worthy, Stewart E. Sterk

Articles

No abstract provided.


The Perpetuation Of Stereotypes In Croatian Public Discourse: “Autistic” As A Pejorative, Jakob Patekar Jan 2021

The Perpetuation Of Stereotypes In Croatian Public Discourse: “Autistic” As A Pejorative, Jakob Patekar

Articles

The way people are spoken or written about has a critical role in how they are perceived, and this in turn influences how they are positioned within a society – belonging to its core, the majority, or being relegated to the margins, the minority. Various authors have reflected on the role of language in dehumanizing, oppressing, and discriminating certain groups, be it the Jewish citizens during the Nazi regime in Germany, the Tutsi in the Rwandan genocide of 1994, black people in the United States since 1619, women throughout history, or gay and disabled people today, to name a few …


Police Prosecutions And Punitive Instincts, Kate Levine Jan 2021

Police Prosecutions And Punitive Instincts, Kate Levine

Articles

This Article makes two contributions to the fields of policing and criminal legal scholarship. First, it sounds a cautionary note about the use of individual prosecutions to remedy police brutality. It argues that the calls for ways to ease the path to more police prosecutions from legal scholars, reformers, and advocates who, at the same time, advocate for a dramatic reduction of the criminal legal system’s footprint, are deeply problematic. It shows that police prosecutions legitimize the criminal legal system while at the same time displaying the same racism and ineffectiveness that have been shown to pervade our prison-backed criminal …


Job Satisfaction And Its Associated Factors Among Optometrists In Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study, Kwadwo Owusu Akufo, Eldad Agyei-Manu, David Ben Kumah, Anthony Danso-Appiah, Abubakar Sadik Mohammed, Akosua Kesewah Asare, Emmanuel Kofi Addo Jan 2021

Job Satisfaction And Its Associated Factors Among Optometrists In Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study, Kwadwo Owusu Akufo, Eldad Agyei-Manu, David Ben Kumah, Anthony Danso-Appiah, Abubakar Sadik Mohammed, Akosua Kesewah Asare, Emmanuel Kofi Addo

Articles

Job satisfaction describes an employee’s motivation and/or feeling of satisfaction towards his/her work. Globally, healthcare professionals’ turnover and retention play a critical role in the delivery of essential health services. In Ghana, however, little has been done to ascertain job satisfaction levels among human resources for eyehealth. The objective of this study therefore was to assess job satisfaction and its associated factors among optom‑ etrists in Ghana.


The Risks And Benefits Of Myopia Control, Mark A. Bullimore, Eric R. Ritchey, Sunil Shah,, Nicolas Leveziel, Rupert Bourne, Daniel Ian Flitcroft Jan 2021

The Risks And Benefits Of Myopia Control, Mark A. Bullimore, Eric R. Ritchey, Sunil Shah,, Nicolas Leveziel, Rupert Bourne, Daniel Ian Flitcroft

Articles

The prevalence of myopia is increasing around the world, stimulating interest in 3 methods to slow its progression. The primary justification for slowing myopia progression is to 4 reduce the risk of vision loss through sight-threatening ocular pathology in later life. The paper 5 analyzes whether the potential benefits of slowing myopia progression by one diopter justify the 6 potential risks associated with treatments.


Semiclassical Backreaction On Asymptotically Anti–De Sitter Black Holes, Peter Taylor, Cormac Breen Jan 2021

Semiclassical Backreaction On Asymptotically Anti–De Sitter Black Holes, Peter Taylor, Cormac Breen

Articles

We consider a quantum scalar field on the classical background of an asymptotically anti–de Sitter black hole and the backreaction the field’s stress-energy tensor induces on the black hole geometry. The backreaction is computed by solving the reduced-order semiclassical Einstein field equations sourced by simple analytical approximations for the renormalized expectation value of the scalar field stress-energy tensor. When the field is massless and conformally coupled, we adopt Page’s approximation to the renormalized stress-energy tensor, while for massive fields we adopt a modified version of the DeWitt-Schwinger approximation. The latter approximation must be modified so that it possesses the correct …