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Appointing A Proxy Under The Best Of Circumstances, Patricia D. White

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No abstract provided.

Reforming The Law Of Gratuitous Transfers: The New Uniform Probate Code, John H. Langbein, Lawrence W. Waggoner

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In the mid-1980s the Uniform Law Commission undertook a landmark revision of the American law of gratuitous transfers. These reforms culminated in a drastically revised Uniform Probate Code ("UPC"). The revisions inspired the Albany Law Review to organize this symposium issue for the purpose of examining the 1990 UPC. In this introductory paper, we point to the main themes of the reform movement, discuss some of the traits and constraints of the uniform law process, and comment on some of the suggestions and insights that appear in the symposium articles.

The Burdens Of Educational Loans: The Impacts Of Debt On Job Choice And Standards Of Living For Students At Nine American Law Schools, David L. Chambers

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American law students are borrowing large sums of money. For graduates at many schools, cumulative debts of $40,000 from college and law school have become the norm, and debts of $50,000, $60,000, and even more are common. The sums students are borrowing are much larger today than they were ten years ago, even after adjusting for increases in the cost of living. They have risen at a considerably faster pace than the starting salaries at small law firms and government agencies. They have even risen at a faster pace than the starting salaries in many large firms. The new pattern …

The Tragedy Of The Commons, Part Two, James E. Krier

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This symposium is about the idea of "free market environmentalism" in general and the book Free Market Environmentalism, by Terry Anderson and Donald Leal,1 in particular. While I focus chiefly on Anderson and Leal's book, the discussion will necessarily involve the general idea of free market environmentalism as well. The conceit of my tide, which obviously derives from Garrett Hardin's celebrated essay on The Tragedy of the Commons,2 is this: Superficial differences aside, Hardin's essay and Anderson and Leal's book address the same fundamental problem of coordinating human behavior as it affects environmental quality. But both the essay and the …

On Integrated Pollution Control, James E. Krier

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Integrated pollution control, or IPC, can be defined for now as an approach to environmental regulation that "seeks particularly to link air, water, and waste programs. Its concern is institutional changes that reduce total risk to the environment from pollutants." 8 This sounds remarkably appealing, which perhaps explains IPC's recurring popularity. As we shall see, it enjoyed a brief celebrity about twenty years ago, and it is once again in vogue-especially within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Is the Agency's recent interest in IPC a good thing? We worry that it is not. First of all, IPC has an …

Child Protection Legal Process: Comparing The United States And Great Britain, Donald N. Duquette

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The legal response to child maltreatment-or the risk of child maltreatment-varies greatly from society to society and has been little studied, in part because of the idiosyncrasies of community values, social organization, history and legal traditions.2 Cross-country comparison of child abuse and neglect is especially difficult because the ambiguity of social standards and the imprecision of terms used makes it difficult to define the specific behavior one is studying. Even though child maltreatment is widely prohibited, the definition of what actually constitutes child abuse and neglect is not clear within a particular country, much less uniform from one society to …

Centrist Judging And Traditional Family Values: Or Why Papa Can't Be A Rolling Stone Symposium: Contempory Challenges To Judging-History-Politcs-Values, Steven H. Hobbs, Mary F. Mulligan

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No abstract provided.

The Law Review Symposium Issue: Community Of Meaning Or Re-Inscription Of Hierarchy Symposium On Legal Scholarship, Jean Stefancic

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No abstract provided.

A New Upper Bound For The Ramsey Number R(5,5), Brendan Mckay, Stanislaw Radziszowski

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We show that, in any colouring of the edges of K_53 with two colours, there exists a monochromatic K_5, and hence R(5,5) <= 53. This is accomplished in three stages: a full enumeration of edges in (4,5)-good graphs, and a proof of the nonexistence of (5,5)-good graphs on 53 vertices. Only the first stage required extensive help from the computer.

Labour Turnover In London Hotels And The Cost Effectiveness Of Preventative Measures, Frank Mcmahon, Ann Denvir

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No abstract provided.

Infinite Strands, Infinitesimally Thin: Storytelling, Bayesianism, Hearsay And Other Evidence, Richard D. Friedman

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David Schum has long been one of our keenest commentators on questions of inference and proof. He has been particularly interested in, and illuminating on, the subject of "cascaded," or multi-step, inference.' This is a subject of importance to lawyers, because most evidence at trial can be analyzed in terms of cascaded inference. Usually, the proposition that the fact finder2 might immediately infer from the evidence is not itself an element of a crime, claim, or defense. Most often, an extra inference would be required to jump from that proposition to a proposition that the law deems material. Thus, inference …

Compensatory And Punitive Damages For A Personal Injury: To Tax Or Not To Tax, Douglas A. Kahn

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Since the adoption in 1919 of the Revenue Act of 1918, damages received on account of personal injuries or sickness have been excluded by statute from gross income.1 This exclusion, which does not apply to reimbursements for medical expenses for which the taxpayer was previously allowed a tax deduction,2 is presently set forth in section 104(a)(2). One might expect that a provision having recently attained the ripe age of 75 years without change in its basic language would have a settled meaning. However, recent litigation under section 104(a)(2) bristles with unsettled issues. Does the exclusion apply to punitive damages? To …

The Upc's New Survivorship And Antilapse Provisions, Edward C. Halbach Jr., Lawrence W. Waggoner

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Law governing transfers of family property has long struggled with questions of survivorship in their many and varied forms. Important results can and regularly do turn on how such issues are resolved.

The Model Employment Termination Act: Fairness For Employees And Employers Alike, Theodore J. St. Antoine

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The Model Employment Termination Act (META), which state legislatures are expected to consider in the near future aims to prevent the unfair firing of Amer~ ican workers. At the same time, the Act aims to prevent devastating financial blows to American business. For both employees and employers, META offers streamlined dispute resolution procedures that would be simpler, less costly, and less time-consuming than the civil courts. The essence of the proposal is compromise-not as a matter of political expediency but as a practical, balanced accommodation of the competing worthwhile interests of employers and employees. Workers are entitled to be free …

Marital Property Rights In Transition, Lawrence W. Waggoner

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The subject of "marital property rights" is very timely because those rights are in a state of transition. The term "marital property rights" covers a vast multitude of rights or interests conferred by law on persons who occupy the status of spouse. This lecture is divided into four discrete, yet related segments. The first segment addresses how the law allocates original ownership between spouses in a marriage. The second segment turns to the intestate share of the surviving spouse. This is not a topic that high-powered estate planners get involved in very much because intestate estates are usually fairly small. …

Evidentiary Rules And Rulings: The Role Of Treatises, Richard D. Friedman

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I have devoted large gobs of time to work on a multi-author treatise on the law of evidence.' And before even one volume is published, I will devote further multiple gobs of time to the project-which, perhaps audaciously and perhaps merely foolishly, but with heredity and precedent on our side,2 we are calling The New Wigmore. Accordingly, I found the question posed by this symposium-Does Evidence Law Matter?-rather disquieting. If it is doubtful even whether the law of evidence matters, then how much can a treatise on the law of evidence matter, and how worthwhile can such a work be? …

Spousal Rights In Our Multiple-Marriage Society: The Revised Uniform Probate Code, Lawrence W. Waggoner

Articles

The transformation of the American family constitutes one of the great phenomenons of the past two decades. The traditional Leave It to Beaver family no longer prevails in American society. To be sure, families consisting of the wage-earning husband, the homemaking and child-rearing wife, and their two joint children still exist. But divorce rates are astonishingly high and remarriage abounds. In fact, there is an increasing prevalence in the population of marriages that are more likely to end in divorce than others-marriages in which one or both partners were divorced before and marriages of couples who cohabited prior to marriage.

Pornography And Harm To Women: No Empirical Evidence, Richard Delgado, Jean Stefancic

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No abstract provided.

Tax Policy And Panda Bears, Douglas A. Kahn, Jeffrey S. Lehman

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In this article. Professors Kahn and Lehman argue that the concept of tax expenditure is flawed as a tool for measuring the propriety of tax provisions. It assumes the existence of on true and correct standard of federal income taxation that applies to all circumstances. To make that a assumption, the proponents of the concept implicitly make a particular moral claim about the relative importance of a wide range of values, including efficiency, consumption/savings neutrality, privacy, distributional equity, administrabiliy, charity, and pragmatism. They then measure a tax provision's "normalcy" exclusively by how it conforms to their Platonic concept of income. …

Toward A Partial Economic, Game-Theoretic Analysis Of Hearsay, Richard D. Friedman

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In this Article, I offer a fundamentally different and nondoctrinaire way of approaching hearsay questions. In brief, I take the view that the resolution of a hearsay dispute, when the declarant is not on the stand, is essentially a matter of deciding who should bear the burden of producing the declarant, or more precisely, how courts should allocate that burden. Adopting a simple procedural improvement, concerning the examination of the declarant if she is produced as a witness, allows the court to allocate the burden optimally. If live testimony by the declarant would be more probative than prejudicial, then most …

Books, Microforms, Computers And Us: Who's Us?, Margaret A. Leary

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The author suggests that in the increasing effort to define, and refine, their identity and image, librarians have recently turned towards computers - and away from books and microforms. The result has been an avoidance of the more important issues facing librarians - such as ownership, accessibility, cost, and preservation of new formats of information - and an ever greater obfuscation of what constitutes the profession of librarianship.

The Benevolent Paternalism Of Japanese Criminal Justice, Daniel H. Foote

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Models for a criminal-justice system based on an ethos of rehabilitation and reintegration-such as Llewellyn's "parental" and Griffiths' "family" models-have been regarded as idealistic but unworkable in the real world, except perhaps in totalitarian or primitive societies. Professor Foote, however, has found in Japan just such a model, which he labels "benevolent paternalism." The Japanese criminal-justice system is benevolent in that its goal is to achieve reformation and reintegration into society through lenient sanctions tailored to the offender's particular circumstances. The system is paternalism in that it allows substantial discretion to the state in both gathering and using information about …

Recent Developments - Cinematic Sex And Censorship In Indian Film, Anita Ramasastry

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This Recent Development examines the increasing presence of cinematic rape in general-audience Indian films and discusses the potential cultural origins of the cinematic portrait of Indian women as chaste subordinates to men and as frequent subjects of violence. To account for this trend, this Recent Development outlines the legal guidelines governing Indian film censorship, and in particular the guidelines regulating sexuality. From this vantage point, the use of various suggestive cinematic techniques, including the regular portrayal of rape, may be seen as attempts by directors to circumvent government censure of kissing and other intimate relations on-screen. Finally, this Recent Development …

Measurement Of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Parameters, V. Vaksman, Yuri Panarin

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A method is presented for measuring ferroelectric liquid crystal parameters such as spontaneous polarization Ps, rotational viscosity γϕ, azimuthal pretilt angle ϕ0 and dielectric permittivity ε ┴. The method is based on integrating the polarization current after reversing the sign of the external electric field.

Introduction: The Bounds Of Advocacy, Robert H. Aronson

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I was asked, as Reporter for the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers' Bounds of Advocacy, to provide an Introduction to the substantive issues discussed by members of the Committee in succeeding articles. This article will therefore "set the stage" by indicating the need for the Bounds of Advocacy, the charge to the Committee, the process by which the Standards and Comments were drafted, re-drafted, and then re-drafted again, and the appropriate scope, purpose and use of the Standards and Comments.

Law Librarianship: A Forum, Bob Berring, Mark Estes, Penny Hazelton, Kathie Price, Joanne Zich

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Law librarianship is a profession that has a proud history and a bright future, yet it is not without its problems and concerns. For this issue of Law Library Lights, we have gathered together a number of luminaries in the field and asked them a number of questions related to the most important issues facing our community: professional image, additional roles, education and training, ethics, minority recruitment, budget crunch, technology, vendors, and the future.

This exchange was published in volume 35, issue number 5, May/June 1992.

The United States Policy On Hiv Infected Aliens: Is Exclusion An Effective Solution, Christine N. Cimini

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As of the summer of 1991, though the World Health Organization (WHO) had only 366,455 documented cases of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the organization estimated that as many as 1.25 million people worldwide had actually contracted AIDS. That number was predicted to grow to twenty-five to thirty million cases of HIV worldwide by the year 2000. With hysteria and misinformation surrounding the transmission HIV/AIDS, Congress made changes to existing immigration laws to exclude entry to individuals with HIV. This comment critiques the early 1990s United States immigration policy that added HIV to the list of diseases for which a …

A Superfund Trivia Test: A Comment On The Complexity Of Environmental Laws, William H. Rodgers, Jr.

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Professor Rodgers examines the reasons for the American obsession with trivia. While unable to determine the cause of the obsession, he does provide some insight on the usefulness and need for the information in the study of environmental law.

Extending The New Patent Misuse Limitation To Copyright: Lasercomb America, Inc. V. Reynolds, Toshiko Takenaka

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This Article examines the decisional history that shaped the misuse doctrine and the interplay between the misuse defense and antitrust liability in patent and copyright infringement litigation. In particular, by examining the public interest and policy considerations underlying patent and antitrust laws, this Article compares and evaluates the new view that misuse must be analyzed by the conventional antitrust theories expressed by Judge Posner in USM Corp. v. SPS Technologies Inc. and the traditional view that was derived from the equity doctrine expressed in Morton Salt v. G.S. Suppiger.

Furthermore, this Article reviews the legislative history and the impact …

Identifying The Best Interests Of The Child In Protection Proceedings: Nine Guidelines For The Child Advocate., Donald N. Duquette

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Increasingly, judges appoint court appointed special advocates (CASAs) to represent children in child abuse and neglect proceedings. Like lawyers, CASAs are charged with looking out for the "best interests" of the child. Unfortunately, although the phrase "best interests" sounds noble, it provides little practical guidance for the child advocate.