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Michigan's First Woman Lawyer: Sarah Killgore Wertman, Margaret A. Leary Mar 2006

Michigan's First Woman Lawyer: Sarah Killgore Wertman, Margaret A. Leary

Articles

Sarah Killgore Wertman was the first woman in the country to both graduate from law school and be admitted to the bar. Thus, she was Michigan's first woman lawyer in two senses: She was the first woman to graduate from the University of Michigan Law School, and the first woman admitted to the Michigan bar. Others preceded her in entering law school, graduating from law school, or being admitted to the bar, but she was the first to accomplish all three. Her story illustrates much about the early days of women in legal education and the practice of law, a …

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Bond Covenants And Creditor Protection: Economics And Law, Theory And Practice, Substance And Process, William Wilson Bratton Mar 2006

Bond Covenants And Creditor Protection: Economics And Law, Theory And Practice, Substance And Process, William Wilson Bratton

Articles

This article examines contractual protection of unsecured financial creditors in US credit markets. Borrowers and lenders in the United States contract against a minimal legal background that imposes the burden of protection on the lender. A working, constantly updated, set of contractual protections has emerged in response. But actual use of available contractual technology varies widely, depending on the level of risk and the institutional context. The credit markets sort borrowers according to the degree of the risk of financial distress, imposing substantial constraints only on the borrowers with the most dangerous incentives. At the same time, the contracting practice …

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Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand Recruits Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells To The Brain, James Curtin, Gwendalyn King, Carlos Barcia, Chunyan Liu, Francois Hubert, Carole Guillonneau, Regis Josien, Ignacio Anegon, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro Mar 2006

Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand Recruits Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells To The Brain, James Curtin, Gwendalyn King, Carlos Barcia, Chunyan Liu, Francois Hubert, Carole Guillonneau, Regis Josien, Ignacio Anegon, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro

Articles

The lack of professional afferent APCs in naive brain parenchyma contributes to the systemic immune ignorance to Ags localized exclusively within the brain. Dendritic cells (DCs) appear within the brain as a consequence of inflammation, but no molecular mechanisms accounting for this influx have been described. In this study we demonstrate that Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) recruits plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs; >50-fold; p < 0.001) to the brain parenchyma. These pDCs expressed IFN-alpha, the hallmark cytokine produced by pDCs, indicating recruitment and activation in situ of bona fide pDCs within the brain parenchyma. Flt3L did not increase the numbers of conventional DCs, macrophages, or B, T, NK, NKT, or microglial cells within the brain. Our data demonstrate that Flt3L reconstitutes a crucial afferent component of the immune response, namely, professional APCs within the brain parenchyma, and this could counteract the intrinsic systemic immune ignorance to Ags localized exclusively within the brain.

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First Report Of Genotypic Resistance To Adefovir In Chronic Hbv In The Republic Of Ireland, B. Laoi, Celine Herra, S. Norris, B. Crowley Mar 2006

First Report Of Genotypic Resistance To Adefovir In Chronic Hbv In The Republic Of Ireland, B. Laoi, Celine Herra, S. Norris, B. Crowley

Articles

No abstract provided.

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Integrated Antenna For Multiband Multi-National Wireless Combined With Gsm1800/Pcs1900/Imt2000 + Extension, Matthias John, Max Ammann Mar 2006

Integrated Antenna For Multiband Multi-National Wireless Combined With Gsm1800/Pcs1900/Imt2000 + Extension, Matthias John, Max Ammann

Articles

A printed triple-band monopole antenna appropriate for use as a terminal antenna in modern wireless multiband systems is proposed. The impedance bandwidth of each band has been optimised using a quasi-Newton technique and the bandwidth includes virtually all wireless bands. Various parameter sweeps are presented which improve our understanding of the antenna, in particular, the effect of groundplane-size and branch-off point on impedance bandwidth and radiation pattern.

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The Mayne Event: All Things Are Possible, Noel Brady Mar 2006

The Mayne Event: All Things Are Possible, Noel Brady

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Interview with Thom Mayne Architect of Morphosis Architects.

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Massive Star Formation In The Central Regions Of Spiral Galaxies, Johan H. Knapen, Lisa M. Mazzuca, Torsten Böker, I. Shlosman, L. Colina, F. Combes, David J. Axon Feb 2006

Massive Star Formation In The Central Regions Of Spiral Galaxies, Johan H. Knapen, Lisa M. Mazzuca, Torsten Böker, I. Shlosman, L. Colina, F. Combes, David J. Axon

Articles

The morphology of massive star formation in the central regions of galaxies is an important tracer of the dynamical processes that govern the evolution of disk, bulge, and nuclear activity. Aims: We present optical imaging of the central regions of a sample of 73 spiral galaxies in the H alpha line and in optical broad bands, and derive information on the morphology of massive star formation. Methods: We obtained images with the William Herschel Telescope, mostly at a spatial resolution of below one second of arc. For most galaxies, no H alpha imaging is available in the literature. We outline …

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Hi Absorption In 3c 49 And 3c 268.3. Probing The Environment Of Compact Steep Spectrum And Ghz Peaked Spectrum Sources, Alvaro Labiano, Rene C. Vermeulen, Peter D. Barthel, Christopher P. O'Dea, J. F. Gallimore, Stefi A. Baum, W. De Vries Feb 2006

Hi Absorption In 3c 49 And 3c 268.3. Probing The Environment Of Compact Steep Spectrum And Ghz Peaked Spectrum Sources, Alvaro Labiano, Rene C. Vermeulen, Peter D. Barthel, Christopher P. O'Dea, J. F. Gallimore, Stefi A. Baum, W. De Vries

Articles

We present and discuss European VLBI Network UHF band spectral line observations, made to localise the redshifted 21cm HI absorption known to occur in the subgalactic sized compact steep spectrum galaxies 3C 49 and 3C 268.3. We have detected HI absorption towards the western radio lobe of 3C 49 and the northern lobe of 3C 268.3. However, we cannot rule out the presence of similar amounts of HI towards the opposite and much fainter lobes. The radio lobes with detected HI absorption (1) are brighter and closer to the core than the opposite lobes; (2) are depolarized; and (3) are …

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Atomic Hydrogen In The One-Sided "Compact Double" Radio Galaxy 2050+364, Rene C. Vermeulen, Alvaro Labiano, Peter D. Barthel, Stefi A. Baum, W. H. De Vries, Christopher P. O'Dea Feb 2006

Atomic Hydrogen In The One-Sided "Compact Double" Radio Galaxy 2050+364, Rene C. Vermeulen, Alvaro Labiano, Peter D. Barthel, Stefi A. Baum, W. H. De Vries, Christopher P. O'Dea

Articles

European VLBI Network spectral imaging of the “compact double” radio source 2050+364 in the UHF band at 1049 MHz has resolved the HI absorbing region, and has shown a faint continuum component to the North (N), in addition to the well-known East-West double (E, W). Re-examination of VLBI continuum images at multiple frequencies suggests that 2050+364 may well be a one-sided core-jet source, which appears as a double over a limited frequency range. One of the dominant features,W, would then be the innermost visible portion of the jet, and could be at or adjacent to the canonical radio core. The …

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Brownian Motion Of Black Holes In Dense Nuclei, David Merritt, Frederik Laun Feb 2006

Brownian Motion Of Black Holes In Dense Nuclei, David Merritt, Frederik Laun

Articles

We evaluate the Brownian motion of a massive particle ("black hole") at the center of a galaxy using N-body simulations. Our galaxy models have power-law central density cusps like those observed at the centers of elliptical galaxies. The simulations show that the black hole achieves a steady-state kinetic energy that is substantially different than would be predicted based on the properties of the galaxy model in the absence of the black hole. The reason appears to be that the black hole responds to stars whose velocities have themselves been raised by the presence of the black hole. Over a wide …

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Misfearing: A Reply, Cass R. Sunstein Feb 2006

Misfearing: A Reply, Cass R. Sunstein

Articles

No abstract provided.

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Distributed Approaches For Exploiting Multiuser Diversity In Wireless Networks, Xiangping Qin, Randall A. Berry Feb 2006

Distributed Approaches For Exploiting Multiuser Diversity In Wireless Networks, Xiangping Qin, Randall A. Berry

Articles

In wireless fading channels, multiuser diversity can be exploited by scheduling users to transmit when their channel conditions are favorable. This leads to a sum throughput that increases with the number of users and, in certain cases, achieves capacity. However, such scheduling requires global knowledge of every user’s channel gain, which may be difficult to obtain in some situations. This paper addresses contention-based protocols for exploiting multiuser diversity with only local channel knowledge. A variation of the ALOHA protocol is given in which users attempt to exploit multiuser diversity gains, but suffer contention losses due to the distributed channel knowledge. …

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A Stackelberg Game Model Of Trade In Renewable Resources With Competitive Sellers, Amitrajeet A. Batabyal, Hamid Beladi Feb 2006

A Stackelberg Game Model Of Trade In Renewable Resources With Competitive Sellers, Amitrajeet A. Batabyal, Hamid Beladi

Articles

We model international trade in renewable resources between a single buyer and competitive sellers as a Stackelberg differential game. The buyer uses unit and ad valorem tariffs to indirectly encourage conservation of the renewable resource under study. First, we show that the efficacy of these trade policy instruments in promoting conservation depends fundamentally on whether harvesting costs are stock dependent or independent. When harvesting costs are stock independent, the optimal open loop tariffs are dynamically consistent. In contrast, when harvesting costs are stock dependent, the optimal open loop tariffs are dynamically inconsistent. Second, we point out that whether the terminal …

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Life's Golden Tree: Empirical Scholarship And American Law, Carl E. Schneider, Lee E. Teitelbaum Feb 2006

Life's Golden Tree: Empirical Scholarship And American Law, Carl E. Schneider, Lee E. Teitelbaum

Articles

What follows is a simplified introduction to legal argument. It is concerned with the scheme of argument and with certain primary definitions and assumptions commonly used in legal opinions and analysis. This discussion is not exhaustive of all the forms of legal argument nor of the techniques of argument you will see and use this year. It is merely an attempt to introduce some commonly used tools in legal argument. It starts, as do most of your first-year courses, with the techniques of the common-law method and then proceeds to build statutory, regulatory, and constitutional sources of law into the …

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Dynamical Cusp Regeneration, David Merritt, Andras Szell Jan 2006

Dynamical Cusp Regeneration, David Merritt, Andras Szell

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After being destroyed by a binary supermassive black hole, a stellar density cusp can regrow at the center of a galaxy via energy exchange between stars moving in the gravitational field of the single, coalesced hole. We illustrate this process via high-accuracy N-body simulations. Regeneration requires roughly one relaxation time and the new cusp extends to a distance of roughly one-fifth the black hole’s influence radius, with density r ∼ r−7/4; the mass in the cusp is of order 10% the mass of the black hole. Growth of the cusp is preceded by a stage in which the stellar velocity …

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Throughput Performance Of An Adaptive Arq Scheme In Rayleigh Fading Channels, A. Mehta, R. Viswanathan, D. Kagaris Jan 2006

Throughput Performance Of An Adaptive Arq Scheme In Rayleigh Fading Channels, A. Mehta, R. Viswanathan, D. Kagaris

Articles

Using a simulation study we analyze the throughput performance of Yao’s adaptive ARQ scheme in time-varying channels. The simulation takes into account the Rayleigh amplitude and the fast or the slow fading characteristics of a wireless channel, under a representative M-FSK modulation and Reed-Solomon coding scheme. We show that, for a specific set of design parameters, Yao’s adaptive procedure works well for all channel fading rates, except for moderately slow rates. By observing variations of packet error rates at a specified SNR we provide an explanation for these varied behaviors under different channel fading rates.

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Medical Imaging And What Lies Ahead, María Helguera Jan 2006

Medical Imaging And What Lies Ahead, María Helguera

Articles

Even though the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen happened in 1895, more than 100 years ago, it wasn’t until the early 1960s that computerized analysis of radiological images was possible. Although the mathematical foundation for computed tomography was derived by Radon in 1917, it was not until the early 1970s that computed tomography scanners were initially developed. Since then computers have become an integral part of medical imaging systems and hospitals, being utilized for data acquisition, image generation and display, and image analysis.

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Detection Of Gaseous Effluents From Airborne Lwir Hyperspectral Imagery Using Physics-Based Signatures, David Messinger, Carl Salvaggio, Natalie Sinisgalli Jan 2006

Detection Of Gaseous Effluents From Airborne Lwir Hyperspectral Imagery Using Physics-Based Signatures, David Messinger, Carl Salvaggio, Natalie Sinisgalli

Articles

Detection of gaseous effluent plumes from airborne platforms provides a unique challenge to the remote sensing community. The measured signatures are a complicated combination of phenomenology including effects of the atmosphere, spectral characteristics of the background material under the plume, temperature contrast between the gas and the surface, and the concentration of the gas. All of these quantities vary spatially further complicating the detection problem. In complex scenes simple estimation of a “residual” spectrum may not be possible due to the variability in the scene background. A common detection scheme uses a matched filter formalism to compare laboratory-measured gas absorption …

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Eruptive Young Stellar Object In Ldn 1415, Joel Kastner, M. Richmond, T. Simon Jan 2006

Eruptive Young Stellar Object In Ldn 1415, Joel Kastner, M. Richmond, T. Simon

Articles

J. Kastner and M. Richmond, Rochester Institute of Technology; T. Simon, Institute for Astronomy, Honolulu; N. Grosso, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble; D. Weintraub, Vanderbilt University; and K. Hamaguchi, Universities Space Research Association, Greenbelt, report that they obtained a 9630-s Director's Discretionary Time exposure on Nov. 18 with the Chandra X-ray Observatory's Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer imaging array (ACIS-I) of a field centered at R.A. = 4h41m35s.8, Decl. = +54d19'20" (equinox 2000.0), the position of a low-luminosity, eruptive, young stellar object reported by Stecklum (CBET 690). No x-ray source is detected within several arcminutes of this position. The upper limit on …

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Genetic Algorithm Automated Generation Of Multivariate Color Tables For Visualization Of Multimodal Medical Data Sets, Karl Baum, Maria Helguera, Andrzej Krol Jan 2006

Genetic Algorithm Automated Generation Of Multivariate Color Tables For Visualization Of Multimodal Medical Data Sets, Karl Baum, Maria Helguera, Andrzej Krol

Articles

In many applications there is a need to visualize multidimensional data sets. Using spatial relationships alone, display is limited to two or three dimensions. The use of color, in addition to spatial relationships, increases the dimensionality of the data that can be effectively visualized. Use of color is usually achieved through the application of color tables. The generation of color tables is not an easy task, and since color space is relatively large it is nearly impossible for an individual to consider all of the possible options. A genetic algorithm was developed to automate this task, generating color tables for …

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Iterative Finite Element Deformable Model For Nonrigid Coregistration Of Multimodal Breast Images, Andrzej Krol, Mehmet Unlu, Alphonso Magri Jan 2006

Iterative Finite Element Deformable Model For Nonrigid Coregistration Of Multimodal Breast Images, Andrzej Krol, Mehmet Unlu, Alphonso Magri

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We have developed a nonrigid registration technique applicable to breast tissue imaging. It relies on a finite element method (FEM) model and a set of fiducial skin markers (FSMs) placed on the breast surface. It can be applied for both intra- and intermodal breast image registration. The registration consists of two steps. First, location and displacements of corresponding FSM observed in both moving and target volumes are determined, and then FEM is used to distribute the FSM displacements linearly over the entire breast volume. After determining the displacements at all the mesh nodes, the moving breast volume is registered to …

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Rytsi: The Rochester Institute Of Technology-Yale Tip-Tilt Speckle Imager, Reed Meyer, Elliott Horch, Zoran Ninkov Jan 2006

Rytsi: The Rochester Institute Of Technology-Yale Tip-Tilt Speckle Imager, Reed Meyer, Elliott Horch, Zoran Ninkov

Articles

We have constructed a new speckle imaging system that collects a large number of speckle patterns on the detector area of a large-format CCD. The system is called the RIT-Yale Tip-tilt Speckle Imager (RYTSI) because it uses two galvanometric scanning mirrors to tip and tilt each speckle pattern to a different location on the CCD chip. It therefore solves the bandwidth problem of using CCDs in speckle imaging in a unique way: the mirrors direct speckle patterns across the chip with millisecond accuracy, and the CCD is read out only when the chip is filled with patterns. The instrument was …

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Reexamining Media Capacity Theories Using Workplace Instant Messaging, Yu-Ting Caisy Hung, Wei-Chang Kong, Ai-Ling Chua Jan 2006

Reexamining Media Capacity Theories Using Workplace Instant Messaging, Yu-Ting Caisy Hung, Wei-Chang Kong, Ai-Ling Chua

Articles

This study empirically examines the general propositions of media capacity theories using a newer and increasing popular communication medium: instant messaging. We developed hypothe ses based on the proposition that synchronous communication media would be perceived to be more effective for convergence communication and asynchronous communication media would be perceived to be more suitable for conveyance communication. These hypotheses were tested using data collected from 81 IM users in four organizations by means of survey instruments develped for this study. The results suggested that although IM was perceived to be a highly synchronous communication medium, it was not perceived to …

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25 Years Of Microelectronic Engineering Education, Santosh Kurinec, Lynn Fuller, Bruce Smith Jan 2006

25 Years Of Microelectronic Engineering Education, Santosh Kurinec, Lynn Fuller, Bruce Smith

Articles

Rochester Institute of Technology started the nation's first Bachelor of Science program in Microelectronic Engineering in 1982. The program has kept pace with the rapid advancements in semiconductor technology, sharing 25 of the 40 years characterized by Moore's Law. The program has constantly advanced its integrated circuit fabrication laboratory in order to graduate students with state-of-the-art knowledge, who become immediate and efficient contributors to their company or graduate program. Today, this facility serves as a key resource for research in semiconductor devices, processes, MEMS, nanotechnology, and microsystems. This has led to the creation of the first PhD program in engineering …

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An Integer Programming Approach To The Construction Of Trend-Free Experimental Plans On Split-Plot Designs, Andres Carrano, Brian Thorn, Guillermo Lopez Jan 2006

An Integer Programming Approach To The Construction Of Trend-Free Experimental Plans On Split-Plot Designs, Andres Carrano, Brian Thorn, Guillermo Lopez

Articles

In many experimental designs, the standard procedure involves randomization of the factor-level combination run order. There are cases, however, where it Is known that a time or position trend that can seriously compromise the results of the experiment may be present. These trends Include wear of tooling and equipment, leaming curves, change In temperatures, and so on, and the trends may show up as linear, quadratic, or even higher order trends. All previously published work has dealt with various methods of constructing trend-resistant run order plans on full and fractional factorial designs. These previous efforts have not addressed any additional …

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Priority-Determined Multiclass Handoff Scheme With Guaranteed Mobile Qos In Wireless Multimedia Networks, Fei Hu, Neeraj Sharma Jan 2006

Priority-Determined Multiclass Handoff Scheme With Guaranteed Mobile Qos In Wireless Multimedia Networks, Fei Hu, Neeraj Sharma

Articles

The provision of multiclass services is gaining wide acceptance and will be more ubiquitous in future wireless and mobile systems. The crucial issue is to provide the guaranteed mobile quality of service (QoS) for arriving multiclass calls. In multimedia cellular networks, we should not only minimize the dropping rate of handoff calls, but also control the blocking rate of new calls at an acceptable level. This paper proposes a novel multiclass call-admission- control mechanism that is based on a dynamic reservation pool for handoff requests. In this paper, we propose the concept of servicing multiclass connections based on priority determination …

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The Six Facets Model Of Technology Management Under Conditions Of Rapid Change: A Study In The Pre-Media Segment Of The Printing Industry, Sri Hemanth Prakhya, Clyde Eirikur Hull Jan 2006

The Six Facets Model Of Technology Management Under Conditions Of Rapid Change: A Study In The Pre-Media Segment Of The Printing Industry, Sri Hemanth Prakhya, Clyde Eirikur Hull

Articles

Under conditions of rapid or continual technological change, understanding how the transition from old technology to new works is critical to organizational success.We apply the Six Facets Model of technology management to the process innovation challenges faced by the printing industry. This new application of the model yields insights not only into the printing industry but into how the process innovation process can be managed in any industry facing high levels of technological change. Thus, the Six Facets Model is validated in a new, broader setting, suggesting it be widely applied in industries facing significant changes in technology.

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The Integration Of Ad Hoc Sensor And Cellular Networks For Multi-Class Data Transmission, Fei Hu, Sunil Kumar Jan 2006

The Integration Of Ad Hoc Sensor And Cellular Networks For Multi-Class Data Transmission, Fei Hu, Sunil Kumar

Articles

This paper targets mobile telemedicine applications that can be supported using third generation (3G) cellular networks, to provide highly flexible medical services. On the other hand, large-scale Ad hoc Sensor Networks (ASN), when deployed among mobile patients who may carry different kinds of micro-sensors to measure ECG, blood pressure, basal temperature or other physiological data, can provide a dynamic data query architecture to allow the medical specialists to monitor patients at any place. So far very little research has been conducted to explore the possibility of integrating ASN with mobile telemedicine. In this paper: 1. we suggest an integrated architecture …

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Language And Immanence In Hamann, Katie Terezakis Jan 2006

Language And Immanence In Hamann, Katie Terezakis

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This article appears in the special issue Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal, Expression in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century German Philosophy

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Sensitivity Of Contact Electronic Throttle Control Sensor To Control System Variation, Robert Garrick Jan 2006

Sensitivity Of Contact Electronic Throttle Control Sensor To Control System Variation, Robert Garrick

Articles

"The following papers are published on this website with permission from SAE International. As a user of this website, you are permitted to view these papers on-line, download these .pdf files and print one copy of these papers at no cost for your use only. The downloaded .pdf files and printout of these SAE papers may not be copied, distributed or forwarded to others or for the use of others. SAE Paper # 2006-01-0763 © **2006 SAE International The purpose of this paper is to improve the understanding of the advantages of a non-contact electronic throttle control (ETC) air control …

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