Digital Commons Network^™

The Size Ellect On The Infrared Spectra Of Condensed Media Under Conditions Of Id, 2d And 3d Dielectric Confinement, Igor I. Shaganov, Tatiana S. Perova, Vasily A. Melnikov, Kevin Berwick

Articles

A general expression for the dielectric loss spectrum of an absorbing composite medium was obtained from a Maxwell-Garnett general equation. This expression was simplified for the cases of one, two and three dimensional dielectric confinement in both ordered and disordered thin layers, rods (wires) and spheres of absorbing medium which are considered as mesoparticles or mesoscopic molecules. This theoretical approach was verified experimentally using high purity organic liquids with strong absorption bands in the infrared range. Three organic liquids, namely benzene, chloroform and carbon disulphide, were measured in various dielectric confinement configurations using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with a …

A Macrobending Singlemode Fiber Refractive Index Sensor For Low Refractive Index Liquids, Pengfei Wang, Yuliya Semenova, Yong Li, Qiang Wu, Gerald Farrell

Articles

An all-fiber refractive index sensor with a simple configuration is proposed and investigated. The proposed fiber refractometer consists of a full-loop structure of bare high-bend loss singlemode fiber-1060XP, employing the well-known whispering gallery mode (WGM) effect induced by the evanescent wave excitation to measure the refractive index of an external medium. A competitive sensitivity is achieved (average 725.76nm/RIU at a bend diameter of 19.3mm) compared with other fiber-optic sensors, plus benefits resulting from simplicity, low cost and ease of fabrication.

Study Of The Effect Of Source Signal Bandwidth On Ratiometric Wavelength Measurement, Qiang Wu, Yuliya Semenova, Ginu Rajan, Pengfei Wang, Gerald Farrell

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We derive an analytic equation for a ratiometric wavelength measurement system and analyze the influence of the optical source signal bandwidth. Our investigation shows that in a particular optical sensing system, the higher the bandwidth of the optical signal, the better resolution the system will achieve. Experiments based on two types of optical signals (output signal of a tunable laser and a fiber Bragg grating) were carried out, and experimental results verified both the simulation results and the theoretical analysis.

The Roberts Court And The Environment, Stephen M. Johnson

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During the October 2008 Term, the Supreme Court decided five cases that raised issues of environmental law and the environment was the loser in each case. While it may be difficult to characterize the decisions of the Roberts Court, generally, as “pro-environment” or “antienvironment,” a couple themes consistently appear in the Court’s decisions. First, in most of the environmental cases, the Court has adopted a position advocated or defended by a federal, state or local government when governmental interests are at issue. Second, in all of the cases that implicate federalism concerns, the Court has rendered decisions that favor States’ …

Complex Absorbing Potential Method For Systems, Jimmy Kungsman

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The Complex Absorbing Potential (CAP) method is widely used to compute resonances in Quantum Chemistry, both for scalar valued and matrix valued Hamiltonians. In the semiclassical limit ℏ→0 we consider resonances near the real axis and we establish the CAP method rigorously in an abstract matrix valued setting by proving that resonances are perturbed eigenvalues of the nonselfadjoint CAP Hamiltonian, and vice versa. The proof is based on pseudodifferential operator theory and microlocal analysis.

A Fish Tale: A Small Fish, The Esa, And Our Shared Future, Dale Goble

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The objective of the Endangered Species Act is to "recover" imperiled species and thus to render the Act's conservation tools unnecessary To achieve this goal, the drafters of the Act crafted a linear process that begins with an assessment of the threats facing the species and moves through the elimination of those threats to the recovery and delisting of the species. It has become increasingly apparent over the past decade that few species fit this model- most species face threats-altered habitats and competition with invasive species-that cannot be eliminated. These species are "conservation reliant" because they will require ongoing conservation …

To Proceed With Caution? Aiding And Abetting Liability Under The Alien Tort Statute, Ryan S. Lincoln

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No abstract provided.

Evolution Of The Policies Surrounding Ground And Surface Water Management In The West, Barbara Cosens

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No abstract provided.

The Montreal Convention And The Preemption Of Air Passenger Harm Claims, Marc Mcdonald

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The article examines the evolution and present state of the law governing the preemption of passenger claims for compensation for harm arising from international air travel under the Montreal and Warsaw Conventions

'Have We All Gone Bats?' - The Strict Protection Of Wildlife Under The Habitats Directive And Tourism Development: Some Lessons From Ireland, Marc Mcdonald

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This article explores the impact of the legal protection of bats under EU wildilfe legislation on tourism development in Ireland.

Towards An Understanding Of International City Break Travel, Gerard Dunne, Sheila Flanagan, Joan Buckley

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This paper explores city break tourism and in particular the distinctive characteristics of this form of travel. The city break is examined and compared to other types of trips. The research follows a sequential mixed methods approach involving both a visitor survey and in-depth interviews. The findings show the international city break trip to have a number of distinctive characteristics. These are summarised into five main areas (5 Ds) – duration, distance, date flexibility, discretionary nature, and destination travel party. These distinguishing features provide a useful insight into one of the most important yet least examined travel segments in tourism …

Regenerating The Quays In Salford: An Analysis Of Visitor Perception, Behaviour And Experience, Ruth Craggs, Peter Schofield

Articles

Tourism can generate substantial benefits to destination communities and has featured extensively in urban regeneration policy, but whilst there is now an extensive literature covering urban tourism and dockland regeneration, visitor perceptions of urban waterfront destinations and their on-site behaviour and experience remain largely unexplored. The paper focuses on the Quays in Salford, the city’s former docklands, which has been regenerated and repositioned as its flagship tourism product. It reports the findings from a questionnaire survey of visitors’ perceptions, behaviour and experience of the Quays. A principal components analysis revealed that four product performance dimensions: ‘primary attractions’, ‘secondary attractions’, ‘access’ …

Trends In The Mathematical Competency Of University Entrants In Ireland By Leaving Certificate Mathematics Grade, Fiona Faulkner, Ailish Hannigan, Olivia Gill

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This article reports on the mathematical competency of students entering third-level education in the University of Limerick (UL). Data from diagnostic testing, gathered on 5,949 students between the years 1998 and 2008, are used to demonstrate the changes in competency levels of students entering UL. There has been a significant decline in the performance of students in the diagnostic test over time.The performance, on average, of students with the same leaving certificate mathematics grade on entry into university has not changed significantly over time. However, the profile of the entrants has changed considerably and this is contributing to the overall …

Ict Innovation Diffusion In Small Logistics Service Providers: An Empirical Survey, Pietro Evangelista, Edward Sweeney, Claudia-Maria Wagner

Articles

For companies competing in highly dynamic markets, innovation is considered a fundamental component of a successful business as it allows companies to sustain profit margins, sales growth and reduce competitors’ pressures. Information and communication technology (ICT) is essential innovation enablers especially in service companies. The focus of the paper is on the analysis of the role of ICT in innovation processes of small third-party logistics service providers (3PLs). On the basis of quantitative evidence emerging from a recent survey carried out on the Italian 3PL market, the paper analyses how ICT is used to support innovation and the factors the …

Property And Transitional Justice, Bernadette Atuahene

Articles

Transitional justice is the study of those mechanisms employed by communities, states and the international community to deal with a legacy of systematic human rights abuses and authoritarianism in order to promote social reconstruction. There is a well developed transitional justice literature on how states can deal with past violations of civil and political rights, which discusses the value of truth commissions, and international and domestic prosecutions. The transitional justice literature on how to deal with past violations of property rights, however, is significantly less developed. The goal of this essay is to begin an important conversation about how transitional …

Property Rights & The Demands Of Transformation, Bernadette Atuahene

Articles

The conception of property that a transitional state adopts is critically important because it affects the state’s ability to transform society. The classical conception of real property gives property rights a certain sanctity that allows owners to have near absolute control of their property. But, the sanctity given to property rights has made land reform difficult and thus can serve as a sanctuary for enduring inequality. This is particularly true in countries like South Africa and Namibia where—due to pervasive past property theft— land reform is essential because there are competing legitimate claims to land. Oddly, the classical conception is …

Fresh Look At Punitive Damages, Richard Henry Seamon

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No abstract provided.

Reminiscence On The 1984 Swan Falls Water Rights Negotiations, Patrick D. Costello

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No abstract provided.

Conservation-Reliant Species And The Future Of Conservation, Dale Goble

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Species threatened with extinction are the focus of mounting conservation concerns throughout the world. Thirty-seven years after passage of the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1973, we conclude that the Act’s underlying assumption—that once the recovery goals for a species are met it will no longer require continuing management—is false. Even when management actions succeed in achieving biological recovery goals, maintenance of viable populations of many species will require continuing, species-specific intervention. Such species are “conservation reliant.” To assess the scope of this problem, we reviewed all recovery plans for species listed as endangered or threatened under the Act. Our …

Neither Fish Nor Fowl: Administrative Judges In The Modern Administrative State, Linda Jellum

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This article examines the role of administrative adjudication in the United States constitutional system. It begins by noting that such adjudication fits uncomfortably within a system of divided powers. Administrative judges, including administrative law judges [ALJs] (who have the highest level of protection and status), are considerably more circumscribed than ordinary Article III judges. Indeed, administrative judges are usually housed in the agencies for which they decide cases, rather than in independent adjudicative bodies, and they do not always have the final say regarding the cases they decide. In many instances, the agency can appeal an adverse administrative judge's decision …

A Model For Predicting Extragalactic Jet Lifetimes, Daniel S. Spicer, Robert Bingham, Stephen O'Sullivan

Articles

Abstract. In this letter, we propose a model to explain the disintegration of ex- tragalactic jets and to predict the associated timescale. The model assumes that a jet is current and charge neutral as well as collimated at its source; however, the forward electron current gradually decays producing a magnetic field transverse to the direction of jet propagation. This growing transverse magnetic field eventually causes the jet to disintegrate.

Implementing The 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines, Including Use Of The Impedance Threshold Device, Improves Hospital Discharge Rate After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Ken Thigpen, Scott Davis, Roberta Basol, Peggy Lange, Sandeep Jain, John Olsen, Bernard Erickson, Timothy Schuchard, Tom P. Aufderheide

Articles

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the impact of the 2005 American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines, including use of an impedance threshold device (ITD), on survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest.

METHODS:

Two community hospitals that tracked outcomes after in-hospital cardiac arrest pooled and compared their hospital discharge rate before and after implementing the 2005 American Heart Association CPR guidelines (including ITD) in standardized protocols. In CPR we used the proper ventilation rate, allowed full chest-wall recoil, conducted continuous CPR following intubation, and used an ITD. We compared historical control data from a 12-month period at St Cloud Hospital, St Cloud, Minnesota, …

The Harper's Legacy: National Airs And Pianoforte Music., Una Hunt

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No abstract provided.

Structure-Reactivity Relationships Of L-Proline Derived Spirolactams And A-Methyl Prolinamide Organocatalysts In The Asymmetric Michael Addition Reaction Of Aldehydes To Nitroolefins., Fintan Kelleher, Sinead Kelly, John Watts, Vickie Mckee

Articles

L-Proline derived spirolactams and a-methyl prolinamides act as organocatalysts for the asymmetric conjugate addition of aldehydes to nitroolefins in excellent yields, with good diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. Furthermore, low catalyst loadings (5 mol%) and a low aldehyde molar excess (1.5 molar equivalents) were achieved.

Energy And Water Saving By Using Modified Closed Circuits Of Drip Irrigation System, Hani A.-G. Mansour, Mohamed Yousif Tayel, David A. Lightfoot, Abdel-Ghany Mohamed El-Gindy

Articles

The aim of this research was determine the energy and water use efficiencies under the modification of closed circuit drip irrigation systems designs. Field experiments carried out on transgenic maize (GDH, LL3), (Zea Mays crop) under two types of closed circuits: a) One manifold for lateral lines or Closed circuits with One Manifold of Drip Irrigation System (CM1DIS); b) Closed circuits with Two Manifolds of Drip Irrigation System (CM2DIS), and c) Traditional Drip Irrigation System (TDIS) as a control. Three lengths of lateral lines were used, 40, 60, and 80 meters. PE tubes lateral lines: 16 mm diameter; 30 cm …

Franco-Irish Connections: Essays, Memoirs And Poems In Honour Of Pierre Joannon : Review, Eamon Maher

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The name Pierre Joannon is synonymous with Irish studies and with Franco-Irish relations. I can think of few, if any, people who are more worthy recipients of this beautifully presented Festschrift than the Honorary French Irish Consul, scholar and former President of the Ireland Fund de France. You get some idea of his stature from the list of contributors to this book: two former Taoisigh, Garret FitzGerald and John Bruton, two Nobel Laureates, John Hume and Seamus Heaney, poets Brendan Kennelly and John Montague, a host of historians including Dermot Keogh, Joe Lee, Eunan O’Halpin and Kevin Whelan, distinguished intellectuals …

Reactive Oxygen Species Induced Cytokine Production And Cytotoxicity Of Pamam Dendrimers In J774a.1 Cells, Pratap Naha, Maria Davoren, Fiona Lyng, Hugh Byrne

Articles

The immunotoxicity of three generations of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (G-4, G-5 and G-6) was evaluated in mouse macrophage cells in vitro. Using the Alamar blue and MTT assays, a generation dependent cytotoxicity of the PAMAM dendrimers was found whereby G-6 > G-5 > G-4. The toxic response of the PAMAM dendrimers correlated well with the number of surface primary amino groups, with increasing number resulting in an increase in toxic response. An assessment of intracellular ROS generation by the PAMAM dendrimers was performed by measuring the increased fluorescence as a result of intracellular oxidation of Carboxy H2DCFDA to DCF both quantitatively using …

Practical Simulation Application: Evaluation Of Process Control Parameters In Twisted-Pair Cables Manufacturing System, Amr Mahfouz, Amr Arisha

Articles

Intensive competition and rapid technology development of Twisted-Pair Cables (TPC) industry have left no room for competing manufacturers to harbour system inefficiencies. TPC are used in various communication and networks hardware applications; their manufacturing facilities face many challenges including various product configurations with different equipment settings, different product flows and Work in Process (WIP) space limitations. The quest for internal efficiency and external effectiveness forces companies to align their internal settings and resources with external requirements/orders, or in different words, significant factors must be set appropriately and identified prior to manufacturing processes. Integrated definition models (IDEF0, IDEF3) in conjunction with …

Ablation Of Chronic Total Occlusions Using Kilohertz-Frequency Mechanical Vibrations In Minimally Invasive Angioplasty Procedures., Garrett Mcguinness, Mark Wylie, Graham Gavin

Articles

Certain minimally invasive cardiology procedures, such as balloon angioplasty and stent implantation, critically require that the site of an arterial blockage be crossed by an intraluminal guidewire. Plaques resulting in near or totally occluded arteries are known as chronic total occlusions (CTOs), and crossing them with conventional guidewires is a significant challenge. Among the most promising proposed solutions is the delivery of high power, low frequency ultrasonic vibrations to the occlusion site via an intraluminal wire waveguide. The vibrating distal-tip of the ultrasound wire waveguide is used to transmit energy to the surrounding plaques, tissues and fluids in order to …

Imaging Live Cells Grown On A Three Dimensional Collagen Matrix Using Raman Microspectroscopy, Franck Bonnier, Peter Knief, Basil Lim, Aidan Meade, Jennifer Dorney, Kunal Bhattacharya, Fiona Lyng, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Three dimensional collagen gels have been used as matrices for the imaging of live cells by Raman spectroscopy. The study is conducted on a human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and a spontaneously immortalized human epithelial keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line. The lateral resolution of the system has been estimated to be