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The Paradoxical Success Of Fuzzy Logic, Charles Elkan

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1993 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. Applications of fuzzy logic in heuristic control have been highly successful, but which aspects of fuzzy logic are essential to its practical usefulness? This paper shows that an apparently reasonable version of fuzzy logic collapses mathematically to two-valued logic. Moreover, there are few if any published reports of …

Fuzzy Knowledge-Based Approach To Treating Uncertainty In Inventory Control, Dobrilla Petrovic, Edward Sweeney

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Inventory control in complex manufacturing environments encounters various sources of uncertainity and imprecision. This paper presents one fuzzy knowledge-based approach to solving the problem of order quantity determination, in the presence of uncertain demand, lead time and actual inventory level. Uncertain data are represented by fuzzy numbers, and vaguely defined relations between them are modeled by fuzzy if-then rules. The proposed representation and inference mechanism are verified using a large numbers of examples. The results of three representative cases are summarized. Finally a comparison between the developed fuzzy knowledge-based and traditional, probabilistic approaches is discussed.

Standing Firm, On Forbidden Grounds, Richard A. Epstein

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No abstract provided.

Brown Is Dead - Long Live Brown: The Endless Attempt To Canonize A Case Twentieth-Century Constitutional History, Gerald Rosenberg

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No abstract provided.

The Bible In The Service Of The Canon Law, Richard H. Helmholz

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No abstract provided.

Premarital And Postmarital Agreements In Minnesota, Judith T. Younger, William E. Mullin

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No abstract provided.

The Parameters, Progressions, And Paradoxes Of Baron Bramwell, Anita Ramasastry

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No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Self Pulsation In Multisection Lasers With Distributed Feedback And Intracavity Satuarable Absorbers, P. Phelan, D. Mcdonald, A. Egan, Joe Hegarty, R. O'Dowd, Gerald Farrell, S. Lingren

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The authors report a comparison of the self-pulsing characteristics of two types of semiconductor laser. They show that the self-pulsing frequency of the DFB laser is decoupled from the resonance frequency. They discuss the various characteristics, their significance in relation to optical synchronisation, and use the results to suggest a possible explanation for the mechanism for self-pulsation in the DFB laser.

Fast Tcm Decoding: Phase Quantization And Integer Weighting, Frank Carden, Michael D. Ross, Brian T. Kopp, William P. Osborne

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TCM, combining modulation and coding, achieves coding gains over conventional uncoded multilevel modulation without the attendant bandwidth expansion. Since TCM was proposed Ungerboeck (1982, 1987) substantial work has done in this area. A large portion of the TCM work has been in the area of high-speed data transmission over voice grade modems using quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM. QAM, not having a constant envelope, is unattractive for employing a TWT with its nonlinear behavior as the power stage. Additional work has been done in utilizing M-ary PSK with TCM. Simulations by Taylor and Chan (1981) utilizing a 4-state convolutional code demonstrated …

Simulation Study Of Changes In Ultrasound Speckle Statistics With The System Point Spread Function, Navalgund A. H. K. Rao, Hui Zhu

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The intensity point signal-to-noise ratio, SNRI, characterizing the ultrasound speckle statistics, depends on the tissue scattering microstructure and the imaging systems point spread function. Both should be described in three-dimensional space. Therefore, a three-dimensional simulation model is used in this paper to generate a rf signal and study the variations in SNRI with the transducer center frequency and bandwidth. Results are in agreement with existing theoretical predictions. A possible method to analyze the SNRI data is also presented that can produce a straight line slope as a feature value that depends on the tissue scattering microstructure only. Such a feature …

Federalist Society Roundtable Discussion, Timothy Dyk, Robert Bork, Nadine Strossen, John O. Mcginnis, Theodore B. Olson

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This discussion took place at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., on October 12, 1993.

Appropriation Art And The Imminent Decline In Authorial Control Over Copyrighted Works, Marci A. Hamilton

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No abstract provided.

Artificial Impairment And The Single Asset Chapter 11 Case, David G. Carlson

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The article critiques the use of Chapter 11 bankruptcy for single asset real estate cases, arguing that the doctrine of artificial impairment undermines the purpose of Chapter 11 by allowing creditors to bypass valuation and unfairly dismiss cases without merit. It contends that the repeal of section 1124(3) in 1994 has created uncertainty about the viability of artificial impairment as a tactic, while courts and creditors continue to grapple with the classification and treatment of claims in these cases.

If Anybody Asks You Who I Am: An Outsider's Story Of The Duty To Establish Paternity, Lisa Kelly

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This story is fictional but true. There is no one particular Minerva Copeland, James Walker, or Judge Jennings. Lake Village and Helena also are intended to be fictional places. I chose a format using endnotes instead of footnotes in an effort not to disrupt the flow of the narrative. The endnotes, however, are an integral part of this article and serve to provide the reader with the background necessary to understand the legal and social context in which this piece operates.

Antitrust Conspiracy Doctrine And The Hospital Enterprise, William S. Brewbaker Iii

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No abstract provided.

Cosmopolitanism Inside Out: International Norms And The Struggle For Civil Rights And Local Justice The Day, Berry & Howard Visiting Scholars, Richard Delgado, Jean Stefancic

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No abstract provided.

A Nation At Prayer, A Nation In Hate: Apartheid In South Africa, Tamara Rice Lave

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No abstract provided.

Controlling Inadvertent Ambiguity In The Logical Structure Of Legal Drafting By Means Of The Prescribed Definitions Of The A-Hohfeld Structural Language, Layman E. Allen, Charles S. Saxon

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Two principal sources of imprecision in legal drafting (vagueness and ambiguity) are identified and illustrated. Virtually all of the ambiguity imprecision encountered in legal discourse is ambiguity in the language used to express logical structure, and virtually all of· the imprecision resulting is inadvertent. On the other hand, the imprecision encountered in legal writing that results from vagueness is frequently, if not most often, included there deliberately; the drafter has considered it and decided that the vague language· best accomplishes the purpose at hand. This paper focuses on the use of some defined terminology for minimizing inadvertent ambiguity in the …

Parallel Universes: Nepa Lessons For The New Property, Michael E. Herz

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No abstract provided.

Modern Corporate Theory: Public Utility Or Private Part? A Comment On Professor Wolfe's Paper, Charles M. Yablon

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The article critiques the current state of corporate law theory, particularly the "nexus of contracts" model, for being overly simplistic and failing to provide a realistic or normatively satisfying account of corporate behavior. It argues that while critiques of this model exist, there is no substantial alternative theory, and the field remains mired in incremental debates that lack depth or practical relevance. The author suggests that corporate law scholarship should adopt a more practical, lawyerly approach, focusing on policy arguments and real-world implications rather than theoretical abstractions.

A Note On Distributed Estimation And Sufficiency, R. Viswanathan

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In relation to distributed parameter estimation, the notion of local and global sufficient statistics is introduced. It is shown that when a sufficiency condition is satisfied by the probability distribution of a random sample, a global sufficient statistic is obtainable as a function of local sufficient statistics. Several standard distributions satisfy the said sufficiency condition.

Application Of Expectation-Maximization Algorithm To The Detection Of A Direct-Sequence Signal In Pulsed Noise Jamming, Arif Ansari, R. Viswanathan

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We consider the detection of a direct-sequence spread-spectrum signal received in a pulsed noise jamming environment. The expectation-maximization algorithm is used to estimate the unknown jammer parameters and hence obtain a decision on the binary signal based on the estimated likelihood functions. The probability of error performance of the algorithm is simulated for a repeat code and a (7,4) block code. Simulation results show that at low signal-to-thermal noise ratio and high jammer power, the EM detector performs significantly better than the hard limiter and somewhat better than the soft limiter. Also, at low SNR, there is little degradation as …

Blur Identification By Residual Spectral Matching, Andreas Savakis, H. Joel Trussell

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The estimation of the point spread function (PSF) for blur identification, often a necessary first step in the restoration of real images, method is presented. The PSF estimate is chosen from a collection of candidate PSFs, which may be constructed using a parametric model or from experimental measurements. The PSF estimate is selected to provide the best match between the restoration residual power spectrum and its expected value, derived under the assumption that the candidate PSF is equal to the true PSF. Several distance measures were studied to determine which one provides the best match. The a priori knowledge required …

On The Accuracy Of Psf Representation In Image Restoration, Andreas Savakis, H. Joel Trussell

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Point spread function (PSF) models derived from physical optics provide a more accurate representation of real blurs than simpler models based on geometrical optics. However, the physical PSF models do not always result in a significantly better restoration, due to the coarse sampling of the recording device and insufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. Low recording resolutions result in aliasing errors in the PSF and suboptimal restorations. A high-resolution representation of the PSF where aliasing errors are minimized is used to obtain improved restorations. The SNR is the parameter which ultimately limits the restoration quality and determines the need for …

Controlling Chaos In Semiconductor Laser Devices, Athanasios Gavrielides, Vassilios Kovanis, Paul Alsing

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In most encounters, chaos is considered a nuisance, if not a downright detriment to system performance, especially in laser devices. However, the presence of chaos in a system can act as a rich source of complex frequencies if one only had a way of accessing them. In this work we present a discussion of the recent work of Ott, Grebogi and Yorke on controlling chaos as applied to a semiconductor diode laser subject to optical feedback via an external mirror. In the regime in which the laser is chaotic, stabilization can be achieved by sampling the output intensity and feeding …

Synchronization Of Chaotic Trajectories In A Diode Resonator Using Proportional Feedback, Timothy Newell, Paul Alsing, Athanasios Gavrielides

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We have demonstrated experimentally a proportional feedback algorithm for the synchronization of chaotic time signals generated from a pair of independent diode resonator circuits. Synchronization was easily obtained and occurred for relative feedback levels between three and eight percent of the driving voltage. Once established, the synchronization persisted throughout the whole range of the resonator bifurcation diagram without varying the gain of the feedback.

All Optical Timing Extraction With Frequency Division Using A Twin Section Laser Diode, Gerald Farrell, P. Phelan, Joe Hegarty, J. A. Shields

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All-optical timing extraction from a coded line signal with division of the extracted clock frequency is demonstrated using a single twin-section self-pulsating laser diode. Either the bit-rate clock or a submultiple of the bit-rate clock can be extracted, depending only on the dc biases applied to the self-pulsating laser diode. Timing extraction is carried out for the first time without optical injection locking of the self-pulsating laser diode by the optical data source.

Lee V. Weisman: A New Age For Establishment Clause Jurisprudence?, Elizabeth Brandt

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No abstract provided.

Shackle & Hoist: The Power Of Alternatives, Henry Spira

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Few things in the decades-old horror show of farm animal-suffering have bothered all of us quite so much as shackling and hoisting. It should come as a relief to animal protectionists that the curtain is finally beginning to fall on the last grisly scenes of this archaic practice.

While our ideal remains the non-violent dinner table, the reality is that eating habits lend to change slowly. In terms of the "three Rs" this means that adopting a meatless diet for ethical reasons (Replacement) remains our long-term goal. In the short term our best bet is to also focus on eating …

Repointing Mortars For Conservation Of A Historic Stone Building In Trinity College, Dublin, Aidan Duffy, Tim P. Cooper, Simon H. Perry

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With atmospheric pollution causing building stone to decay at accelerated rates, conservation of historic stone monuments is becoming an increasingly important issue. Mortar joints have a marked effect on how moisture moves in a wall and, hence, on how the wall weathers. Not only does mortar bind stones together, but also a good mortar will prevent the ingress of moisture (and pollutants), enable the buildings to dry out, accommodate movement and will not act as a source of harmful chemicals capable of attacking the surrounding stone. Thus, poor mortar can have deleterious effects on the stonework. This paper, which is …