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Articles 4801 - 4830 of 5238
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Introduction Feature: Right After Communism: Introduction, Cass R. Sunstein
Introduction Feature: Right After Communism: Introduction, Cass R. Sunstein
Articles
No abstract provided.
How To Negotiate A Sales Contract, James J. White
How To Negotiate A Sales Contract, James J. White
Articles
A. Introduction 1. In my experience, lawyers begin negotiating only after the business people have decided upon the description and quality of the product, the time of delivery, and the mode and amount of payment. The lawyers are left with the pathological problems - who gets what in case of trouble. 2. Most of those pathological problems relate to the seller's responsibility if the product does not conform to the contract or otherwise fails to please the buyer. These failures can cause economic loss to the buyer, economic loss to a remote purchaser, or personal injury or property damage to …
Deep Inner Lives, Individualism And People Of Honour, William I. Miller
Deep Inner Lives, Individualism And People Of Honour, William I. Miller
Articles
With the exception of St Augustine and perhaps Abelard, often praised as modern before their time, it is not unusual to find it maintained that the individual was not available in any serious conceptual, psychological or even sociological way before the seventeenth century. Our thick and deep self, according to this view, is thus a rather recent phenomenon. Some more expansive souls find the individual already emerging a century earlier, during the Reformation. Within the last three decades, medievalists, chagrined at being contemned by classicists on one flank and an alliance of Renaissance scholars, early modernists, modernists and post-modernists on …
Frequency Dependence Of Phase Difference Between Synchronised Self-Pulsating Laser Emission And Injected Periodic Signals, A. Egan, G. O'Gorman, P. Rees, Gerald Farrell, Joe Hegarty, P. Phelan
Frequency Dependence Of Phase Difference Between Synchronised Self-Pulsating Laser Emission And Injected Periodic Signals, A. Egan, G. O'Gorman, P. Rees, Gerald Farrell, Joe Hegarty, P. Phelan
Articles
The authors show by experiment and calculation that, for self pulsating laser diodes synchronised to external electrical signals, a phase shift exists between the applied signal and the laser output. The authors then show that this phase shift depends on the frequency difference between these signals and on the applied signal amplitude.
On The Calculation Of The Exponential Bound Parameter For Phase Quantized 8-Psk, Michael D. Ross, William P. Osborne
On The Calculation Of The Exponential Bound Parameter For Phase Quantized 8-Psk, Michael D. Ross, William P. Osborne
Articles
The exponential bound parameter is numerically evaluated for 16-zone quantized 8-PSK for signal vectors bisecting decision regions and for signal vectors lying on decision boundaries. For decision regions of equal span, signal vectors lying on decision boundaries are superior, confirming the result of Parsons and Wilson (1990). Signal vectors bisecting decision regions are superior if span of decision regions not containing signal vectors is optimized. Using the partial derivative, it is shown that the optimal configuration depends on SNR. Furthermore, the optimal configuration is not necessarily one in which the decision boundaries are straight lines.
On Snr As A Measure Of Performance For Narrowband Interference Rejection In Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems, Arif Ansari, R. Viswanathan
On Snr As A Measure Of Performance For Narrowband Interference Rejection In Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems, Arif Ansari, R. Viswanathan
Articles
The usefulness of SNR as a figure of merit to quantify the narrowband interference rejection capability of a DS receiver is examined. The interference considered is a peaked autoregressive Gaussian process. The probability of error and SNR estimates of a Kalman, a modified Kalman, and a nonlinear filter proposed in [2] are obtained by simulation. Based on this simulation study and the available theoretical error rate analysis of transversal filters, we can conclude that SNR is a useful measure if the processing gain, PG, of the DS system is moderately large. When the PG is small, such as 7, and …
Ansco Reminiscences, Ira Current
Ansco Reminiscences, Ira Current
Articles
Article by Prof Emeritus Ira Current, retired faculty member, about his early days at Ansco (later Agfa/Ansco), his arrival and on-the-job anecdotes prior to WWII.
An Introduction To Environmental Law In The United States Of America, Michael E. Herz
An Introduction To Environmental Law In The United States Of America, Michael E. Herz
Articles
There is an old joke about someone who, having taken a course in speed reading, is able to finish War and Peace in an afternoon. On bragging about this accomplishment, he is asked what the book was about. His entire response: "Russia." In attempting to fulfil my charge to summarize American environmental law in a few pages I fear that I risk a similar result. With such ruthless simplification, the reader may came away with no more understanding of this enormous, detailed, and complex body of law than the speed reader had of Tolstoy, knowing only that American environmental law …
An Introduction To Environmental Law In The United States, Michael E. Herz
An Introduction To Environmental Law In The United States, Michael E. Herz
Articles
No abstract provided.
Aliquippa: The Company Town And Contested Power In The Construction Of Law, Kenneth M. Casebeer
Aliquippa: The Company Town And Contested Power In The Construction Of Law, Kenneth M. Casebeer
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Metaphor Is The Key: Cryptography, The Clipper Chip, And The Constitution, A. Michael Froomkin
The Metaphor Is The Key: Cryptography, The Clipper Chip, And The Constitution, A. Michael Froomkin
Articles
No abstract provided.
Confrontation And The Utility Of Rules, Richard D. Friedman, Ronald J. Allen, Alex Stein, Roger C. Park, Margaret A. Berger, Nancy J. King, John Jackson, Eleanor Swift, Craig R. Callen, Eileen A. Scallen
Confrontation And The Utility Of Rules, Richard D. Friedman, Ronald J. Allen, Alex Stein, Roger C. Park, Margaret A. Berger, Nancy J. King, John Jackson, Eleanor Swift, Craig R. Callen, Eileen A. Scallen
Articles
There is a good reason why evidence scholars continue to be fascinated and perplexed, and some courts continue at least to be perplexed, by the types of evidence that tend to be lumped together misleadingly under the headings nonassertive conduct or implied assertions. Evidence of this sort highlights a paradox of the prevailing law of hearsay. I believe that this paradox cannot be resolved without fundamentally transforming the structure of that law. Thus, while I agree - within the current framework - with many of the insights so ably stated in this Symposium, I think evidence scholars must devote their …
Harvey's Silence (Symposium: Letters To The Commission), James J. White
Harvey's Silence (Symposium: Letters To The Commission), James J. White
Articles
Harvey Miller has a reputation as a leading bankruptcy lawyer, and he deserves it. As his criticism shows, he understands why and how the Code changed the Act in 1978 and how the drafters of Chapter 11 erred. Better than all but a handful of other lawyers, Harvey Miller knows how to manipulate Chapter 11 to serve his clients' interests. He understands both the legal and practical intricacies of Chapter 11. Were I the CEO of a large and troubled company, I would hire Harvey Miller and gladly pay him twice what most other bankruptcy lawyers would charge. In short, …
Upward Contempt, William I. Miller
Upward Contempt, William I. Miller
Articles
Contempt and shame go hand in hand. Actions that should shame us, styles of self-presentation that should humiliate us if we are socially competent enough to have such a purchase on ourselves, are those actions and styles that generate and justify the contempt of others for us. Or, changing the causal order: one's contempt of us will generate shame or humiliation in us if we concur with the judgment of our contemptibility, that is, if the contempt is justified, or indignation and even vengeful fury if it is unjustified. Contempt is thus a mechanism of ranking people or of contesting …
Fuzzifying The Natural Law--Legal Positivist Debate, Edward S. Adams, Torben Spaak
Fuzzifying The Natural Law--Legal Positivist Debate, Edward S. Adams, Torben Spaak
Articles
Legal scholars have long debated various theories of law. The debate between natural lawyers and legal positivists is case in point. This debate centers, as is well known, on the claim that there is a conceptual connection between law and morality. Natural law theorists maintain that there is such a connection, whereas legal positivists maintain that there isn't. The dialogue in this article details the respective positions of a natural law theorist, Naturalis, a legal positivist, Positivus, and a fuzzy logician, Multivalus, with regard to a case that arose in post-war Germany. As the dialogue highlights, fuzzy logic is a …
Instability In Self-Pulsation In Laser Diodes And Its Effect On All-Optical Synchonization, Jonathan Hyland, Gerald Farrell
Instability In Self-Pulsation In Laser Diodes And Its Effect On All-Optical Synchonization, Jonathan Hyland, Gerald Farrell
Articles
The effect of short- and long-term frequency instability in self pulsation on all-optical synchronization using a twin-section laser diode is experimentally investigated. Short-term frequency instability broadens the unlocked full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the fundamental of the rf spectrum of the self-pulsating laser diode. We show experimentally that the value of the unlocked FWHM, and thus the level of short-term instability, has a direct effect on the optical power required to maintain synchronization. A novel means of reducing the FWHM is presented based on a reflective transmission line stub connected to the absorber of the twin-section self-pulsating laser …
Blur Identification Based On Higher Order Spectral Nulls, Andreas Savakis, Roger L. Easton
Blur Identification Based On Higher Order Spectral Nulls, Andreas Savakis, Roger L. Easton
Articles
The identification of the point spread function (PSF) from the degraded image data constitutes an important first step in image restoration that is known as blur identification. Though a number of blur identification algorithms have been developed in recent years, two of the earlier methods based on the power spectrum and power cepstrum remain popular, because they are easy to implement and have proved to be effective in practical situations. Both methods are limited to PSF's which exhibit spectral nulls, such as due to defocused lens and linear motion blur. Another limitation of these methods is the degradation of their …
Chaos, Period-Doubling And Reverse Bifurcations In An Optically Injected Semiconductor Laser, Vassilios Kovanis, Athanasios Gavrielides, Thomas Simpson
Chaos, Period-Doubling And Reverse Bifurcations In An Optically Injected Semiconductor Laser, Vassilios Kovanis, Athanasios Gavrielides, Thomas Simpson
Articles
In conclusion, we have observed a reverse bifurcation from chaotic to periodic dynamics in a semiconductor laser subject to strong optical injection at its free-running frequency. Spontaneous emission noise effects obscure specific spectral features in the reverse period-doubling region, but by measuring the dynamic parameters of the laser we have shown that the coupled complex-field and carrier density model accounts for the observed spectra.
Controlling Unstable Periodic Orbits In A Nonlinear Optical System: The Ikeda Map, Paul Alsing, Athanasios Gavrielides, Vassilios Kovanis
Controlling Unstable Periodic Orbits In A Nonlinear Optical System: The Ikeda Map, Paul Alsing, Athanasios Gavrielides, Vassilios Kovanis
Articles
With the publication of the seminal paper by Ott, Grebogi and Yorke (OGY) [l] the concept of controlling chaos has become part of the lexicon of physicists and engineers dealing with chaotic nonlinear dynamical systems. The authors showed that by using small, judiciously applied perturbations the unstable periodic orbits, which are dense in a chaotic attractor, could be stabilized. The strength of their approach lies in the absence of the necessity for any a priori analytical model of the chaotic system in order to affect the control. The information required to construct the controlling perturbations can be extracted from experimental …
The Partial Republican, John O. Mcginnis
Bioethics In The Language Of The Law, Carl E. Schneider
Bioethics In The Language Of The Law, Carl E. Schneider
Articles
What happens when the language of the law becomes a vulgar tongue? What happens, more particularly, when parties to bioethical discourse are obliged to borrow in their daily controversies the ideas, and even the language, peculiar to judicial proceedings? How suited are the habits, taste, and language of the judicial magistrate to the political, and more particularly, the bioethical, questions of our time? We ask these questions because, as the incomparable Tocqueville foresaw, Americans today truly do resolve political-and moral--questions into judicial questions. As Abraham Lincoln hoped, the Constitution "has become the political religion of the nation," and many Americans …
Nations Without States, Gidon A. G. Gottlieb
Ion Implantation Of Porous Silicon, C. Peng, Philippe M. Fauchet, J. M. Rehm, G. L. Mclendon, F. Seiferth, Santosh K. Kurinec
Ion Implantation Of Porous Silicon, C. Peng, Philippe M. Fauchet, J. M. Rehm, G. L. Mclendon, F. Seiferth, Santosh K. Kurinec
Articles
Investigates the ion implantation of porous silicon (Si). Properties of light-emitting Si; Application of continuous-wave and time dependent photoluminescence spectroscopies; Comparison of dopant implantation effect in varying doses.
A Cd-Rom Based Agricultural Information Retrieval System, H W. Beck, P H. Jones, Dennis G. Watson
A Cd-Rom Based Agricultural Information Retrieval System, H W. Beck, P H. Jones, Dennis G. Watson
Articles
An information retrieval system for agricultural extension was developed using CD-ROM technology as the primary medium for information delivery. Object-oriented database techniques were used to organize the information. Conventional retrieval techniques including hypertext, fulltext searching, and relational databases, and decision support programs such as expert systems were integrated into a complete package for accessing information stored on the CDROM. A multimedia user interface was developed to provide a variety of capabilities including computer graphics and high-resolution digitized images. Information for the disk was gathered and entered using extension publications which were tagged using an SGML-based document markup language. The fully …
Performance Study Of Maximum Likelihood Receivers And Transversal Filters For The Detection Of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signal In Narrowband Interference, Arif Ansari, R. Viswanathan
Performance Study Of Maximum Likelihood Receivers And Transversal Filters For The Detection Of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signal In Narrowband Interference, Arif Ansari, R. Viswanathan
Articles
Linear least squares estimation techniques can be used to enhance suppression of narrowband interference in direct sequence spread spectrum systems. Nonlinear techniques for this purpose have also been investigated recently. In this paper, we derive maximum likelihood receivers for direct sequence signal in Gaussian interference with known second order characteristics. It is shown that if the receiver uses samples from outside the bit interval, then the receiver structure is nonlinear. The bit error rate performances of these receivers are compared to those of linear receivers employing one-sided and two-sided least squares estimation filters, for the case of Gaussian autoregressive interference. …
Optimal Nonlinear Estimation Of Linear Stochastic Systems, Mark Hopkins, H.F. Vanlandingham
Optimal Nonlinear Estimation Of Linear Stochastic Systems, Mark Hopkins, H.F. Vanlandingham
Articles
No abstract provided.
Flexible, Dry-Released Process For Aluminum Electrostatic Actuators, Christopher Storment, David Borkholder, Victor Westerlind
Flexible, Dry-Released Process For Aluminum Electrostatic Actuators, Christopher Storment, David Borkholder, Victor Westerlind
Articles
We present an all-aluminum MEMS process (Al- MEMS) for the fabrication of large-gap electrostatic actuators with process steps that are compatible with the future use of underlying, pre-fabricated CMOS control circuitry. The process is purely additive above the substrate as opposed to processes that depend on etching pits into the silicon, and thereby permits a high degree of design freedom. Multilayer aluminum metalization is used with organic sacrificial layers to build up the actuator structures. Oxygen-based dry etching is used to remove the sacrificial layers. While this approach has been previously used by other investigators to fabricate optical modulators and …
The Paradoxical Success Of Fuzzy Logic, Charles Elkan
The Paradoxical Success Of Fuzzy Logic, Charles Elkan
Articles
1993 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. Applications of fuzzy logic in heuristic control have been highly successful, but which aspects of fuzzy logic are essential to its practical usefulness? This paper shows that an apparently reasonable version of fuzzy logic collapses mathematically to two-valued logic. Moreover, there are few if any published reports of …
Fuzzy Knowledge-Based Approach To Treating Uncertainty In Inventory Control, Dobrilla Petrovic, Edward Sweeney
Fuzzy Knowledge-Based Approach To Treating Uncertainty In Inventory Control, Dobrilla Petrovic, Edward Sweeney
Articles
Inventory control in complex manufacturing environments encounters various sources of uncertainity and imprecision. This paper presents one fuzzy knowledge-based approach to solving the problem of order quantity determination, in the presence of uncertain demand, lead time and actual inventory level. Uncertain data are represented by fuzzy numbers, and vaguely defined relations between them are modeled by fuzzy if-then rules. The proposed representation and inference mechanism are verified using a large numbers of examples. The results of three representative cases are summarized. Finally a comparison between the developed fuzzy knowledge-based and traditional, probabilistic approaches is discussed.
Standing Firm, On Forbidden Grounds, Richard A. Epstein
Standing Firm, On Forbidden Grounds, Richard A. Epstein
Articles
No abstract provided.