Digital Commons Network^™

Real Estate Tax Credits And Other Financial Incentives For Investing In Historic Property In The United States, Robert Pickard, Tracy Pickerill

Articles

This paper examines the legislative and administrative background for designating historic property for protection in the United States (US) and their rehabilitation against a whole series of financial inducements and mechanisms. The preservation of heritage buildings in the US forms an integral part of the property market. Market forces and government regulations in the form of preservation law, standards for rehabilitation and the revenue code dictate the success or failure of renovating historic buildings. At all levels of governments (federal, state and local) there has been a growing reluctance in recent years to increase regulatory burdens and fiscal constraints on …

Use Of Physics Based Models In Hyperspectral Image Exploitation, John Schott, Kyungsuk Lee, Rolando Raqueno

Articles

This paper describes a concept for using physics based models to support exploitation of remotely sensed image spectrometer data. It then reviews several methods from the literature illustrating more specifically how physics based models have been used as part of atmospheric correction, water quality assessment and temperature measurement algorithms. Finally a new approach for using model based techniques for subpixel target detection is presented This technique builds on a previously introduced invariant method that uses physics based models to support target detection of fully resolved targets without requiring in scene training or atmospheric correction. An example using the new subpixel …

Miniature Microstrip Antenna With A Partially Filled High-Permittivity Substrate, Byungje Lee, Frances J. Harackiewicz

Articles

A new technique to reduce the overall dimension of a microstrip antenna using a partially filled high-permittivity substrate is proposed. The miniaturized microstrip antenna for a repeater system in a mobile communication cellular band (824–894 MHz) is designed with the proposed technique and manufactured with light weight and small size. Comparison between simulations, based on HP HFSS software and measurements are provided.

Geospatial Data Handling For Web-Based And Mobile Applications, James Carswell

Articles

One of the main bottlenecks for web-based GIS usability is in the transmission and handling of the vast amounts of geospatial data involved. The shear volume of raster, vector, attribute, and other data to be analysed, queried, transmitted and displayed over the WWW in real-time is prohibited by connection speeds. In this paper we introduce e-Spatial technology, a fully integrated open standard web-based solution to manage multiple spatial relationships directly in an Oracle Spatial database and to deploy in real-time spatially enabled (or standard) applications completely independent of data volume. Indeed, no application code is ever installed on the client …

Corporate Governance And Executive Remuneration: Rediscovering Managerial Positional Conflict, Jennifer Hill, Charles M. Yablon

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The article critiques the assumption that performance-based executive remuneration aligns managerial and shareholder interests, arguing that executives' positional power allows them to exploit such systems, leading to excessive pay and corporate malfeasance. It highlights how this conflict of interest contributed to major corporate collapses like Enron and One.Tel, emphasizing the need for reforms beyond current governance mechanisms.

Conversion Of Aniline To Azobenzene At Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: A Possible Case Of A Nanodimensional Reaction, M. Croston, J. Langston, Gerald A. Takacs, Terence C. Morrill, Massoud Miri, K.S.V. Santhanam, Pulickel Ajayan

Articles

Aniline is oxidized to nitrosobenzene as the initial product, which undergoes further oxidation to nitrobenzene. The nitrosobenzene formation is catalyzed by functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) followed by a coupling reaction between nitrosobenzene and aniline to produce azobenzene. This coupling requires close proximity of the reactants. It proceeds rapidly resulting in the UV-VIS absorption spectrum showing maxima at 327 nm and 425 nm. The nitrosobenzene yield in the presence of CNTs is controlled by the amount present in the medium. As the reaction is not catalyzed by unfunctionalized CNTs or graphitic particles, the uniqueness of the functionalized multiwalled CNTs in …

A Survey Of Four Contemporary Sound Artists, Mark Garry

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No abstract provided.

Reviving Tocqueville's America: The Rehnquist Court's Jurisprudence Of Social Discovery, John O. Mcginnis

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This Article offers a retrospective on the Rehnquist Court. It argues that the Rehnquist Court has been pursuing a coherent jurisprudence that invigorates decentralization and the private ordering of social norms that Alexis De Tocqueville celebrated in Democracy in America as being the essence of the social order generated by our original Constitution. In four disparate areas-federalism, freedom of association, the religion clauses, and the balance of power between juries and judges-the Court is helping sustain a civil order that bubbles up from state governments or from citizens voluntarily gathered together or randomly selected. The Article is the first to …

Modeling Survival For Unthinned Slash Pine Plantations In East Texas Under The Influence Of Non-Planted Tree Basal Area And Incidence Of Fusiform Rust, Young-Jin Lee, Dean W. Coble

Articles

A stand level survival model for unthinned slash pine (Pinus elliotti!) plantations in east Texas was developed that incorporates density of non-planted tree basal area per hectare competition and the incidence of fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum). Survival data on planted slash pine trees were collected on 197 permanent research plots that represent a broad range of site, age, and competitive status combinations. A system of two equations was fit to the survival data using simultaneous nonlinear regression. All model parameters were significant at the 0.05 probability level. The model showed that the number of surviving planted slash pine trees decreased …

Calibration History Of Landsat Thermal Data, Erin O'Donnell, John Schott, Nina Raqueno

Articles

This research studied the calibration of the thermal band (band 6) of the Landsat 5 satellite. The Landsat system of instruments are land observing satellites intended for long-term studies of the earth. Landsat 5 has been in use since 1984 and is still active. Until recently there has not been a rigorous study of the performance of its thermal band. The users of this thermal data had been using the data without knowing the status of the instrument. Over the years the instrument has had the potential to drift in calibration, especially since the instrument has surpassed its expected lifetime. …

Nonlinear Dynamics Of Modulation Formats For 40 Gb/S Transmission On Standard Single-Mode Fiber And Dispersion-Managed Fiber, Andrey Kanaev, Gregory Luther, Vassilios Kovanis

Articles

The nonlinear properties of NRZ, RZ50, RZ33, CSRZ, and DPSK in 40 Gbit/s 1000 km single fiber and DMF systems are analysed. We find that DPSK provides 1.3 dBQ nonlinear tolerance advantage over RZ in both optical links. We show that RZ formats tolerate 2 dBm higher power per channel than NRZ, further increasing their advantage in linear receiver sensitivity. We find that smaller duty cycle formats exhibit better performance due to suppression of sXPM and sFWM and CSRZ nonlinear tolerance to sFWM is enhanced due to the intermittent phase of the signal. In addition, we determine linear cross-talk penalties …

Controlling Air Pollution From Passenger Ferries: Cost-Effectiveness Of Seven Technological Options, Alexander Farrell, James Corbett, James Winebrake

Articles

Continued interest in improving air quality in the United States along with renewed interest in the expansion of urban passenger ferry service has created concern about air pollution from ferry vessels. This paper presents a methodology for estimating the air pollution emissions from passenger ferries and the costs of emissions control strategies. The methodology is used to estimate the emissions and costs of retrofitting or re-powering ferries with seven technological options (combinations of propulsion and emission control systems) onto three vessels currently in service in San Francisco Bay. The technologies include improved engine design, cleaner fuels (including natural gas), and …

A Computationally Efficient Approach To Indoor/Outdoor Scene Classification, Navid Serrano, Andreas Savakis, Jiebo Luo

Articles

Prior research in scene classification has shown that high-level information can be inferred from low-level image features. Classification rates of roughly 90% have been reported using low-level features to predict indoor scenes vs. outdoor scenes. However, the high classification rates are often achieved by using computationally expensive, high-dimensional feature sets, thus limiting the practical implementation of such systems. We show that a more computationally efficient approach to indoor/outdoor classification can yield classification rates comparable to the best methods reported in the literature. A low complexity, low-dimensional feature set is used in conjunction with a two-stage support vector machine classification scheme …

Variation Charts For Multivariate Processes, William Levinson, Donald Holmes, A. Erhan Mergen

Articles

Hotelling's T2 is customarily used as the control chart for multivariate SPC analysis. This chart responds to changes in both the mean values and the covariance matrix of the responses. In this article, we propose the use of a chart that concentrates on changes in the covariance matrix. The use of this covariance chart in concert with the T2 chart enables the user to better determine whether T2 points out of control are due to changes in mean values or due to changes in the covariance matrix. Using this chart in conjunction with T2 thus furnishes a suite of tools …

80:80 Office Furniture System Designed By John Walsh For Tangent Furniture, 2002, John Walsh

Articles

80:80 was developed against the background of a changing work environment. Advances in technology meant that work became mobile, the breaking down of walls and cubicles created large open spaces allowing for a movement towards collaborative work and “New Ways of Working”.

80:80 is an office furniture system designed in this context, to provide a foundation for new, flexible ways of working. In particular, the delineators that define territory, such as legs, vertical supports, fixed side screens, were removed or minimised to create an uninterrupted worksurface span, allowing for a flexible space where users can annex as much space as …

Becoming America's Best Small State Law School: A Vision For The University Of Idaho College Of Law, Donald L. Burnett Jr.

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No abstract provided.

The Measure Of Indian Water Rights: The Arizona Homeland Standard, Gila River Adjudication, Barbara Cosens

Articles

On November 26, 2001, the Arizona Supreme Court concluded that Indian reservations were established as homelands. By articulating a homeland standard for the measure of reserved water rights based on tribal economic development plans, cultural needs, and historic water uses, the Arizona Supreme Court has eliminated many of the blatant inequities plaguing the current approach to Indian water rights quantification. Nevertheless, there are concerns with wholesale adoption of the Arizona standard, including the effect on those who have devoted resources in reliance on the previous standard, the introduction of uncertainty in the method of quantification, and the impact on federal …

Aim High And A Vision Broad: The Public Responsibilities Of A Public Profession, Donald L. Burnett Jr.

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No abstract provided.

Why They Hate Us: The Role Of Social Dynamics Law And The War On Terrorism, Cass R. Sunstein

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No abstract provided.

The Jurisprudence Of Greed, Eric A. Posner

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No abstract provided.

The End Of Bankruptcy, Douglas G. Baird, Robert K. Rasmussen

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No abstract provided.

Derivative Securities And Corporate Governance, Frank H. Easterbrook

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No abstract provided.

Do Liberals And Conservatives Differ In Judicial Activism?, Frank H. Easterbrook

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No abstract provided.

Interring The Nondelegation Doctrine, Eric A. Posner, Adrian Vermeule

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A large academic literature discusses the nondelegation doctrin4 which is said to bar Congress from enacting excessively broad or excessively discretionary grants of statutory authority to the executive branch or other agents. The bulk of this literature accepts the existence of the doctrine and argues only about the terms of its application or the competence of the courts to enforce it. In this essay, we argue that there is no such nondelegation doctrine: A statutory grant of authority to the executive branch or other agents never effects a delegation of legislative power. Agents acting within the terms of such a …

Pragmatism Versus Purposivism In First Amendment Analysis, Richard A. Posner

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No abstract provided.

An Attempt To Intervene In The Confusion: Standing Requirements For Rule 24 Intervenors, Amy M. Gardner

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No abstract provided.

The Sustainability Of Sustainable Consumption, Paddy Dolan

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This article examines the limitations of the concept of sustainable consumption in terms of the inadequate attention given to the social, cultural and historical contextualization of consumption. I argue that Macromarketing should adopt modes of inquiry that more fully engage with this contextualization. The implicit assumptions of ‘sustainable consumption’ center on the rational individual and his or her needs and wants, and neglect the significance of consumption practices as embodying the relations between individuals. Acts of consumption are not in opposition to, and prior to, macro structures and processes, they are macro processes at work. Consumer practices are cultural and …

Legal Protection For Software: Still A Work In Progress, Robert W. Gomulkiewicz

Articles

Software began as geekware-something written by programmers for programmers. Now, software is a business and consumer staple. Cryptic character-based user interfaces have given way to friendly graphical ones; multi-media is everywhere; people own multiple computers of varying sizes; computers are connected to one another across the globe; email and instant electronic messages have replaced letters and telephone calls for many people.

The issue of whether the law should protect software seems quaint to us now. Over the past twenty-five years, legislatures and courts have concluded that copyright, patent, trade secret, trademark, and contract law all can be used to protect …

Probability And Statistics In The Legal Curriculum: A Case Study In Disciplinary Aspects Of Interdisciplinarity, Michael Townsend

Articles

This Article considers interdisciplinarity and the legal curriculum in the context of probability and statistics. Section D of Part II begins the discussion by sketching some multidisciplinary, pluridisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary approaches. Part III is the workhorse of this Article. The particular example used here is the well-known jury discrimination case of Castaneda v. Partida as described in Section A. This "case study" provides the basis for a crossdisciplinary experience that offers students an opportunity to think about law as a discipline. It is difficult for students to step back and look at law as a discipline when there is …

Cyberproperty And Judicial Dissonance: The Trouble With Domain Name Classification, Xuan-Thao Nguyen

Articles

The nature of cyberspace continues to be woven into the fabric of our daily existence. Not surprisingly, cyberspace and the expansion of e-commerce pose challenges to existing law, particularly the legal definition of cyberproperty domain names. The nature of cyberspace allows many e-companies to possess no traditional assets such as buildings and inventories. Some e-companies own few computers, often using service providers to maintain their web sites. In the virtual space that e-companies inhabit, the primary assets that e-companies own are intangibles such as domain names, customer information, and intellectual property that includes business method patents, copyrights, and trademarks.

Domain …