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Articles 2551 - 2580 of 3103
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Regulatable Gene Expression Systems For Gene Therapy Applications: Progress And Future Challenges, Shyam Goverdhana, Mariana Puntel, Weidong Xiong, Jeffrey Zirger, Carlos Barcia, James Curtin, Eric Soffer, Sonali Mondkar, Gwendalyn King, Jinwei Hu, Marianela Candolfi, Diane Greengold, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Regulatable Gene Expression Systems For Gene Therapy Applications: Progress And Future Challenges, Shyam Goverdhana, Mariana Puntel, Weidong Xiong, Jeffrey Zirger, Carlos Barcia, James Curtin, Eric Soffer, Sonali Mondkar, Gwendalyn King, Jinwei Hu, Marianela Candolfi, Diane Greengold, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Articles
Gene therapy aims to revert diseased phenotypes by the use of both viral and nonviral gene delivery systems. Substantial progress has been made in making gene transfer vehicles more efficient, less toxic, and nonimmunogenic and in allowing long-term transgene expression. One of the key issues in successfully implementing gene therapies in the clinical setting is to be able to regulate gene expression very tightly and consistently as and when it is needed. The regulation ought to be achievable using a compound that should be nontoxic, be able to penetrate into the desired target tissue or organ, and have a half-life …
A Revised Nomenclature For Mammalian Acyl-Coa Thioesterases/Hydrolases, Mary Hunt, Junji Yamada, Lois Maltais, Mathew Wright, Ernesto Podesta, Stefan Alexson
A Revised Nomenclature For Mammalian Acyl-Coa Thioesterases/Hydrolases, Mary Hunt, Junji Yamada, Lois Maltais, Mathew Wright, Ernesto Podesta, Stefan Alexson
Articles
Acyl-CoA thioesterases, also known as acyl-CoA hydrolases, are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze CoA esters such as acyl-CoAs (saturated, unsaturated, branched chain), bile acid-CoAs, CoA esters of prostaglandins etc, to the corresponding free acid and coenzyme A. There is however significant confusion regarding the nomenclature of these genes. In agreement with the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) and the Mouse Genomic Nomenclature Committee (MGNC), a revised nomenclature for mammalian acyl-CoA thioesterases/hydrolases has been suggested for the 12 member family. The family root symbol is ACOT, with human genes named ACOT1-12, and rat and mouse named Acot1-12. Several of the …
Deformable Model For 3d Intramodal Nonrigid Breast Image Registration With Fiducial Skin Markers, Mehmet Unlu, Andrzej Krol, Ioana Coman, James A. Mandel, Karl G. Baum, Wei Lee, Edward D. Lipson, David H. Feiglin
Deformable Model For 3d Intramodal Nonrigid Breast Image Registration With Fiducial Skin Markers, Mehmet Unlu, Andrzej Krol, Ioana Coman, James A. Mandel, Karl G. Baum, Wei Lee, Edward D. Lipson, David H. Feiglin
Articles
We implemented a new approach to intramodal non-rigid 3D breast image registration. Our method uses fiducial skin markers (FSM) placed on the breast surface. After determining the displacements of FSM, finite element method (FEM) is used to distribute the markers’ displacements linearly over the entire breast volume using the analogy between the orthogonal components of the displacement field and a steady state heat transfer (SSHT). It is valid because the displacement field in x, y and z direction and a SSHT problem can both be modeled using LaPlace’s equation and the displacements are analogous to temperature differences in SSHT. It …
Molecular And Clinical Analyses Of Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly And Pallister-Hall Syndromes: Robust Phenotype Prediction From The Type And Position Of Gli3 Mutations, Jennifer J. Johnston, Isabelle Olivos-Glander, Christina Killoran, David Tilstra Md
Molecular And Clinical Analyses Of Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly And Pallister-Hall Syndromes: Robust Phenotype Prediction From The Type And Position Of Gli3 Mutations, Jennifer J. Johnston, Isabelle Olivos-Glander, Christina Killoran, David Tilstra Md
Articles
Mutations in the GLI3 zinc-finger transcription factor gene cause Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) and Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS), which are variable but distinct clinical entities. We hypothesized that GLI3 mutations that predict a truncated functional repressor protein cause PHS and that functional haploinsufficiency of GLI3 causes GCPS. To test these hypotheses, we screened patients with PHS and GCPS for GLI3 mutations. The patient group consisted of 135 individuals: 89 patients with GCPS and 46 patients with PHS. We detected 47 pathological mutations (among 60 probands); when these were combined with previously published mutations, two genotype-phenotype correlations were evident. First, GCPS was …
Do Tax Expenditures Create Framing Effects? Volunteer Firefighters, Property Tax Exemptions, And The Paradox Of Tax Expenditure Analysis, Edward A. Zelinsky
Do Tax Expenditures Create Framing Effects? Volunteer Firefighters, Property Tax Exemptions, And The Paradox Of Tax Expenditure Analysis, Edward A. Zelinsky
Articles
No abstract provided.
Development And Validation Of A Food-Frequency Questionnaire For The Determination Of Detailed Fatty Acid Intakes, Maria Cantwell, Michael Gibney, Denis Cronin, Katherine Younger, John O'Neill, Linda Hogan, Mary Flynn
Development And Validation Of A Food-Frequency Questionnaire For The Determination Of Detailed Fatty Acid Intakes, Maria Cantwell, Michael Gibney, Denis Cronin, Katherine Younger, John O'Neill, Linda Hogan, Mary Flynn
Articles
Objective: To validate a fat intake questionnaire (FIQ) developed to assess habitual dietary intake while focusing on the assessment of detailed fatty acid intake including total trans unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA). Design: An 88 food item/food group FIQ was developed using a meal pattern technique. Validation was achieved by comparison with dietary intake assessed by a modified diet history (DH) in a cross-over design. Eighty-four individuals supplied adipose tissue biopsies for linoleic acid and total TUFA analysis as an independent validation of the FIQ and DH. Setting: Medical Centre, Dublin Airport, Republic of Ireland. Subjects: One hundred and five healthy …
Metabolite Fingerprinting In Transgenic Nicotiana Tabacum Altered By The Escherichia Coli Glutamate Dehydrogenase Gene, R. Mungur, A. D. M. Glass, D. B. Goodenow, David A. Lightfoot
Metabolite Fingerprinting In Transgenic Nicotiana Tabacum Altered By The Escherichia Coli Glutamate Dehydrogenase Gene, R. Mungur, A. D. M. Glass, D. B. Goodenow, David A. Lightfoot
Articles
With about 200 000 phytochemicals in existence, identifying those of biomedical significance is a mammoth task. In the postgenomic era, relating metabolite fingerprints, abundances, and profiles to genotype is also a large task. Ion analysis using Fourier transformed ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) may provide a high-throughput approach to measure genotype dependency of the inferred metabolome if reproducible techniques can be established. Ion profile inferred metabolite fingerprints are coproducts. We used FT-ICR-MS-derived ion analysis to examine gdhA (glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; EC 1.4.1.1)) transgenic Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) carrying out altered glutamate, amino acid, and carbon metabolisms, that fundamentally alter plant …
Recovery Of Imperiled Species Under The Endangered Species Act: The Need For A New Approach, Dale Goble
Recovery Of Imperiled Species Under The Endangered Species Act: The Need For A New Approach, Dale Goble
Articles
The recovery (delisting) of a threatened or endangered species is often accompanied by the expectation that conservation management of the species will no longer be necessary. However, the magnitude and pace of human impacts on the environment make it unlikely that substantial progress will be made in delisting many species unless the definition of “recovery” includes some form of active management. Preventing delisted species from again being at risk of extinction may require continuing, species-specific management actions. We characterize such species as “conservation-reliant”, and suggest that viewing “recovery” as a continuum of states rather than as a simple “recovered/not recovered” …
Disparities And Discrimination In Health Care Coverage: A Critique Of The Institute Of Medicine Study, Richard A. Epstein
Disparities And Discrimination In Health Care Coverage: A Critique Of The Institute Of Medicine Study, Richard A. Epstein
Articles
No abstract provided.
What (Not) To Do About Obesity: A Moderate Aristotelian Answer, Richard A. Epstein
What (Not) To Do About Obesity: A Moderate Aristotelian Answer, Richard A. Epstein
Articles
No abstract provided.
Roundtable Discussion: Must We Choose Between Rationality And Irrationality?, Richard H. Mcadams
Roundtable Discussion: Must We Choose Between Rationality And Irrationality?, Richard H. Mcadams
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Right To Destroy, Lior Strahilevitz
Empirical Economics And The Study Of Punishment And Crime, Thomas J. Miles
Empirical Economics And The Study Of Punishment And Crime, Thomas J. Miles
Articles
No abstract provided.
Hayek, Law, And Cognition, Richard A. Posner
Cautionary Tales Of Adoption: Addressing The Litigation Crisis At The Moment Of Adoption, Elizabeth Brandt
Cautionary Tales Of Adoption: Addressing The Litigation Crisis At The Moment Of Adoption, Elizabeth Brandt
Articles
No abstract provided.
Effect Of Calcium Lactate On Quality, Safety And Nutritional Senescence Parameters Of Minimally Processed Vegetables, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Jesus Maria Frias, Jemina Mulcahy, Gary Henehan, Catherine Barry-Ryan
Effect Of Calcium Lactate On Quality, Safety And Nutritional Senescence Parameters Of Minimally Processed Vegetables, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Jesus Maria Frias, Jemina Mulcahy, Gary Henehan, Catherine Barry-Ryan
Articles
Calcium lactate maintained quality senescence indicators, as well as chlorine in Iceberg lettuce, and enhanced nutritional values during storage in sliced carrots better than chlorine. Colour and texture objective measurements did not show differences between treatments for Iceberg lettuce; however there were differences in colour in sliced carrots, showing greater change in colour values in samples treated with chlorine. Calcium lactate washing treatments prevented the bleaching effect on saladcut lettuce and sliced carrots and also diminished the appearance of white surfaces over storage. The ascorbic acid decreased during storage independently of the type of treatment used for both vegetables, however …
Precautions Against What - The Availability Heuristic And Cross-Cultural Risk Perception Meador Lecture Series 2004-2005: Risk And The Law, Cass R. Sunstein
Precautions Against What - The Availability Heuristic And Cross-Cultural Risk Perception Meador Lecture Series 2004-2005: Risk And The Law, Cass R. Sunstein
Articles
Because risks are on all sides of social situations, it is not possible to be globally "precautionary." Hence, the Precautionary Principle runs into serious conceptual difficulties; any precautions will themselves create hazards of one kind or another. When the principle gives guidance, it is often because of the availability heuristic, which can make some risks stand out as particularly salient, regardless of their actual magnitude. The same heuristic helps to explain differences across groups, cultures, and even nations in the perception of risks, especially when linked with such social processes as cascades and group polarization. One difficulty is that what …
Endorsement Retires: From Religious Symbols To Anti-Sorting Principles, Adam M. Samaha
Endorsement Retires: From Religious Symbols To Anti-Sorting Principles, Adam M. Samaha
Articles
No abstract provided.
Bad Arguments Against Gay Marriage, Dale Carpenter
Bad Arguments Against Gay Marriage, Dale Carpenter
Articles
This article claims that three common arguments against gay marriage - the definitional, procreation, and slippery-slope arguments - are quite bad, the worst of the lot. The definitional argument asserts that marriage just is the union of one man and one woman, and that the definition alone is a sufficient defense against claims for gay marriage. The procreation argument claims that marriage's central public purpose is to encourage procreation, and so the exclusion of same-sex couples is justified. The slippery-slope argument claims that the acceptance of same-sex marriage logically entails the acceptance of other public policy changes - notably the …
State Interests In Marriage, Interstate Recognition, And Choice Of Law, Brian H. Bix
State Interests In Marriage, Interstate Recognition, And Choice Of Law, Brian H. Bix
Articles
One of the great complications of the current marriage debates is the way that federalism and conflict of law issues interact - both at the level of principle and constitutional doctrine - in the area of marriage and divorce. This article begins by looking at federalism in the context of domestic relations at a general level. It then considers how current family law rules and constitutional constraints complicate the analysis. Finally, it considers the way in which recognizing party choice of law might respond to some, but by no means all, of the problems in the area.
Medium From Irradiated Cells Induces A Dose Dependent Expression Of Mitochondrial Changes And Bcl2 Responses In Unirradiated Human Keratinocytes, Paula Maguire, Carmel Mothersill, C. Seymour, Fiona Lyng
Medium From Irradiated Cells Induces A Dose Dependent Expression Of Mitochondrial Changes And Bcl2 Responses In Unirradiated Human Keratinocytes, Paula Maguire, Carmel Mothersill, C. Seymour, Fiona Lyng
Articles
Exposure of unirradiated human keratinocytes to irradiated cell conditioned medium (ICCM) is known to cause a cascade of events that leads to reproductive death and apoptosis. This study investigates the effect of ICCM on clonogenic survival, mitochondrial mass and BCL2 expression in unirradiated keratinocytes. Exposure to 5 mGy, 0.5 Gy and 5 Gy ICCM resulted in a significant decrease in clonogenic survival. Human keratinocytes incubated with ICCM containing an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, showed no significant decrease in clonogenic survival. HPV-G cells incubated with ICCM containing a caspase 9 inhibitor showed no significant decrease in clonogenic survival when the ICCM dose was …
Future Reasoning Machines: Mind And Body, Brian Duffy, Gregory O'Hare, John Bradley, Bianca Schoen-Phelan
Future Reasoning Machines: Mind And Body, Brian Duffy, Gregory O'Hare, John Bradley, Bianca Schoen-Phelan
Articles
In investing energy in developing reasoning machines of the future, one must abstract away from the specific solutions to specific problems and ask what are the fundamental research questions that should be addressed. This paper aims to revisit some fundamental perspectives and promote new approaches to reasoning machines and their associated form and function. Core aspects are discussed, namely the one-mind-many-bodies metaphor as introduced in the Agent Chameleon work. Within this metaphor the agent’s embodiment form may take many guises with the artificial mind or agent potentially exhibiting a nomadic existence opportunistically migrating between a myriad of instantiated embodiments. We …
The Proliferation Security Initiative: Nonproliferation, Counterproliferation, And International Law, Daniel H. Joyner
The Proliferation Security Initiative: Nonproliferation, Counterproliferation, And International Law, Daniel H. Joyner
Articles
No abstract provided.
Gene Therapy And Targeted Toxins For Glioma, James Curtin, Gwendalyn King, Marianela Candolfi, Kurt Kroeger, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Gene Therapy And Targeted Toxins For Glioma, James Curtin, Gwendalyn King, Marianela Candolfi, Kurt Kroeger, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Articles
The most common primary brain tumor in adults is glioblastoma. These tumors are highly invasive and aggressive with a mean survival time of nine to twelve months from diagnosis to death. Current treatment modalities are unable to significantly prolong survival in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. As such, glioma is an attractive target for developing novel therapeutic approaches utilizing gene therapy. This review will examine the available preclinical models for glioma including xenographs, syngeneic and genetic models. Several promising therapeutic targets are currently being pursued in pre-clinical investigations. These targets will be reviewed by mechanism of action, i.e., conditional cytotoxic, targeted …
New Insights Into Bile Acid Amidation, Mary Hunt, Eithne O'Shea, Karianne Solaas, Bengt Kase, Stefan Alexson
New Insights Into Bile Acid Amidation, Mary Hunt, Eithne O'Shea, Karianne Solaas, Bengt Kase, Stefan Alexson
Articles
No abstract provided.
Real-Time Reverse Transcription Pcr For Detection And Quantitative Analysis Of Equine Influenza Virus, Michelle Quinlivan, Eugene Dempsey, Fergus Ryan, Sean Atkins, Ann Cullinane
Real-Time Reverse Transcription Pcr For Detection And Quantitative Analysis Of Equine Influenza Virus, Michelle Quinlivan, Eugene Dempsey, Fergus Ryan, Sean Atkins, Ann Cullinane
Articles
Equine influenza is a cause of epizootic respiratory disease of the equine. The detection of equine influenza virus using real-time Light Cycler reverse transcription (RT)-PCR technology was evaluated over two influenza seasons with the analysis of 171 samples submitted for viral respiratory disease. Increased sensitivity was found in overall viral detection with this system compared to Directigen Flu A and virus isolation, which were 40% and 23%, respectively, that of the RT-PCR. The assay was also evaluated as a viable replacement for the more traditional methods of quantifying equine influenza virus, 50% egg infectious dose and 50% tissue culture infectious …
Comparison Of Dna Extraction From Cervical Cells Collected In Preservcyt Solution For The Amplification Of Chlamydia Trachomatis, Helen Keegan, Clara Boland, Alison Malkin, Mairead Griffin, Fergus Ryan, Helen Lambkin
Comparison Of Dna Extraction From Cervical Cells Collected In Preservcyt Solution For The Amplification Of Chlamydia Trachomatis, Helen Keegan, Clara Boland, Alison Malkin, Mairead Griffin, Fergus Ryan, Helen Lambkin
Articles
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate three methods of DNA extraction for the amplification of Chlamydia trachomatis in uterine cervical samples collected in PreservCyt solution. ThinPrep is the trade name for the slide preparation. Methods: Thirty-eight samples collected in LCx buffer medium, which were identified as C. trachomatis infected by ligase chain reaction (LCR), were selected for this study. DNA from the PreservCyt samples was extracted by three methods: (i) QIAamp kit, (ii) boiling in Tris-EDTA buffer with Chelex purification, and (iii) Proteinase K digestion with Chelex purification. Sample DNA was tested for the presence …
Real-Time Reverse Transcription Pcr For Detection And Quantitative Analysis Of Equine Influenza Virus., Michelle Quinlivan, Eugene Dempsey, Fergus Ryan, Sean Arkins, Ann Cullinnane
Real-Time Reverse Transcription Pcr For Detection And Quantitative Analysis Of Equine Influenza Virus., Michelle Quinlivan, Eugene Dempsey, Fergus Ryan, Sean Arkins, Ann Cullinnane
Articles
Equine influenza is a cause of epizootic respiratory disease of the equine. The detection of equine influenza virus using real-time Light Cycler reverse transcription (RT)-PCR technology was evaluated over two influenza seasons with the analysis of 171 samples submitted for viral respiratory disease. Increased sensitivity was found in overall viral detection with this system compared to Directigen Flu A and virus isolation, which were 40% and 23%, respectively, that of the RT-PCR. The assay was also evaluated as a viable replacement for the more traditional methods of quantifying equine influenza virus, 50% egg infectious dose and 50% tissue culture infectious …
The Emergence Of Exacted Conservation Easements, Jessica Owley Lippmann
The Emergence Of Exacted Conservation Easements, Jessica Owley Lippmann
Articles
No abstract provided.
A Study Examining The Effects Of Tissue Processing On Human Tissue Sections Using Vibrational Spectroscopy, Eoghan O'Faolain, Mary Hunter, Joe Byrne, Peter Kellehan, Mary Mcnamara, Hugh Byrne, Fiona Lyng
A Study Examining The Effects Of Tissue Processing On Human Tissue Sections Using Vibrational Spectroscopy, Eoghan O'Faolain, Mary Hunter, Joe Byrne, Peter Kellehan, Mary Mcnamara, Hugh Byrne, Fiona Lyng
Articles
The use of vibrational spectroscopy in the detection of cancer is a newly emerging diagnostic field, which has shown great potential to date. Many investigations have been carried out on frozen tissue samples, which by their very nature are hard to obtain. However, histology departments have archives of thousands of tissue samples, preserved and mounted in wax blocks. If this archival material can be shown to yield good Raman and IR spectra capable of differentiating between normal and cancerous tissue, it would improve the diagnostic capabilities of spectroscopy even further. Results from these formalin-fixed paraffin processed (FFPP) tissue sections, will …