Digital Commons Network^™

The Type Ia Aupernova 1997br In Eso 576-G40, Weidong Li, Yulei Qiu, Q. Y. Qiao, Xiao-Hong Zhu, Michael W. Richmond, A. V. Filippenko, R. R. Treffers, C. Y. Peng, D. C. Leonard

Articles

The peculiar type Ia supernova SN 1997br in ESO576-G40 was extensively observed at Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO) and Lick Observatory. In this paper, we present and discuss the BV RI photometry and the spectra collected over three months, starting from 9 days before maximum brightness. The light curves of SN 1997br are similar to those of SN 1991T, with slow decline rates after the B maximum. Well sampled data before the B maximum show unambiguously that SN 1997br rises more slowly and has a wider peak than normal type Ia supernovae. The optical color evolution of SN 1997br is also …

In-Camera Masking With 35mm Cameras, Andrew Davidhazy

Articles

Also published in ABC of Photography online magazine. (March 1999) A variation of the process used by advertising and commercial photographers whereby a desired background scene is combined with a foreground subject using in-camera masking devices but in this article it is explained how this may also be accomplished with 35mm cameras.

The New Wild West: Measuring And Proving Fame And Dilution Under The Federal Trademark Dilution Act, Xuan-Thao Nguyen

Articles

The passage of the Federal Trademark Dilution Act of 1995 (the Dilution Act or Act) has been widely celebrated, as evidenced by the number of related articles, speeches and symposia. Commentators who applauded the adoption of the Dilution Act believed that a dilution claim would now be easier to prove by trademark owners against diluters because trademark owners would not have to establish the troublesome factual issue of consumer confusion. The courts have embraced the Act, and it has already proven to be an effective weapon for trademark owners. One court has even suggested trademark owners asserting claims of dilution …

The Use Of Preclusion Doctrine, Antisuit Injunctions, And Forum Non Conveniens Dismissals In Transnational Intellectual Property Litigation, Peter Nicolas

Articles

Conflicting standards among the federal circuits over the applicability of inherent powers in the transnational intellectual property context and the divided authority regarding the jurisdiction of U.S. federal courts over foreign intellectual property claims severely hamper the ability of federal district courts to use these tools in such a manner so as to prevent parties in transnational intellectual property suits from engaging in strategic behavior. This Comment seeks to reconcile these conflicts where possible and, where irreconcilable, to demonstrate that the text and history of federal statutes conferring subject matter jurisdiction on federal courts and placing limits on their issuance …

West Virginia's Adoption Statute: A History Of A Work In Progress, Lisa Kelly

Articles

More than two years have passed since the Legislature reformed West Virginia's adoption statute. The goal of this article is to provide a kind of legislative history to deepen the reader's understanding of the current statute. This history will include an explanation of the West Virginia Law Institute's Proposal, as well as the Legislature's reaction to it. In Part II, I will detail this history. In Part III, I will explain the operation of the current statute, with mention of the few recent adoption decisions that have construed various provisions. In Part IV, I will look at some of the …

Telemedicine And Integrated Health Care Delivery: Compounding Malpractice Liability, Patricia C. Kuszler

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This Article considers how theories of medical negligence might be applied in the context of telemedicine and integrated delivery health plans. Part Two summarizes the history of telemedicine, its increasing breadth of application and opportunity and promise for the future. Part Three reviews traditional negligence principles and precedents and demonstrates how they might be applied when a telemedicine interaction results in negligence and harm to the patient. Part Four discusses evolving theories of shared liability applicable to health plans and managed care entities. Finally, Part Five demonstrates how shared liability theories will be applied to situations involving telemedicine technologies.

How Copyleft Uses License Rights To Succeed In The Open Source Software Revolution And The Implications For Article 2b, Robert W. Gomulkiewicz

Articles

The computer industry moves from one “next great thing” to the next “next great thing” with amazing speed. Graphical user interface, object-oriented programming, client-server computing, multimedia software, Java applets, the network computer, and the Internet have all been hailed as technological breakthroughs at one time or another. Some of these promising developments fizzle, some evolve and succeed slowly, and some revolutionize the industry overnight.

Led by a group of software developers known as “hackers,” the latest “next great thing” is “open source” software. The word “source” refers to software in source code form. Source code is the collection of instructions …

Despatches From The Front: Recent Skirmishes Along The Frontiers Of Electronic Contracting Law, Jane Kaufman Winn, Michael Rhoades Pullen

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This Article will provide a short overview of the current efforts in the United States and the European Union to reform contract law to accommodate recent innovations in electronic contracting. Whether changes are needed to current contract law doctrines governing contract formation, effectiveness of contract terms, choice of law and forum provisions, special protections for consumers, and signature and writing requirements, revisions in these areas have all proved controversial. Even in those areas where a consensus may be emerging on whether law reform may be appropriate in some form, consensus is often still lacking with regard to the specific legislation …

What Law Librarians Collect, Frank Houdek, Penny A. Hazelton

Articles

Law librarians describe their personal collections—what they collect for fun, not for their libraries.

Penny Hazelton's contribution, Postage Stamps, begins on page 601.

From Office Ladies To Women Warriors?: The Effect Of The Eeol On Japanese Women, Jennifer S. Fan

Articles

In this Article, Jennifer Fan argues that existing laws in Japan do not adequately protect working women from sex discrimination. Specifically, Fan examines the Equal Employment Opportunity Law (EEOL), a law designed to prevent discrimination against women in the workplace, and concludes that the EEOL is little more than a paper tiger that preserves the status quo. After briefly discussing the legal sources of protection for working women in Japan before the passage of the EEOL, Fan examines the creation of the EEOL, its substantive provisions, and its legal impact. Through her analysis of recent sexual harassment cases in light …

The Hedgehog And The Fox: Distinguishing Public And Private Sector Approaches To Managing Risk For Internet Transactions, Jane Kaufman Winn

Articles

In his essay The Hedgehog and the Fox, Isaiah Berlin used an ancient Greek proverb comparing these animals as a metaphor to express a deep division among thinkers and writers in their understanding of the human condition. In this essay, I extend the metaphor to contrast the differing approaches to risk management taken by the public sector in the exercise of its sovereign functions and that taken by members of the private sector in the conduct of commercial transactions. In light of the differences in these basic approaches to questions of risk management, I will evaluate some widely discussed …

The Most Creative Moments In The History Of Environmental Law: "The Who's", William H. Rodgers, Jr.

Articles

My definition of creativity in environmental law is any legal initiative that advances the subject with new levels of analysis, structure, or institutional bridges. There are two requirements: improvement on function and novelty. Law is better if it increases the prospect of protecting the natural world or its inhabitants. Law is novel if it combines mandate, process, or structure in unusual ways.

There are reasons to suspect that environmental law as a field may be more creative than other legal subjects such as trust and estates, contracts, property, or tax law. One reason, as Oliver Houck has said, is that …

The Dynamic Properties Of Confined Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal Investigated By Photon Correlation Spectroscopy, Yuri Panarin, C. Rosenblatr, F.M. Aliev

Articles

Dynamic light scattering was used to examine ferrielectric liquid crystalline phases in porous media. Whereas in larger pores (200 Å) ferrielectric phases were observed, they were not found in the smallest pores (200 Å). Additionally, the temperatures of SmC - SmA phase transition were found to be suppressed in the pores relative to bulk, while SmCA - SmCγ phase transition is not affected by the confinement. These observations have been explained by the structural aspects of antiferroelectric liquid crystalline materials in a confined geometry and show the importance of long range electrostatic interaction for existence of ferrielectric phases.

A Survey Of Sexually Abusive Experiences In Childhood Amongst A Sample Of Third Level Students, Kevin Lalor

Articles

The following survey is an investigation into the nature, incidence and effects of childhood sexual abuse as experienced by a sample of third level students in Dublin. Unwanted sexual experiences whilst under the age of sixteen were surveyed. Response rates were high and indicate that unwanted sexual experiences prior to age sixteen are experienced by some 30% of female respondents. Indecent exposure was the most frequently reported experience. This figure falls considerably for contact and penetrative forms of abuse. Long term effects of non-contact forms of abuse were most frequently reported as embarrassment. More acute effects, such as suicidal tendencies, …

Succession By Estoppel: Hong Kong's Succession To The Iccpr, Peter K. Yu

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No abstract provided.

Review: Murphy's Law, Arthur Jacobson

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No abstract provided.

A Brief Note On Database Protection And The United States, Marci A. Hamilton

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No abstract provided.

Luminescence Properties Of Thin Film Ta2 Zn3 O8 And Mn Doped Ta2 Zn3 O8, Philip D. Rack, Michael D. Potter, Santosh Kurinec, Wounjhang Park, John Penczek, Brent K. Wagner, Christopher J. Summers

Articles

Blue luminescence from TaZZn30g and green luminescence from Mn doped TaZZn30g has been observed under low voltage cathodoluminescent excitation, In this article , the luminescence mechanisms of TaZZn30g and Mn doped TaZZn30 g are discussed in detail. The results suggest that the intrinsic blue luminescence of TaZZn30g results from a metal-to-ligand transition, whereas the green luminescence of Mn doped TaZZn30g results from the Mn 4T 1-6A I transition. The suppression of the blue intrinsic luminescence in Mn doped TaZZn30g suggests that efficient energy transfer from the host material to the Mn occurs. This energy transfer phenomenon is also discussed by …

Off-Beat Applications For A Digital Camera, Andrew Davidhazy

Articles

This article describes several adaptations made to an Agfa ePhoto 1280 camera to allow its use with close-up lenses, filters and REAL wide angle focal length converters, as well as a slide copier and as the basis for storing and exhibiting visual presentations.

Quality And Shelf-Life Of Fresh Cut Crrot Slices As Affected By Slicing Method, Catherine Barry-Ryan, David O'Beirne Prof

Articles

The effects of slicing method on the quality and storage-life of modified atmo¬sphere packaged carrot slices were determined using microscopy, sensory evalu¬ation, microbial counts and a range of physical and chemical tests. Slicing caused physical damage, physiological stress and enhanced microbial growth. The se¬verity of these effects were in the order of blunt machine blade > sharp machine blade > razor blade. These findings provide insights into the magnitude and ba¬sis of slicing effects and also confirm the importance of gentle processing and the use of a sharp blade.

The Constitutional Rhetoric Of Religion, Marci A. Hamilton

Articles

The message of postmodernism is that we should carefully attend to the language that we use. We should not expect the meaning of our words to always accord with our intentions or to remain static. We are likely to be surprised by language's subtle and unintended intonations. This could not be more true for the discourse in the battle over the standard to be applied to free exercises cases. The language of the standard that appears to be good for religion--the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) - sends the message that religion is weak and needy, while the standard that …

Near-Term Detectability Of Terrestrial Extrasolar Planets: Tep Network Observations Of Cm Draconis, Hans Deeg, Laurance Doyle, Valerij Kozhevnikov

Articles

Results from a photometric search for extrasolar planetary transits across the eclipsing binary CM Dra are presented. The TEP (Transits of Extrasolar Planets) network has observed this star since 1994, and a lightcurve with 617 hours of coverage has been obtained. The data give a complete phase coverage of the CM Dra system at each of the 3 years of observations, with a noise of less than 5 mmag. New epoch and period values for CM Dra are derived, and a low flare rate of 0.025 hr^−1 has been confirmed. The absence of periodic variations in eclipse minimum times excludes …

Multilongitudinal-Mode Dynamics In A Semiconductor Laser Subject To Optical Injection, J.K. White, Jerome Moloney, Athanasios Gavrielides

Articles

Multilongitudinal-mode dynamics in a semiconductor laser subject to optical injection are investigated both experimentally and numerically. We found that there are parameter regimes for which the slave laser hops into an adjacent longitudinal mode as we vary the detuning of the optical frequencies between the master and slave laser. A traveling wave model is used to numerically investigate the mode hopping. Good qualitative agreement is found between the numerical computations and the experimental observations.

Optical Effects Of Ink Spread And Penetration On Halftones Printed By Thermal Ink Jet, Jonathan Arney, Michael Alber

Articles

A probability-based model of halftone imaging, which was developed in previous work to describe the Yule–Nielsen effect, is shown in the current work to be easily modified to account for additional physical and optical effects in halftone imaging. In particular, the effects of ink spread and ink penetration on the optics of halftone imaging with an ink-jet printer is modeled. The modified probability model was found to fit the experimental data quite well. However, the model appears to overcompensate for the scattering associated with ink penetration into paper.

Building Color Management Modules Using Linear Optimization. Ii. Prepress System For Offset Printing, Koichi Iino, Roy Berns

Articles

A spectral model was derived to predict the spectral reflectance factor of colors formed using a color proofing system simulating offset printing. A first-order model was based on the spectral Neugebauer equation modified by the Yule-Nielsen correction in which n was assumed to vary as a function of wavelength. The n[z] and effective dot areas were optimized using primary (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) halftone tints. Systematic errors were observed. The systematic error behaved in a similar fashion to the phenomenon of ink trapping. Because ink trapping,.ink spread, ink mixture and variance of mechanical dot gain were negligible for this …

Gamut Mapping: Evaluation Of Chroma Clipping Techniques For Three Destination Gamuts, Ethan Montag, Mark Fairchild

Articles

A psychophysical experiment was carried out to evaluate 5 chroma clipping techniques for gamut mapping. Three different destination gamuts were used in order to determine how the shape of the destination gamut would influence performance of the different mapping techniques. The test images consisted of 7 colored computer-rendered textured spheres and one image which contained all 7 objects. Therefore the effect of hue on the preferred technique could be gauged. Although straight chroma-clipping, keeping lightness constant, was overall the best technique, there were notable exceptions. The results indicate that tradeoffs between global trends and specific exceptions to these trends may …

Reflecting On The Subject: A Critique Of The Social Influence Conception Of Deterrence, The Broken Windows Theory, And Order-Maintenance Policing New York Style, Bernard E. Harcourt

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No abstract provided.

Deepening Democracy: Mongolia, Tom Ginsburg

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No abstract provided.

The Internet And The Abiding Significance Of Territorial Sovereignty, Jack L. Goldsmith

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No abstract provided.

Efficiency And Conspiracy: Conflicts Of Interest, Anti-Nepotism Rules, And Separation Strategies, Saul Levmore

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No abstract provided.