Digital Commons Network^™

New Business Creation And Technology Transfer At The Rochester Cluster, Richard Demartino, David Reid, Stelios Zyglidopoulos

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The Rochester, NY regional photonics industry is in a period a technological and organizational change. Over the past seventy years the regional has enjoyed a reputation as one of the premium optics and imaging (photonics systems) centers of the world. In the past, the driving force behind this preeminence was a small number of larger diversified companies with strong technological competencies and internally oriented operations. Supporting these firms were dozens of small optics, components and imaging suppliers who grew and declined with their primary customers. Today's competitive photonics industry is far different technologically and organizationally then what existed 20 to …

Protecting Privacy In Today's Knowledge Based Society, Jack Cook, Kristin Kinsella, David Pang

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With the growing use of the Internet in everyday life, consumers are increasingly concerned about personal privacy. This paper examines issues concerning consumer privacy and provides solutions available to protect that privacy.

An Adaptive Neural Network For Understanding Website Usage Patterns, Victor Perotti, Raj Kiran

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As the importance of the Internet rises, the need to create more adaptive and more usable web sites also grows. Most improvements to a website requires some knowledge of the site's users and how they are interacting with the pages. However, web professionals today have relatively few good options for capturing this information. Certainly, there are software and services to help summarize the basic information from the web site logs. This could mean keeping track of the frequency of visits for the individual web pages that make up a site counting how many times the overall web site is visited …

Identity In The Mobilization Of The Wealthy In The Fight To Income Equity, Sandra Rothenberg, Maureen Scully

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In this paper, we look at the prospects for mobilization of the wealthy to contest widening income inequality. We begin by looking at members of an organization that supports the mobilization of grassroots groups on behalf of economic justice. We found among its members an "unexpected voice" = the voice of wealthy people grappling with their fairly invisible wealth and their own surprise that it evoked such a series of emotions and a gradual process they termed "coming out" at wealthy. We discuss the implications of this identity formation and interpretation for the organization's ability to shape a collective agenda …

The U'G'R'I'Z' Standard Star Setwork, J. Allyn Smith, Douglas L. Tucker, Stephen Kent, Michael Richmond, Masataka Fukugita, Takashi Ichikawa, Shin-Ichi Ichikawa, Anders M. Jorgensen, Alan Uomoto, James E. Gunn, Masaru Hamabe, Alin Tolea, Arne Henden, James Annis, Jeffrey R. Pier, Timothy A. Mckay, Jon Brinkmann, Bing Chen, Jon Holtzman, Kazuhiro Shimasaku, Donald G. York

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We present the 158 standard stars that define the u'g'r'i'z' photometric system. These stars form the basis for the photometric calibration of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The defining instrument system and filters, the observing process, the reduction techniques, and the software used to create the stellar network are all described. We briefly discuss the history of the star selection process, the derivation of a set of transformation equations for the UBVRcIc system, and plans for future work. (Refer to PDF file for exact formulas).

Fotografia De Barrido Con Camara Digital Improvisada, Andrew Davidhazy

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Este material sirvió de base a un articulo publicado en la revista Fotomundo, en la Argentina, en Marzo-Mayo 2002. La fotografia de barrido no es un tema discutido muy a menudo en circulos fotograficos. Este articulo detalla mis experimentos con este proceso utilizando una camara que improvisé a base de un escaner manual.

Community Prosecutors, Anthony V. Alfieri

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No abstract provided.

Icann's "Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy"- Causes And (Partial) Cures, A. Michael Froomkin

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No abstract provided.

Toward The Formation Of "Innocence Commissions" In America, Barry C. Scheck, Peter J. Neufeld

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The article advocates for the establishment of "innocence commissions" to investigate and address wrongful convictions in the U.S. criminal justice system. Drawing parallels to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which investigates transportation accidents, the authors propose that these commissions would identify systemic defects leading to wrongful convictions and recommend reforms to prevent future miscarriages of justice. They emphasize the need for independence, subpoena power, and public accountability to ensure the commissions' effectiveness.

Sex, Gender, And September 11, Hilary Charlesworth, Christine M. Chinkin

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The October 2001 issue of the American Journal of International Law contained several editorials on the international law implications of the hijackings of September 11, 2001, and their aftermath. In one respect these editorials resemble other writings on these events in academic and popular media: questions of sex and gender are largely overlooked.' In our view, however, concepts of sex and gender provide a valuable perspective on these devastating actions.' We use the term "sex" here to refer to issues about women as distinct biological beings from men, and the term "gender" to encompass social understandings of femininity and masculinity. …

The Bill For Rights, Carl E. Schneider

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Where today is legislative ingenuity lavished more bountiully than on the titles of statutes? And where has that ingenuity been better exercised than in the name "patients' bill of rights"? Do not our dearest liberties flow from the Bill of Rights? And who more deserves similar protection than patients in the hands of an angry Managed Care Organization? And behold, both Democrats and Republicans, both President Clinton and President Bush, have summoned us to arms. The patients' bill of rights is an idea whose time has seemed to have come for several years, and only conflicts among the numerous proposals …

Objects For Lexical Analysis, Bernd Kuhl, Axel-Tobias Schreiner

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This paper presents a new idea for lexical analysis: lolo (language-oriented lexer objects) is strictly based on the object orientation paradigm. We introduce the idea behind the system, describe the implementation, and compare it to the conventional approach using lex[1] or flex[2].lolo[3] extracts symbols from a sequence of input characters belonging to the ASCII or Unicode sets. lolo scanners can be extended without access to the source code: symbol recognizers can be derived by inheritance and an executing scanner can be reconfigured for different contexts. Recognizer actions are represented by objects which may be replaced at any time. Recognizers need …

Data-Efficient Methods Applied To General Spectral Image Capture, Mitchell Rosen, Francisco Imai, Mark Fairchild

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Commercialization of spectral imaging for color reproduction will require low bandwidth but highly accurate spectral image acquisition systems. Self-adapting systems are proposed as potential solutions. Such systems perform spectral content analysis on an encountered scene, reacting to the analysis by configuring efficient high quality spectral reconstruction. An experiment is reported comparing scene-derived spectral estimation transforms to static global transforms in multi-channel imaging simulations. For noisefree simulations, the adaptive approach showed clear benefit in terms of colorimetric and spectral statistics. When noise was added, the adaptive method continued to be superior in terms of spectral evaluations, but colorimetric degradation for the …

Deaf Individuals Find Hope At Hanson House, Mavis Sullivan

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No abstract provided.

A Theoretical Analysis Of Habitat Conversion And Biodiversity Conservation Over Time And Under Uncertainty, Amitrajeet A. Batabyal

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We exploit the known links between natural habitats and biodiversity to pose and study the biodiversity conservation question as an optimal stopping problem. We extend the extant literature on this question by studying the role that autonomous and nonautonomous policies play in the decision to conserve biodiversity over time and uncertainty. We first construct a dynamic and stochastic model of decision making in the context of biodiversity conservation. Next, we use this model to analyze the expected utility of a social planner when this planner uses, respectively, autonomous and nonautonomous policies. Finally, we compare and contrast the properties of autonomous …

The Impact Of Internet Commerce And Trade Exchanges On Business Productivity, John Simon, Jack Cook

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According to some studies, the growing investment in information technology did not raise productivity in the 1980s - this observation was dubbed the productivity paradox. However productivity did rise in the 1990s - which could be a delayed effect, or due to the growth in networking. In this paper we address the impact of Internet commerce and trade exchanges on business productivity.

Legal Protection For Software: Still A Work In Progress, Robert W. Gomulkiewicz

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Software began as geekware-something written by programmers for programmers. Now, software is a business and consumer staple. Cryptic character-based user interfaces have given way to friendly graphical ones; multi-media is everywhere; people own multiple computers of varying sizes; computers are connected to one another across the globe; email and instant electronic messages have replaced letters and telephone calls for many people.

The issue of whether the law should protect software seems quaint to us now. Over the past twenty-five years, legislatures and courts have concluded that copyright, patent, trade secret, trademark, and contract law all can be used to protect …

Probability And Statistics In The Legal Curriculum: A Case Study In Disciplinary Aspects Of Interdisciplinarity, Michael Townsend

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This Article considers interdisciplinarity and the legal curriculum in the context of probability and statistics. Section D of Part II begins the discussion by sketching some multidisciplinary, pluridisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary approaches. Part III is the workhorse of this Article. The particular example used here is the well-known jury discrimination case of Castaneda v. Partida as described in Section A. This "case study" provides the basis for a crossdisciplinary experience that offers students an opportunity to think about law as a discipline. It is difficult for students to step back and look at law as a discipline when there is …

Cyberproperty And Judicial Dissonance: The Trouble With Domain Name Classification, Xuan-Thao Nguyen

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The nature of cyberspace continues to be woven into the fabric of our daily existence. Not surprisingly, cyberspace and the expansion of e-commerce pose challenges to existing law, particularly the legal definition of cyberproperty domain names. The nature of cyberspace allows many e-companies to possess no traditional assets such as buildings and inventories. Some e-companies own few computers, often using service providers to maintain their web sites. In the virtual space that e-companies inhabit, the primary assets that e-companies own are intangibles such as domain names, customer information, and intellectual property that includes business method patents, copyrights, and trademarks.

Domain …

Commercial Law Collides With Cyberspace: The Trouble With Perfection – Insecurity Interests In The New Corporate Asset, Xuan-Thao Nguyen

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The recent downturn in the economy, particularly in the e-commerce sector, reveals many e-companies heading toward bankruptcy with cyberassets, such as domain names, as their most valuable corporate assets. Lending institutions and other creditors that have extended loans to such e-companies obviously want to get their hands on these bankrupt estates. Which creditor will have priority in the new cybercollateral of domain names? The answer to creditor priority questions may depend on whether domain names are intangible property for purposes of secured transactions. If so, should security interests in domain names be perfected under the Uniform Commercial Code or under …

Emerging Issues In Electronic Contracting, Technical Standards And Law Reform, Jane K. Winn

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The explosive growth of electronic commerce transactions in recent years has added fuel to efforts to harmonize international commercial law. Organizations such as the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and the Hague Conference on Private International Law are all participating in an emerging global debate concerning the changes that should be made to the form or substance of international commercial law to accommodate innovation in the technology of international trade.

Many of the important legal issues raised by cross-border electronic commerce in the 1970s and 1980s have …

Growth And Form: Indian Tribes, Terrorism, And The Durability Of Environmental Law, William H. Rodgers, Jr.

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My target audience is the body of extraordinary law students here at the Vermont Law School who will define the shape and direction of tomorrow's environmental law. My plan is to derive five virtues of significant achievement—genius, high-leveraging, symbolism, optimism, and courage—and to convince you that the Indian tribes of the United States are fortuitously blessed with these capacities for positive change.

I am obliged to defend my five virtues against the charge that they are "gray" virtues, mere tactics of opportunity open to use by the forces of hatred and destruction as freely as those of nurturing and protection. …

Lesbigay Identity As Commodity, David M. Skover, Kellye Y. Testy

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This Essay explores the deep dissonance that exists today between the validation of American LesBiGays in the commercial marketplace and their devaluation in political and legal arenas, and questions the failure of legal scholars and civil rights activists to account meaningfully for this dissonance in their theories and practices. I

n America's popular culture, LesBiGay identities abound. In its political culture, however, they emerge more tentatively. The commercial and entertainment industries increasingly commodify and celebrate LesBiGay identities. The courts and legislatures generally discount and condemn them. Thus, there is a deep dissonance between the validation of LesBiGay identities in the …

Linking Progressive Corporate Law With Progressive Social Movements, Kellye Y. Testy

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Professor Testy critically assesses what has been termed a "new" corporate social responsibility project After noting the hegemony of shareholder primacy in corporate law, she critiques four major counter-hegemonic discourses: team production theory, corporate social accountabiity, stakeholder theory, and corporate social responsibility (or progressive corporate law). Finding the first three ineffective foils for the problems of corporate power that have spurred calls for reform, she turns to an examination of the progressive corporate law project. That project, presently poised at a defining juncture as it attempts to use the "master's tools" to "dismantle the master's house," nonetheless holds promise for …

Teaching The Media In Ireland, Brian O'Neill, Helen Howley

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This chapter presents an outline of the context, provision and future prospects for Media Education in Ireland with particular reference to the junior secondary cycle. The research, carried out by as part of the Euromedia Project, was co-ordinated by the School of Media, Technological University Dublin and was carried out between January and June 2001. To date, little if any formal research has been carried on provisions for media education in Ireland. O’Halloran (1992) and Lynskey (1990) both identified the need and proposed methodologies for media education in Irish primary and secondary curricula respectively and O’Neill (2000) describes the historical …

Toward A Nonzero-Sum Approach To Resolving Global Intellectual Property Disputes: What Can We Learn From Mediators, Business Strategists, And International Relations Theorists, Peter K. Yu

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All societies, communities, organizations, and interpersonal relationships experience conflict at one time or another in the process of dayto-day interaction. Conflict is not necessarily bad, abnormal, or dysfunctional; it is a fact of life. Conflict and disputes exist when people are engaged in competition to meet goals that are perceived to be, or actually are, incompatible. However, conflict may go beyond competitive behavior and acquire the additional purpose of inflicting physical or psychological damage on an opponent, even to the point of destruction. It is then that the negative and harmful dynamics of conflict exact their full costs.

Rulemaking, Michael Herz

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No abstract provided.

Constitutional Reform In Alabama: A Necessary Step Towards Achieving A Fair And Efficient Tax Structure Working Papers, Susan Pace Hamill

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No abstract provided.

Bridging The Gap Between International Law And Foreign Policymaking, Daniel H. Joyner

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No abstract provided.

A Remembrance Of Things Past: Reflections On The Warren Court And The Struggle For Civil Rights Symposium: The Jurisprudential Legacy Of The Warren Court, Ronald J. Krotoszynski Jr.

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No abstract provided.